CPAR Reviewer PDF

**What is Art?** - Art can be defined as human pursuit to imitate life and the world into something pleasing or beautiful. - The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination - The term \"contemporary art\" refers to art made and produced by artists living to...

**What is Art?** - Art can be defined as human pursuit to imitate life and the world into something pleasing or beautiful. - The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination - The term \"contemporary art\" refers to art made and produced by artists living today. It provides an opportunity to reflect on contemporary society and issues relevant to ourselves and world around us. **Ethnic Tradition** Art forms are primarily influenced by the geographical location and the experiences of the Filipinos. In this time, the purpose of arts is integral life. Arts reflected the pagan beliefs and practices, everyday activity such as fishing and farming, and specific decorative art pattern to the community. **Angono Petroglyphs** Angono Petroglyphs is situated in Binangonan, Rizal. It was discovered by the National Artist Carlos "Botong" Francisco, in 1965. **Manunggul Jar** Manunggul Jar is found in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan in early 1960s. It is a burial jar which signifies the belief of early Filipino in life after death. **Banga** Banga literally means pot. The Banga or pot dance is a performance of Kalinga of the Mountain Province of the Philippines. This dance shows the elegant grace of Igorot tribe and the skill and strength of women. **Spanish Colonial Tradition** Art forms were primarily influenced by religion and secularization. In this time, Spaniards used arts to propagate the Catholic faith. **Langit, Lupa, at Impyerno** This wall painting by Josef Luciano Dans will be found in St. James the Apostle Church in Paete, Laguna. This painting was dated 1859 and depicts the heaven, crucifixion of Christ; earth, Adan and Eve; and hell, sinners with different transgressions. **St. Paul Metropolitan cathedral** Located in Burgos, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur. The original structure was built in 1574 and replaced as a church in 1641. The cathedral follows a Baroque architectural design. **Modern Art** Modern Art refers to the practice of art from 1860s to 1960s. The main theme of art works in this time is national identity. **The Making of the Philippine Flag** This painting was made by Ferdinand Amorsolo, "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art' and born in Manila. It shows a reminder of traditions and customs of the Filipino. **Bayanihan** This was made by Carlos "Botong" Francisco. This painting by him was dated in 1962. This mural painting of Carlos "Botong" Francisco shows the Filipino's bayanihan tradition. **Contemporary Arts** Contemporary arts refer to the practice of art from 1970s to the present. Contemporary arts mirror contemporary culture and society. Diverse and emerging art practices were being introduced in this era. **Cinco Marias (Tres Marias Series)** This was made by Federico Aguilar Alcuaz. Cinco Marias (Tres Marias Series) depicts the variety of domestic activites. **Art Installation in Sand Dunes of Paoay** Created by Leeroy New. This was made for the La Milagrosa Festival in Ilocos Norte. According to Leeroy New, this art installation symbolizes the great festivals, feasts and celebrations. **Elements of Art** 1. **Space** The emptiness which may be either positive space or negative space. 2. **Line** Series of connected points. It may come into two characteristics: form -- curved, dotted, or broken lines; and direction -- vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. 3. **Shape and Form** Shape is an area enclosed by a line or lines. These are two dimensional figures with height and width. It can be geometric, organic, and abstract. 4. **Color** In visual arts, value is considered a property of a color which pertains to its lightness or darkness. 5. **Texture** In visual arts, texture is the element that appeals to our sense of feel on things, rough, smooth, bumpy, or slippery. It pertains to the surface of art piece. **Principles of Art** 1. **Proportion** - Proportion refers to the relationship of the size of elements in a body of art. 2. **Harmony** - In visual arts, harmony is the unity of the artwork, specifically about the arrangement of the related elements. 3. **Variety** - In other terms, variety may be referred to as diversity. This means adding multiple, different elements to break the monotony of an artwork and make it more interesting. 4. **Movement** - In arts, movement is the illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture design, or in a piece of art. 5. **Rhythm** - This refers to the repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern. In visual arts, repeated design elements may create a certain flow and may lead the viewer's eyes. 6. **Balance** - Balance refers to the even and equal distribution of elements. 7. **Emphasis** - Emphasis is a principle which may refer to the greater impact given on a certain element. **CONTEMPORAY** **VISUAL ARTS** **Paintings Themes** **Religious Themes** \- Primary subject for the artworks during the Spanish colonial time. **Hapag ng Pag-asa by: Joey Velasco** **Historical Themes** -It's a subject of artwork depicts the Philippines historical events from the past. **Filipino Struggles through History** **by: Carlos "Botong" V. Francisco** **Portraiture** \- Used to commemorate personalities \- Seen in many formal institution such as government office. \- Symbolism: rise and wealth. **Portrait of PRRD** **by: Daryl de Leon Descallar** **Still life** \- Work of art that portrays inanimate objects. **Paz Paterno (1867-1914)** **Kapampangan Artist** **Vicente Manansala (1910-1981)** **Filipino-Chinese Ang Kiukok (1931-2005)** **Landscapes** \- Depict the beauty of the outdoors. \- Natural environment \- Hustle and bustle of the city streets. **Barrio Scene Martino Abellana** **(1914-1988)** **Nude/s** \- As a subject of painting in the Philippines, was rare before the 20th century but has since been an accepted and popular subject in Philippine contemporary visual arts. **Lavandera by: Fernando Amorsolo** **(1892-1972)** **The Nudeby: Bernardo, Lira** **Genres** \- Showcase people doing everyday activities and chores. **Boxer Codex (1590)** **SCULPTURE**- Are artworks that are 3D **CLASSIFICATION OF SCULPTURES** **Free standing** - Also known as *in the round* - Sculpture that are raised independently in their given space **Reliefs** - Are sculptures that are raised from a background ***Bas-relief or low reliefs*** \- Slightly protruding from their background. ***High reliefs*** **-** Prominently raised against their backgrounds **FREE STANDING SCULPTURE** - a piece of art that is not attached to a wall or building or a piece that stands on a pedestal or base.. **BAS-RELIEFS** **SCULPTURE** - any work where the projection from a supporting background is shallow **HIGH-RELIEFS SCULPTURE** DECORATIVE ARTS & CRAFT **POTTERY** Making pots and other wares using clay or mud. **CARVING** Manipulating and creating objects by subtracting and shaping solid materials. **The Ifugao rice god, *bulul.*** **WEAVING** Art of interacting threads and fibers to create textile, fabric or other similar products. **BINAKOL and PINILIAN** **ilocos regions** **METALWORKS** Art of creating and manipulating metal to create various items such as jewelry, weapons and etc. ***Gador* or decorated brass urn** **CONTEMPORARY PERFORMING ARTS** Forms of creative activity that are performed in front of audience, such as drama, music, and dance. of all the different forms of art, it is much appreciated and enjoyed by people. **HISTORY** **Before the arrival of Spaniards** -- indigenous music were instrumental and vocal. **Spanish colonization** -- promulgated religious music **The Americans** -- through the public school system, taught children simple hymns and Filipino songs rendered in a Western style or beat. **Mid-twentieth-century Filipino music** -- it is still influenced by foreign music, eventually **'Filipinized'** flavor through the use of vernacular in lyrics and creation of wholly original compositions. **KUNDIMAN** - a musical form that is a product of Spanish colonization. - art song that signifies love and affection for someone - highly emotional and sentimental - a traditional courtship ritual in the Philippines wherein suitor serenades his object of affection - any love song can be sung during the harana, including kundiman songs. - traditional harana also uses deep Tagalog words and is used to implore the girl to give attention such as **"Dungawin Mo' Hirang"** and **"O, Ilaw."** - **BALLAD** - **Traditionally** a song that narrates an event in a community. - **In modern times,** the term ballad has been applied to descibe love songs, and **balladeer** is an artist whose set of songs is primarily composed of romantic songs. - **Ballad composers:** Ernani Cuenco, Jose Mari Chan - **Balladeers:** Regine Velasquez-Alcasid, Sarah Geronimo, Jed Madela - a form of instrumental music composed by a small ensemble wherein each part is played by one player. - usually performed by a group of three to eight musicians. **CHORAL MUSIC** - a musical composition intended to be performed by a group of singers called **choir.** - **Choir:** arranged according to voice categories such as soprano, alto, tenor and bass. - performed in churches, singing religious hymns during the mass - Most well-known school choir is the choral group of UP, **the Philippine Madrigal Singers** or the **"Madz."** **LITURGICAL MUSIC** - are songs intended for Christian church services - Its early form was inspired by Jewish chants during their religious rituals. Examples:\ National Artist Francisco F. Feliciano\ *Mass of Saint Andrew\ *Ryan Cayabyab -- *Misa\ *Gary Valenciano -- *praise and gospel songs* - **combination of both music and theater** - **it is a sung drama that entails collaborative efforts of singers, dancers composers, choreographers, etc.** - **the opera was introduced in the Philippines in the middle of 1800s.** **Example:\ Felipe Padilla's *Noli Me Tangere*, the first full-length Filipino Opera** **POP MUSIC** - used to describe music that is readily available to the broad populace. - it is an umbrella term that encompasses a multitude of different genre of music such as RnB, Rap, Rock, Hip-hop, Dance etc. - **Pinoy pop or Filipino pop music** came about when Filipino musicians wanted to create music that they can call their own. -- Pinoy Rock - **Rap** -- popular in the late 1980s in the PH.\ Originated from the African-Americans - **Hip-hop** -- incorporates not only rap but also includes RnB, beatboxing and electronic turntables and accompaniments. **PROTEST SONGS** - are songs that bring to light injustices and inequality in society. - these seek to inspire **nationalism** and **heroism** from their listeners.\ Example:\ **Bayan Ko** -- tribute to the Motherland, used as a call of independence from the Americans and Japanese. Some protest songs tackle **environmental issues.** Example:\ **Masdan ang Kapaligiran** -- Asin**\ Nag-iisang Mundo** -- Gloc-9 **DANCE** **AEROBIC DANCE** - A dance routine made into an exercise program. - Three phases;\ warm-up, aerobic dance, cooldown exercises Examples:\ jazzercise, aero hip-hop, ballroom dancing, belly dancing, Brazilian-developed Zumba **BALLET** - Is both dance and theater art. - It is a style and dance technique that follows strict set and performance. - Originated from the European spectacles **Modern ballet** -- uses traditional ballet techniques and style set to contemporary ideas and subjects. **Opera ballet --** is a genre of French Baroque lyric theater that was most popular during the 18^th^ century. **Rock ballet --** modern version of opera ballet **Folkloric ballet --** is a performance that presents subjects and themes based on the art and culture of a community **FOLK DANCE** - Different dances performed by various cultural groups throughout the country. - It changes from region to region and is performed by nonprofessional dancers who are members of the said community. - It is often performed during rituals, festivals, fiestas, and other community celebrations.\ Examples:\ Tinikling -- Waray\ Subli -- Batangas\ Ati-atihan -- Aklan\ Masskara -- Bacolod\ Sinulog -- Cebu - A term used to describe vernacular dances or dances that developed originally within a community. - A dance form that began in urban spaces such as parks, streets, yards and night clubs, rather than in formal dance studios - Absurd - Stage Show - Brechtian Theater - Children's Theater - Melodrama - Dramatic Monologue - Tula-dula - Political Theater - Musical Theater - Realism ABSURD - A genre of modern play that deliberately exaggerates the events and situations to emphasize the point. Characteristics:\ - Hopelessness in characters \- Absurd or unexplained ending\ -Comic scenes\ -Importance of repetition\ -Elements of "Existentialism" First performed in the PH -- 1967\ Ang Paghihintay Kay Godot -- Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett Other absurd play were soon presented by the\ **PETA -- Philippine Educational Theater Association** **STAGE SHOW** - Or **bodabil** is a theatrical presentation of various acts and performances. - These performances may be a production of the following:\ comedy skits, circus acts, musical and dance numbers, acrobatics, magic shows and the like. - Are plays that are either performed by children or by adults for children - Primary audience are children - Intended to educate, inspire, and encourage creativity and value formation. - Based on folktales and legends - A nonmusical play that is intended to elicit tears and emotional attachment to the characters. - The main characters of these melodramas are often victims of tragedies who suffer cruelty from the people around them but in the end will rise triumphantly. - These melodramas are regularly seen on television. - Is a type of play wherein an individual actor speaks and acts out the character's thoughts and emotions. Examples:\ Tony Perez's ***Alex Antiporda (1974)\ ***Anton Juan Jr.'s ***Taong Grasa (1985)*** - or **poem-play** -- developed by the UP in the 1970's - It is minimalist in attack wherein a poem is dramatized by a narrator who recites the piece while two or three actors provide the movement and the sound effects. - are plays wherein music is an essential part of the production. - Is a type of drama that provides an accurate depiction of real-life situations. - This type of modern theater first came to the PH after WWII