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VARIOUS ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES LESSON 3 PAINTING a two-dimensional image or artwork created using pigments or color on a ground such as canvas, cardboard, paper or wood. Since painting is created on a flat surface, it can be described as an artwork that has only height and widt...
VARIOUS ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES LESSON 3 PAINTING a two-dimensional image or artwork created using pigments or color on a ground such as canvas, cardboard, paper or wood. Since painting is created on a flat surface, it can be described as an artwork that has only height and width. Different Forms of Painting EASEL PAINTING Applying color to a board or canvas that is fixed on an upright support called an easel. Typically meant to be framed and hanged on a wall. Different Forms of Painting MURAL PAINTING Huge-sized painting usually created on a wall that aims to convey a message to the public. Different Forms of Painting TELON PAINTING An artwork synonymous to a backdrop or background for a stage usually used in popular forms of theater arts such as komedya, sarswela, or sinakulo Thick, shiny paint made by mixing pigment with oil (usually linseed). OIL PAINT It take several days to dry but the art piece lasts very long. Thick shiny paint made by mixing pigment with water and an acrylic ACRYLIC PAINT base. Unlike oil, it is cheaper and dries within a few hours. POSTER PAINT Solid water-based paint that dries to a matte finish MEDIUM FRESCO The technique involves painting with dry pigment on wet plaster. Water-based paint that may or may not be mixed with egg yolks TEMPERA (egg tempera) Soft and transparent paint made from pigment, water and gum WATER COLOR Arabic. OIL PAINT ACRYLIC PAINT POSTER PAINT FRESCO TEMPERA WATER COLOR COMMON THEMES STILL LIFE involves the use of natural or man-made objects in a natural- setting. It can be flowers, food, or musical instruments. A still life reveals an artist's skill in painting shapes, light, and shadow. COMMON THEMES PORTRAIT is an image of a person or animal. Aside from showing what someone looks like, a portrait often captures a mood or personality. COMMON THEMES LANDSCAPES portray a natural scenery or an outdoor scene. A landscape artist uses paint to create not only land, water, and clouds but air, wind, and sunlight. COMMON THEMES SEASCAPES make use of large bodies of water like the ocean or the sea as the subject of the painting COMMON THEMES INTERIORS refer to the painting of the space inside of a house or a building, which shows the social class of the people living in it as well as their traits.. COMMON THEMES HISTORY portrays scenes from the past, which often teaches a lesson about national values. COMMON THEMES RELIGION is another common subject used in paintings. It includes religious images, lives of saints, and scenes from the Bible that portray a sacred story or express an artist's faith. COMMON THEMES GENRE painting depicts people in their daily activities. Basically, it is a painting of scenes that capture life in action. It could show a farmer tilling a land, a busy street, a beach party, a dinner gathering, or any place where living goes on. COMMON THEMES NUDES are portrayals of the unclothed human figure. SCULPTURE comes from Latin word “Sculpere”, meaning to carve. Sculpture as plastic arts refers to the creation of three- dimensional figures, forms or designs from a single block mass of materials. Carving and Modelling are the traditional ways of creating a sculpture, sometimes in stones, metals, ceramics, woods or other materials. TWO MAJOR PROCESSES SUBTRACTIVE when unwanted materials are cut away to form a figure ADDITIVE putting together of materials to form a figure a subtractive process where the material is removed. This CARVING is common in woods or stones (specifically marble). an additive process where the material is added to build up MODELING a shape. Applicable to clay, wax, plaster, or paper-mache. involves the use of a mold to form molten bronze (or other CASTING material) into a desired shape TECHNIQUES an additive process that involves welding, gluing, or CONSTRACTION nailing materials together. additive process that involves assembling of found ASSEMBLAGE objects in unique ways KINETIC involves the use of movable parts SCULPTURE MATERIALS BASALT AND STONE MARBLE DIORITE GRANITE LIMESTONE TERRA COTTA when the form of the sculpted figure is clearly visible because many elements are completely detached from the background. RELIEF STRUCTURE kind of sculpture that does not have a flat horizontal base. It is usually attached to a surface or a background slightly higher from the flat surface. The lowest reliefs are likened to the figures carved on coins. The figure has clear contour lines that are noticeably attached to any surface. FREE- STANDING -a kind of sculpture that can independently stand in space. With its flat horizontal base, a free-standing sculpture can be seen from all sides. Kinetic and Mobiles are moving three- dimensional figures. These are those that are suspended on air. This kind of sculpture is either moving with the wind or is vibrating with the surrounding air. LITERATURE It is composed of written works that hold a lasting importance in the culture of a particular people. The first book printed in the Philippines is the Doctrina Christiana, which had been published in 1593 in Manila. ELEMENTS OF POETRY POETRY ❑ Meaning – the use of allusion, connotations, J H idioms, or any new words in portraying the refers to the type of poet’s feelings or ideas. ❑ Figurative Language – the use of simile, literature that metaphor, and other figures of speech in expresses one’s conveying a message without directly stating emotions or ideas the literal meaning. using a figurative or ❑ Imagery – the use of descriptions and details on symbolic language, objects, actions, and ideas that appeal to the readers’ physical senses in order to give them a usually written in a clearer picture of the scene as if it was real. group of lines or ❑ Sound and Rhythm – the use of emphasis on stanzas. words is sound while the position of beats or the sound pattern of the work is rhythm ETHNIC TRADITION ❑ Epic relates adventures of a super hero with powers and serves as a code F of values of a particular ethnic group. ❑ Folk song is a song that is conveyed orally from one generation to another O and known as ‘awiting bayan’ in Tagalog. ❑ Proverbs is composed of straight-to-the-point statements that teach morality and tradition and usually expressed as rhyming pair of lines that R depict two different elements. ❑ Riddle is a statement or question that offers a puzzle to be solved, which M suggests a challenging entertainment for the reader to figure out the answer. ❑ Short poem usually has four lines, with 5-12 syllables per line. S ❑ Poetic Joust is a type of oral poetry competition held in the 17th century. Also known as ‘Balagtasan’, it stimulates the creativity and verbal agility of novice poets. SPANISH COLONIAL F TRADITION ❑Metrical romance is a prose poem that do not have rhymes. O It deals with themes such as adventure and epic journeys, chivalry, folklores, interpersonal relationships, knights and R fair maidens, legends, religion, and rites of passage. M ❑Pasyon is an epic narrative of the Filipinos about the life of Jesus Christ. This is written in a stanza with 5 lines, with 8 S syllables per line. Pasyon provides a source of colorful and dramatic images of Jesus Christ’ passion, death and resurrection. ELEMENTS OF PROSE J PROSE 1. Theme or content is the general idea or central thought of the composition. 2. Language and Style refer to the writer’s choice of words uses sentences that affect the mood of the story. This includes the use of and paragraphs, sentence structures and figurative language and sounds like 3. Form and structure are the sequence of topic and transitions that make up the whole essay. an ordinary 4. Plot or story line is the sequence of events in the story that speech or gives the flow of the narrative. writing used to 5. Characters can be a person, an animal or even thing who takes part in the story. inform and 6. Setting is the time and place where the story took place. persuade the 7. Point of View is the method and perspective that the writer readers. uses in story. It is used to connect with and impact the experience of the reader CONTEMPORARY PROSE ❑ FOLK NARRATIVE is any story that depicts the people’s tradition, F feelings, beliefs, and judgments, that were handed down through words of mouth of the past. Myth is a legendary or traditional story that involves historical events O and supernatural beings, with or without factual explanations. Myths initially began with stories that were told to provide logical R explanations to people of a culture in order to explain natural (i.e. origin of the world and its first inhabitants) or cosmic events. M Legend lies between a myth and a historical fact. It is a story or narrative about the historical lives of great men and women. a. Religious legend narrates the miracles of God and of the Saints. S b. Supernatural legend tells the story on the existence of beings from the underworld. c. Toponymical legend explains why a certain place has its name CONTEMPORARY PROSE F Folktales are classified into animal tales or fables, magic tales, humorous tales, novelistic tales, religious and didactic tales. O ❑ Essay explains the insights or information using description, narration, and humor. ❑ Novel is a lengthy and complex narrative of events based on R the author’s imagination. ❑ Short story is a concise secular narrative with romantic, M realistic and radical tradition. ❑ Komiks is a special form of contemporary literature which S involves drawing frames showing a set of characters with their actions and usually contains speech bubbles for their dialogues. FILM Also known as a movie, motion picture or moving picture, Film is a work of visual art used to communicate ideas, feelings, experiences using moving images that are shown on television in cinema. ❑Aksyon (Action) – emphasizes conflict based on real-life F stories or actual experiences of persons, and based from the tradition of metrical romance or literary komedya. O ❑Animation is a film that involves the creation of illustrations or inanimate images and bringing them to R life. ❑Bomba is a film that depicts nudity and sex but is M different from X-rated pornography. S ❑Dokyu (documentary) is a motion picture that narrates news events or explanations on a specific subject matter based on facts. ❑Drama is a motion picture that dwells on personal F problems and conflicts that portrays sentiments and emotion. O ❑Experimental is a film that involves the creation of something new and innovative, that is never been done R before with the camera. ❑Fantasy is characterized by scenes from the imaginary M world. ❑Historical depicts actual events from the past. S ❑Horror is a film that brings fear to the audience. ❑Komedi (Comedy) aims to bring laughter to the audience. MUSIC Music is an arrangement of sounds, combining vocal or instrumental sounds, to create a continuous and unified composition for emotional expression. ETHNIC TRADITIONAL ❑Ballad is a narrative folksong that tells all kinds of F stories about events happening in a community. It O includes histories, legends, fairy tales, animal fables, tales of outlaws and even star-crossed R lovers. ❑Chant is a song with an unaccompanied melody M and variable rhythm. S ❑Song Debate is sung by male and female singers who try to beat each other about a certain topic. RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR ❑Liturgical Music is a vocal and instrumental F compositions that used in official rites of the Christian O churches. ❑Kumintang is a love dance accompanied by a guitar R and a string bass, characterized by graceful hand and wrist movements popularly known as “kunday”. M ❑Pasyon is the chanting of a narrative poem about the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ in various S styles AMERICAN-INSPIRED F ❑ Classical Music refers to musical traditions of the West that were founded on the refinement of Western folk O music or popular music traditions. ❑ Semi-Classical Music refers to a musical composition in R between classical and popular music. It includes band and rondalla music, hymns and marches, sarswela music, M and stylized folk songs. ❑ Popular Music includes original music composed by S Filipinos, which utilizes Western and local musical flavors. DANCE Dance is an art that involves a series of rhythmic human movements that are deliberately selected to match the speed and rhythm of a piece of music. ❑Folk Dance is a dance developed by people to reflect the life of a certain region or country. This is a dance that F expresses the vernacular or historical culture of a group of people. Examples include ceremonial dance, combative, O courtship, exorcism, funeral, game, torture, comic and religious dances. R ❑Ballet is a theatrical dance performed on stage with the use of costumes, music, scenic design, and lighting. M ❑Modern Dance is a dance form that emerged during the 20th century that make use of dance styles such as folk, S ethnic, religious, and social dancing, and sometimes theatrical in nature like ballet. ❑ Aerobic dance is a dance intended to increase one’s consumption of oxygen over a period of time. The dancer F dances to the tune of popular music. ❑ Bodabil dancing is an indigenized version of Vaudeville O introduced to the Philippines in the 1910s during the American period. It features a mixture of performance of R American ballads, torch songs, and blues numbers. ❑ Jazz dance uses African dance techniques like the M isolation of individual human body parts, rhythm, and polycentrism. S ❑ Tap dance is a dance which involves tapping with toes and heels to generate rhythmic pattern. OTHER CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS ❑ BAMBOO ART refers to art pieces made from bamboo that are created for functional use, or for decorations or ornaments. ❑ BASKETRY is the craft of making objects by weaving or coiling together materials like grasses or twigs that result to baskets used for carrying, storage or even trapping animals. ❑ BOOK DESIGN is the art of incorporating content, style, format, design and sequence of the various components and elements of a book to make a coherent work. OTHER CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS ❑ COSTUMES refer to garments, including hairstyles and accessories that are worn by individuals. ❑ EMBROIDERY refers to the art of decorating material, primarily textile fabric or other materials by means of a needle and thread. ❑ FOOD ART is the art of preparing, cooking and presenting food in the most creative ways. ❑ FURNITURE refers to movable objects that are decorative and functional. These are also known as muebles or kasangkapan. 04 HISTORY OF CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD) Duyong Cave, Palawan is a kind of ear pendant fashioned from green nephrite (jade) is the characteristic trait of the Early Metal Age. PRE-COLONIAL Maitum Jar In 1991, the National Museum archaeological team ART discovered anthropomorphic is characterized by art secondary burial jars in Ayub Cave, Barangay Pinol, Maitum, pieces that depict the early Sarangani Province, Mindanao, people’s daily activities that Philippines are integral to their lives. Other art works have religious symbols that are used for ritual purposes and some art works have specific decorative art pattern that symbolizes the community Baybayin - a Tagalog ancient script also known in Visayan as badlit, derived from Brahmic scripts of India and first recorded in the 16th century. OTHER FORMS OF ART DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL of Cordillera is a granary God that plays an important BULUL role in rituals CARVING of the Tausug, Samal and Badjao is the mythical Sarimanok, OKIR also known as the Naga or Serpent. PIS SIYABIT of the Tausug of Sulu is a woven headpiece WEAVING (Itbayat of Batanes) is a head sling made of nito or OVALOID BASKET bamboo used to carry the harvests JEWELRY is common among the upper class Tagalogs ORNAMENTATION is common among the Visayans, which is believed to be a TATTOOING protection from evil spirits. It signifies bravery and maturity. IMPORTANT HAPPENINGS RELATED TO ART DURING THE SPANISH ERA ✓ Chinese artisans were engaged in making icons or SPANISH saints made of wood or ivory COLONIAL ART ✓ Colonial churches were built During this period, art ✓ Western musical instruments were introduced like became a handmaiden of the pipe organ, violin, guitar and piano religion, serving to ✓ Catholic liturgical music was introduced in 1742 propagate the ✓ Kundiman became popular as an expression of Catholic Faith in support of unrequited love for a beautiful woman. the colonial order as well. ✓ Folk dances such as the carinosa, pandanggo, Formal Painting, Sculpture polka, dansa and rigodon, habanera, and tango and Architecture inspired were introduced. by the Byzantine, Gothic, ✓ Visual Arts and paintings about Catholic Baroque art styles were devotion like the heaven, earth and hell introduced in this period. became popular. UPRISING OF PHILIPPINE ARTIST In the formation of the elite Filipino class, the Ilustrados, paved the way for the rich locals to study abroad to acquire a more “academic” and “western” approach of learning. As a result, the Filipino Classicism was formed as influenced by the Neo- Classicism, Romanticism and even a hint of Impressionism. DAMIAN DOMINGO Recognized as the first Filipino to paint his face, Damian Domingo created the first Self-Portrait in the Philippines. He is the founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, the first school of drawing in the Philippines (1821). He is also one of the known artist of the decorative art illustrations tipos del pais watercolor paintings that depict local costumes. JUAN LUNA is the first of the two Internationally renowned artist in the country. He was a Filipino painter, sculptor, and a political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century. His Spoliarium won the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts. FELIX Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho RESURRECCION HIDALGO is one of the greatest Filipino painters along with fellow painter Juan Luna in the 19th century. His work has a touch of Romanticism and aesthetics of the Neoclassicism. ART STYLES DEVELOP DURING SPANISH PERIOD MINIATURISMO art style pays attention to the embroidery and texture of the costume. LETRAS Y FIGURAS art style fuses letters with figures in every day activity amidst a common background. This is usually used in painting a patron’s full name. ART NOUVEAU is a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in Western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I and was characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms.. AMERICAN COLONIAL ART n the American regime, art illustration, advertising and commercial design gained popularity and were incorporated in Fine Arts. Painting themes still largely favored Genre Paintings, Landscapes and Still Life while Portraits are reserved for high ranking officials with a more academic approach to make the subject more formal. FABIAN DELA ROSA He is the brightest name in Philippine painting after Juan Luna and certainly the leading Master of Genre in the first quarter of the century. His nephews are artists, Pablo and Fernando Amorsolo FERNANDO AMORSOLO He is a portraitist and a painter of rural landscapes. He is best known for his craftsmanship and mastery in the use of light. His art styles are influenced by Impressionism, Luminism, Realism with subjects inspired by Philippine genre and history, nudes, and society portraits. Fernando Amorsolo is the first awardee of National Artist Award in 1972 GUILLERMO TOLENTINO is the recipient of the National Artist Award for Sculpture in 1973. He is considered as the "Father of Philippine Arts" because of his great works like the famous "Bonifacio Monument" symbolizing Filipinos’ cry for freedom and "The Oblation" in the University of the Philippines, signifying academic freedom. It is also important to note that during this period, the Triumvirate of Philippine Modern Art emerged, which paved the way to the Philippine Pre-Modern Art. They are Victorio Edades, Carlos “Botong” Francisco and Galo B. Ocampos. The latter introduced the Modern Art styles in such as pop art, maximalism, minimalism, abstraction, expressionism, constructivism, magic realism, and environmental art before the World War II. FAMOUS ARTISTS AND ARTWORKS DURING THE JAPANESE ERA 1. Felipe de Leon’s Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas is a music composition by National Artist Felipe de Leon that was declared as JAPANESE ERA the anthem for the said period, showing allegiance to the nation The Japanese are known to have reared in East Asia, where Japan was actively asserting its political advocated the culture of the power. East Asia, giving importance to 2. Fernando Amorsolo’s paintings entitled Harvest Scene, Rice the indigenous art and Planting, Bombing of the Intendencia, and Ruins of Manila traditions of the Philippines. The Cathedral. Japanese forces sought to create a Pan-Asian identity that rejected Western traditions. Genre Paintings that were mostly produced were about the normal daily life and neutral relationship between Filipinos and the Japanese. ❑ Writers and artists of the Modern Era in the Philippine Art started posing questions of national identity as the main theme of various art forms during this period POST- ❑ The support of the Philippine Government for the COLONIAL ERA arts via the creation of the Cultural Center of the it was suggested that this was Philippines during 1969, gave a venue for all artists actually the point where Philippine Modern Art Period to experiment and explore different medium of art, started but went only full swing including content, subject matter, form, techniques only after the war. This is set by and themes that were at that time considered as the creation of the Art Association of the Philippines “new”. (AAP), which has a strong ❑ Modern artists did not aim to copy and idealize leaning with the Modernist than reality. Instead, they changed the colors, flatten the the Conservatives (the traditional art also termed as picture and depicted what ought to be ugly and the Amorsolo School). unpleasant rather than the beautiful and pastoral. ❑ Abstraction that consists of simplified forms became popular as well during this period. VICENTE MANANSALA NENA SAGUIL “THE BEGGARS” “CARGADORES” “TUBA DRINKERS” ❑ Characterized by the artist’s intent to portray a subject as it exists in the world, the Modern Art Aesthetics during this period were according to the CONTEMPORARY artist’s unique perspective and are typified by a PERIOD rejection of accepted or traditional styles and values. The Philippine Contemporary Art, from 1980s to present, was on the onset of the sudden rise ❑ On the other hand, the Post-Modern Art Aesthetics of personal computers and new is a body of art movements that sought to contradict technology, which created a some aspects of modernism or some aspects that new art medium for the arts and human expression. But there emerged or developed in its aftermath. In general, were also countless revivals of movements such as intermedia, installation art, old styles being done. This conceptual art and multimedia, particularly involving started a new direction for the arts thus, setting the name, video are described as postmodern. momentarily, to the Philippine Contemporary Period. Characteristics Of Contemporary Art Contemporary art is the work of artists who are living in the 21st century. Contemporary art is collaborative and interactive Contemporary art mirrors contemporary culture and society, offering the general audiences a rich resource for current ideas and allowing them to rethink the familiar. The work of contemporary artists is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts, and subjects that challenges traditional boundaries and defies easy definition. In fact, contemporary art can be seen as something that breaks the norms and rules as the works of art are “radical” and “interdisciplinary” Characteristics Of Contemporary Art Appropriation is an example of Contemporary Art where the process of creating art involves the use of a pre-existing image or something that is from another context, and then combining it with new ones. Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform organizing principle, ideology, or - ism. In a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world, contemporary artists give voice to the varied and changing cultural landscape of identity, values, and beliefs. It even professes an awareness of local heritage that can be passed on from one generation to the next. Contemporary audiences play an active role in the process of constructing meaning about works of art. FUNCTIONS OF CONTEMPORARY ART Contemporary Art for Pleasure Art provides a venue for escape from everyday concerns. Whether contemporary art is created to be appreciated or simply for decoration, the idea of creating it provides satisfaction for those yearning for pleasurable experiences. Contemporary Art as Profession Creative ideas are never free—these ideas possess value and are deemed more valuable when they are transformed into a tangible art work, more so, if they are commercialized and contains content that upholds one’s culture. Contemporary Art as Commentary Art is used as a form of communication between the artist and the audience. It is used to answer our need for information through the subject used by the artist. FUNCTIONS OF CONTEMPORARY ART Contemporary Art in Spirituality Art is created as an expression of one’s faith and spiritual beliefs in the Supreme Being. Contemporary Art as Remembrance Art serves as a tribute to someone who has gone before us or as commemoration of something like an event that has shaped our history. Contemporary Art as Self Expression Art is used to convey the artist’s ideas, emotions, character or world-view.
