Cpar Exam PDF

WHAT IS ART ​ The Manila Metropolitan Theater is an Art Deco building designed by Art is a tool for communication. Whether it is a painting or a performance, as the Filipino architect Juan M. Arellano, and built in 1935. long as it is a venue f...

WHAT IS ART ​ The Manila Metropolitan Theater is an Art Deco building designed by Art is a tool for communication. Whether it is a painting or a performance, as the Filipino architect Juan M. Arellano, and built in 1935. long as it is a venue for one to convey or express thoughts, emotions, or aspirations, it is considered art. ​ Art offers us the chance to learn and understand artists and the regions where they belong through their words ​ WHY PEOPLE CREATE ART - Art, unlike food and shelter, is not necessary for humans to live. ​ WHAT MAKES US CREATE AND PERFORM? - Art is one of the earliest and most basic forms of communication. ​ Victorio Edades shocked the Filipinos by selling different styles in his VISUAL ARTS - Visual arts is a term used to describe a wide array of artistic painting. He used dull and dark hues in his works depicting life of disciplines that are appreciated primarily through sight. Visual arts include the laborers, workers, and the lower sector of society. different art forms and disciplines such as: ​ FINE ARTS - the artworks we readily associate with the art. The following are the most common examples of fine arts: Drawing, Painting, Sculpture, Print, Graphic Art, Calligraphy, Architecture ​ DECORATIVE ARTS - Decorative arts, also known as decorative crafts, are artworks that are both aesthetically pleasing and functional. While the fine arts are primarily concerned with the beauty and aesthetics, the decorative arts are not only beautiful but are useful as well. There are 13 MODERNISTS - who engaged their classical compatriots in heated debate a multitude of examples of decorative arts, most common of which over the nature and function of art. are:Textile Art, Glassware, Jewelry, Furniture, Earthenware, Metal Craft, ​ Galo B. Ocampo Interior Design ​ Carlos V. Francisco (National Artist, 1973) CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS - Contemporary art forms include recently ​ Vicente Manansala (National Artist, 1981) conceived art styles and techniques that are avant-garde or experimental in ​ Hernando R. Ocampo (National Artist, 1991) nature. ​ Cesar Legaspi (National Artist, 1990) CONTEMPORARY ARTS FORMS AND PRACTICES FROM ​ Demetrio Diego ​ Diosdado Lorenzo THE REGION IN THE PHILIPPINES ​ Jose Pardo VISUAL ARTS – are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, ​ Ricarte Purugganan printmaking, graphic design, crafts, photography, video, film-making, and ​ Bonifacio Cristobal architecture. ​ Arsenio Capili ​ Anita Magsaysay-Ho ​ It focuses on the creation of works that are primarily visual in nature. ​ Victorio Edades There were Filipinos who studied abroad and influenced the art making in the country: During the American period, the form of Visual Arts shifted from rural to ​ Juan Arellano, Diosdado Lorenzo, and Victorio Edades went back in urban themes. the Philippines and Introduced the concept of Modern Art ​ Artist creates artwork depicting the aftermath of the WWII, social issues, and economic problems ​ Art Association of the Philippines by Purita Kalaw-Ledesma and the Philippine Art Gallery by Lydia Villanueva Arguilla were the institutions influenced by modern art, and this supports the modern art movement  Hernando Ocampo, Constanio Bernardo, Federico Aguilar Alcuaz, Arturo Luz, and Jose Joya are the known abstractionist ​ The Art Association of the Philippines (1948) aims to "advance and foster, and promote the interests of those who work in the visual arts.“ In Sculpture, Napoleon Abueva became famous for his modern work. He ​ Philippine Art Gallery (1950) guiding principles: “We believe that if local made use of different materials like various items such as, metal, brass, and/or art is to flourish, the support should come, not so much from others as wood from ourselves… We believe that art should be part of life and living, that ​ Napoleon Abueva "Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture“ the civilized person should go into an art gallery in the same way that he ​ National Artist for Visual Arts in 1976. goes into a bookshop—to buy something he can take home, enjoy, and live with.” Different styles and mediums are employed in art making. During this period, Paris Cubism was introduced.Kind of cubism showing fragmented figures in large planes, color harmonies and textures ​ Cubism (abstract structure) is an early 20th century movement which was brought by Europeans. Art during this period of reflects dynamics and freedom of expression and concern to the masses ​ Ang Kiukok painted in expressionist cubistic style. (STILL LIFE) ​ National Artist for Visual Arts in 2001 Vincent Manansala, Romeo Tabuena, Cesar Legaspi were 3 of the known cubist artists in their times. ​ Vicente Manansala (National Artist 1981) ​ Cesar Legaspi (National Artist 1990) Bencab worked with realism and experimental devices ​ Benedicto Cabrera or Bencab National Artist in Visual Arts 2006 Sculptors like Ramon Orlina and Impy Pilapil explored the use of Glass The Committee on Visual Arts (CVA) launched an education program that tends to convene artists annually in the country through their regional and national Congress. CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGION PERFORMANCE ART - a mix of visual arts and performing arts. Its early incarnations were the Happenings of the Dada movement in 1916. The medium used in performance art is the artist himself, and the artwork is the acting and Galo Ocampo and Juvenal Sanso were known Surrealist artists at that time the movements of the artist. Music and sound are often incorporated in the performance. Words and dialogues are not given as much focus compared to the movements. ​ PERFORMING ARTS - Performing arts uses the body of a human to express an ART. It has many forms but all are meant to be enacted in front of a live audience. MUSIC - Contemporary Art is defined as all artworks that are produced in our present lifetime. Popular art forms in conveying nationalistic messages like comics, posters, ​ BALLAD - is traditionally a song that narrates an event in a community. and cartoons are used by social realistic art. There are many examples of traditional ballads throughout the ​ Magic Realism also entered the scene. Example of this is the Bigas Philippines. The style varies from region to region and from one ethnic artwork by Nestor Leynes tribe to another. ○​ A popular example of a traditional ballad would be Yoyoy Villame’s (1932-2007) “Magellan” ​ CHAMBER MUSIC - is a form of instrumental music composed by a small ensemble wherein each part is played by one player, as opposed to an orchestra where a part is performed by a group of musicians. ​ CHORAL MUSIC - is a musical composition intended to be performed by a group of singers called a choir. The choir is arranged according to voice categories such as soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. The use of indigenous materials become a trend in sculptures and ○​ The Madz is one of the most awarded choral groups in the installation art to promote environmental awareness Philippines and in the whole world. ​ Junyee, Robert Villauneva, and Robert Fleo are the artists sed indigenous ​ LITURGICAL MUSIC - are songs intended for Christian church materials services. Its early form was inspired by Jewish chants during their religious rituals.  ​ OPERA - is a combination of both music and theater. It is a sung ○​ STAGE SHOW – BODABIL (modern-day variety show). They drama that entails collaborative efforts of influence contemporary theater through the introduction of the singers,dancers,composers,choreographers, etc. study and appreciation of plays through the educational system. ​ POP MUSIC - Popular music or pop music is used to describe music that ​ MODERN PLAY - a style that is an abstract form of art and is not as is readily available to the broad populace. It is an umbrella term that particular about the realistic portrayal or representation compared to encompasses a multitude of different genres of music such as RB, Rap, the classical style Rock, Hip hop, Dance, etc. ○​ PUPPET -is a sample theater art form that uses materials that ○​ Early examples of Filipino pop were Fred Panopio’s (1939 – are placed in their hands while giving such sound coming from 2010) the manipulator. ​ PROTEST SONGS - are songs that bring to light injustices and ○​ ABSURD - the absurd is a genre of modern play that inequality in society. These seek to inspire nationalism and heroism deliberately exaggerates the events and situations to from their listeners. emphasize a point. Originated from the west. Was performed in ○​ "Bayan Ko" is one of the most popular and recognizable the country by the students of Ateneo de Manila 1967 with the examples of a protest song. play “Ang Paghihintay kay Godot”. ○​ THE STAGE SHOW OR BODABIL - is a theatrical presentation DANCE of various acts and performances. These performances may be a ​ AEROBIC - is a dance routine made into an exercise program. It is production of the following: comedy skits, circus acts, musical usually accompanied by upbeat pop music. and dance numbers, acrobatics, magic shows, and the like. ​ BALLET - is both a dance and theater art. It is a style and dance ​ CHILDREN’S THEATER - plays that are either performed by children technique that follows a strict set of moves and performance. or by adults for children. The primary audience is children. Intended to ​ FOLK DANCE - is the different dances performed by various cultural educate, inspire, and encourage creativity and value formation. groups throughout the country. ○​ MGA KUWENTO NI LOLA BASYANG. ​ STREET DANCE - is a term used to describe vernacular dances or NATIONAL ARTIST dances that developed organically within a community. ➔​ Deserving individuals must have been recommended by both the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the National Commission on THEATER - Ultimate art and Collaborative art form that combines the various Culture and the Arts prior to receiving the award ➔​ Such people tare then titled, by virtue of a Presidential Proclamation disciplines of art such as literature, visual arts, music, and dance. Philippines ➔​ CATEGORIES: music, dance, theater, contemporary arts, literature, film is known to produce world-class theatre artists and playwrights.An art that is part and broadcasting/broadcasting arts, architecture, design and allied arts of the country’s cultural heritage from pre colonial time up to the present. CRITERIA - the National Artist of the Philippines are based on a broad criteria, ​ INDIGENOUS THEATRE - came in the form of rituals and was often as set forth by the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the National combined and accompanied by music and dance. Often headed by a Commission on Culture and the Arts priest or priestess who leads the community in its ceremonies. Performed ​ Filipino citizen for the last ten years prior to nomination as well as with musical chanting and accompanied by instrumentation and those who have died after the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death tribal dances. ​ Artists who have helped build a Filipino sense of nationhood through ​ THEATRE IN SPANISH COLONIZATION - came during the Spanish the content and form of their work colonization. Used to spread Christianity through retelling the stories ​ Artists who have distinguished themselves by pioneering in a mode of from the Bible. creative expression or style, making an impact on succeeding ○​ In the 1880s, sarswelas (a play that showcased love stories generations of artists and stories about struggles of everyday life) were a popular ​ Artists who have created a significant body of works and have consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art form, form of entertainment enriching artistic expression or style ​ THEATRE IN AMERICAN COLONIZATION - Americans brought other ​ Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through prestigious theater forms that continued to enrich and evolve Philippine Theater. national/international recognition awards in prestigious national/international events, critical acclaim/reviews of their works, and respect and esteem from peers within an artistic discipline  BENEFITS: N.A. for DANCE: 1.​ Rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the FRANCISCO REYES-AQUINO (1973): Philippines ​ “Folk Dance Pioneer of the Country” 2.​ Insignia of a National Artist and a citation ​ “Philippine Dances and Games” was the title of her research. The 3.​ Lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable in research contains the country’s unrecorded celebrations , folk value to those received by the highest officers of the land such as: dances, rituals, and games. a.​ Cash reward of P100,000 net of taxes, for living awardee ​ In 1940, she served as the supervisor of PE b.​ Cash award of P75,000 net of taxes, for posthumous (dead) ​ Her other books: Fundamental Dance Steps and Music, Gymnastic for awardees, payable to legal heir/s Girls c.​ Monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits ​ Philippine National Dances, and Philippine Folk dances Vol I-VI d.​ Life insurance coverage for awardees who are still insurable ​ Former President Ramon Magsaysay awarded her the Republic Award e.​ State and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani Merit f.​ Place of honor, in line with protocol precedence, at national state functions, and recognition at cultural events N.A. for THEATER: HONORATA DELA RAMA (1987) NATIONAL ARTISTS IN THE PHILIPPINES: ​ a.k.a. “Atang” Dela Rama N.A. FOR MUSIC: ​ “Queen of Kundiman” ANTONIO MOLINA (1973) ​ First actress to portray a 15 y.o. in the very first tagalog film “Dalagang ​ Use of folk music in his work. Uses folk instruments like the kulintang Bukid” and gabbang. ​ For her, kundiman and sarswela mirrors the Filipino people. “The ​ He composed 300 works and two-thirds of which used traditional sarswela and the kundiman expresses best the Filipino soul.” music ​ Popularized kundiman and other songs such as “Kung Iibigin Ka,” “Ay ​ (Orchestra) Ang Batingaw Choral Symphony, Kundiman-Kundangan, the Ay Kalisud,” and “Mutya ng Pasig” living world WILFRIDO MA. GUERRERO (1997) ​ (Chamber Music) Hating Gabi, String Quartet, Kung sa Iyong Gunita ​ Director of UP Dramatic Club for 16 years since 1947. ​ (Keyboard) Malikmata, We were Moonlight, Dancing fool ​ Introduced and popularized Philippine theater by establishing the UP ​ (Vocal) Amihan, Awit ni Maria Clara, Larawan Nitong Pilipinas Mobile Theater ​ Came from Musician Family (Orquestra Molina) ​ Delivered 2500 performances within 19 years ​ Studied Law in UST ​ A Chaperon, Condemned, Perhaps, In Unity, Three Rats, The Forsaken ANTONIO BUENAVENTURA (1988) house, Frustrations. ​ Popularized Philippine folk songs and dances. Based on the folksongs DAISY AVELLANA (1999) of different Ethnic groups. ​ She co-founded the Barangay Theatre Guild, together with her husband, ​ Works several marches and symphonies and orchestral music National Artist Lamberto Avellana, in 1939. composition ​ First Lady of the Philippine Theater ​ (Marches) History of Fantasy, Triumphal march, Echoes of the Past, ​ Her portrayal of Candida Marasigan of “Portrait of the Artist as Second Symphony in E-Flat, Ode to Freedom Filipino” (1955) by Nick Joaquin was highly remembered ​ (Orchestra) Prelude and Fugue in G minor, Philippine Triumphant, Symphony in C major, Mindanao Sketches N.A. for FILM AND BROADCASTING: ​ Conductor of the Philippine Army Band. “The only band that can ISHMAEL BERNAL (2001) sound like a symphony orchestra.” ​ Maynila: Sa Kuko ng Liwanag, Bona, and Makiusap Ka sa Diyos LUCRECIA KASILAG (1989) ​ “Genius of the Philippine Cinema” ​ Fusing Western influences to Philippine ethnic music ​ Himala, Nunal sa Tubig, Pahiram ng Isang Umaga, Broken Marriage ​ Toccata for Percussion and winds, Divertissement and concertante ​ Filiasiana, De Profundis, and Masing Pilipino N.A. for VISUAL ARTS: ​ Legend of Sarimanok, Philippine Scenes, Her Son, Ang Pamana, Jose, NAPOLEON ABUEVA (1976) Sisa, Awit ng mga Awit Psalms, Fantasie on a 4- note theme and East ​ Nine Muses, Kaganapan, Station of the Cross, Sunburst, and the meets jazz ethnic Transfiguration ​ Was the music director of the Bayanihan Dance Company BENEDICTO CABRERA (2006) ​ BenCab ​ The most popular subject of his painting was “Sabel” ABDULMARI ASIA IMAO (2006) PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION POINTERS TO REVIEW: ​ Visual Artist from Sulu VISUAL ARTS ​ Brass Mural of the Philippine National Bank, Industrial Mural of the Central Bank of the Philippines, and Mural Relief ​ PAINTINGS THEM ​ FINE ART ​ DECORATIVE ARTS AND CRAFTS N.A. for ARCHITECTURE: ○​ POTTERY LEANDRO LOCSIN (1990) ○​ CARVING ​ Philippine International Convention Center, Cultural Center of the ○​ WEAVING Philippines, and Istana Nurul Iman ○​ SCULPTURE ​ FREE-STANDING N.A. for LITERATURE: ​ CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS NICK JOAQUIN (1976) ○​ COLLAGE ​ Playwright, poet, novelist, short story writer, and a journalist ○​ ASSEMBLAGE ​ Doña Geronima, The Order of Melchizedek, The Ballad of Five Battles, ​ MODERN ART ​ CONTEMPORARY ART Rizal in Saga ​ CUBISM ART ​ Cave, and Shadows, and The Woman, Who Have Two Navels ​ ABSTRACT ART PERFORMING ARTS MULTIMEDIA: EMMANUAL S. TORRES ​ PERFORMANCE ART ​ Founding curator of the Ateneo Art Gallery and a former professor at ​ THEATER the Department of English. ○​ SARSWELA ○​ BODABIL ​ His published works include three poetry collections and numerous ○​ CHILDREN’S THEATER monographs and essays on art. ​ MGA KWENTO NI LOLA BASYANG ​ He was named one of the Ten Outstanding Young Men in 1961 and ​ PUPPET ​ DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE received the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature four ​ TULA-DULA times, all for his poetry. ​ MODERN PLAY ​ His art book Kayamanan: 77 Paintings from The Central Bank Collection ​ DANCE (1981) received the Manila Critics Circle and Gintong Aklat awards in ○​ AEROBICS ○​ BALLET 1982. ​ MUSIC ​ Held in high esteem by the arts and humanities community both locally ○​ OPERA and internationally, Professor Torres had also been a member of ○​ PROTEST SONGS committees on art exhibits around the world. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ARTISTS IMPY PILAPIL 1.​ ANTONIO MOLINA✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ 2.​ ANTONIO BUENAVENTURA ​ Multimedia artist – sculptor, serigraphist, muralist, and stage 3.​ FRANCISCA REYES-AQUINO designer. She works and moves through various media (stone, glass, 4.​ JUAN ARELLANO steel, wood & paper) without the burden of hesitation or loss of 5.​ 6.​ BENEDICTO CABRERA ABDULMARI ASIA IMAO ✔️✔️ ✔️ ✔️ identity. 7.​ EMMANUEL TORRES ​ The evolution of her work has progressed towards large-scale relief and 8.​ NICK JOAQUIN free-standing sculptures, which has made her name synonymous with 9.​ ✔️ NAPOLEON ABUEVA ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ 10.​ IMPY PILAPIL monumental art commissions. Pilapil’s art centers around themes of 11.​ WILFRIDO MA. GUERRERO solace, tranquility and the spirit. 12.​ DAISY AVELLANA ✔️✔️ 13.​ HONORATA DELA RAMA 14.​ LEANDRO LOCSIN 15.​ ISHMAEL BERNAL 16.​ LUCRECIA KASILAG✔ CONTEMPORARY VISUAL ARTS B.​ HISTORICAL THEME ★​ FINE ARTS The majority of the contemporary art produced in the Philippines are paintings, sculpture, drawings and sketches. 1.​ Paintings and Illustrations Filipino Struggles through History by Carlos “Botong” Francisco -​ Displayed in Manila City Hall​ example: Blood Compact, First Mass at Limasawa C.​ PORTRAITURE Courier Express (2013) by Japs Antido -​ Paintings are defined as two-dimensional, flat image form that showcase artistic expression on a flat surface. -​ Commemorate personalities -​ Images made by applying pigment: brush, palette knife, spray, finger, etc. Early paintings are religious in nature ★​ PAINTING THEMES -​ Seen in many formal institutions -​ academic style, artistic style espoused by the European art academies of the 1800s; depiction of idealized and classical beauty to that of the stark realism and abstraction of many modernist and contemporary styles. A.​ RELIGIOUS THEME by Daryl de Leon Descallar D.​ STILL LIFE -​ inanimate object -​ bowl of fruits and flower vases in the table -​ most notable and earliest still life was Paz Paterno Ang Kiukok, STILL LIFE (2001) Hapag ng Pag-asa by Joel Velasco In the present, many religious-themed paintings can be seen in the mural of many churches and with social commentaries. E.​ LANDSCAPES G.​ GENRE -​ depict the beauty of the outdoors -​ people doing everyday activities and chores -​ natural environment; -​ countryside, other rural scenery, seascapes, bodies of water Mauro Malang Santos 2. SCULPTURES -​ three-dimensional Country Life (1950) by Woman with Jar (1974) by​ The classifications of sculptures Diosdado M. Lorenzo Diosdado M. Lorenzo are traditionally divided into two, namely, free-standing and relief. F.​ NUDE Free standing sculptures, also -​ naked body as a subject of painting known as in the round, are sculptures that are raised independently in their given space. It can be often observed from all points of view. Reliefs are raised from a background. -​ Bas-reliefs : slightly protruding from background -​ High-reliefs : prominently raised Lavandera Series of Fernando Amorsolo - made by either adding or subtracting materials  ★​ DECORATIVE ARTS AND CRAFTS ★​ CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS 1.​ POTTERY I.​ COLLAGE -​ making pots and other wares using clay or mud. -​ method of combining printed images with other flat -​ survived for centuries media and pasting them on a canvas or board. -​ Early pottery artifacts have shown the skills and -​ this contemporary art method first came about in the artistry of our pottery makers. early 1900s as part of the experimentation of the Vigan, Ilocos Sur high-temperature pottery called burnay, cubists Picasso and Braque. container for salt, water, wine, etc. II.​ ASSEMBLAGE -​ Studio pottery is a handmade one-of-a-kind -​ term used by French artist Jean Dubuffet in 1952 to describe ceramic : Ugu Bigyan of Tiaong, Quezon a series of artworks made from paper collages, wood (popular tourist attraction) scraps, and other found objects. 2.​ CARVING -​ although it started with small scale pieces, recent -​ Manipulating and creating objects by subtracting and shaping development in this contemporary art form has included solid material such as wood and stone larger objects and discards. -​ Filipino are excellent carvers III.​ MOBILE Ifugao’s rice god or the bulul is represented through carved wood -​ The mobile is a sculptural work that is suspended from throughout their daily wares. the ceiling or a protruding base. Muslims okir carved geometric patterns and stylized images of -​ It is typically made with a number of balancing rods plants and animals. dangling in different lengths carrying one or more Popular decorative motifs are the sarimanok and the naga elements 3.​ WEAVING IV.​ PERFORMANCE ART -​ art of interlacing threads or fibers to create textile, fabric, or -​ Performance art is a mix of visual arts and other similar products. performing arts. Its early incarnations were the -​ Philippine textiles are often made from indigenous plants Happenings of the Dada movement in 1916. such as piña, abaca, maguey, and cotton -​ The medium used in performance art is the artist -​ Traditional weaving methods can still be seen in the different himself, and the artwork is the acting and the towns in the Ilocos Region. movements of the artist. -​ blanket : binakol and pinilian -​ Music and sound are often incorporated in the -​ Ikat : dyeing process to achieve desired pattern performance. Words and dialogues are not given as -​ Tagbanua colonial cover : basag much focus compared to the movements. 4.​ METALWORK V.​ INSTALLATION ART -​ creating and manipulating metal to create various items -​ involves the arrangement of objects in a given space. such as jewelry, weapons, etc -​ It is associated with conceptual art and the Dada -​. Based on archaeological records and recovered artifacts, movement. the Filipinos were skilled metalworkers -​ brassware