OOB and Guideline PDF

OOB and Guideline  Guideline 2,   1. Refractive power ranging from -0.25DS to +0.75DS should not be prescribed or dispersed to patients under 16 years old. Prescription for + lens only for accommodation problems and oculomotor balance problems 2. Should assist patient in selecting...

OOB and Guideline  Guideline 2,   1. Refractive power ranging from -0.25DS to +0.75DS should not be prescribed or dispersed to patients under 16 years old. Prescription for + lens only for accommodation problems and oculomotor balance problems 2. Should assist patient in selecting appropriate frames and lenses that met minimum requirement of the patient as well as suitable for spectacle prescription 3. All measurement necessary for proper setting and fitting frames and lenses are accurately taken with careful consideration of lens height, fitting plane and centration 4. Shall not dispense spectacles without verifying its prescription or ophthalmic record, or without eye examination 5. Advice for proper eye examination before duplicating spectacles (6 months/1year) 6. No glass lenses to children unless fully explain relevant safety issues to patients   Guideline 3,   1. Any optometrist who edges ophthalmic lenses shall take into consideration key parameters of the lenses (e.g. optical centration, fitting heights, etc.). 2. Where an optometrist has access to equipment or instrumentation that is relevant to the edging of ophthalmic lenses, the optometrist is expected to maintain the equipment and instrumentation in good working order.   Benefits of Well-Fitting Frames:   a. Comfort. b. Effective vision correction. c. Minimum aberrations & prismatic effect.   Frame requirement for different lens type:   a. Enable lenses to function properly. b. Not make lenses thick or heavy for high ametropes.   Balancing facial shape - Enhance attractiveness of the wearer. a. Avoid repeating the shape you see. (E.g. triangular face = Oval frame)   A screenshot of a computer screen Description automatically generated   Horizontal Alignment - one lens higher than the other Correction: heat the bridge and force one side up and the other down   Vertical Alignment - one lens appears to be farther forward or backward than the other Correction: heat the bridge and press on the side father forward/backward   X-ing - twisted bridge Correction: heat the bridge and in grasping the frame, the wrists move in opposite directions   Temple Alignment - angle of open temple is asymmetric (not symmetric) Correction: heat the end piece and while still hot, hold the frame by the lens and eyewire while pushing/pulling the endpiece back with the thumb. Correction of angle is between 90-95 degrees   Pantoscopic angle - temple not parallel Correction: close the temple a few degrees. Angle the temple by grasping it with the other hand near the butt area and forcing it up or down   Downward and Inward angle of drop - temple ends not bend down equally / inward bends is asymmetrical Correction: heat the right earpiece at the temple bend and slightly lift up and pull out at the region of the bend to match the angle of the left side   Temple fold angle - angles of temple crossed is asymmetrical / not parallel Correction: Angling pliers grasp the top and bottom of the hinge screw and are used to do the actual bending   3 Positions of Wear, - Vertex distance (approx. 12mm-15mm) - Pantoscopic tilt ([8^*o*^ − 10^*o*^)]{.math.inline} a. No tilt - Orthoscopic. b. Rejected if there\'s Retroscopic. - Face form (Positive) a. More Frame PD, Less Patient PD. b. Wrap angle approx. [6^*o*^ − 8^*o*^]{.math.inline} Common frame repair: a. Rimlon - Broken spring. b. Spring hinge - Screws. c. Adjustable nose pads. d. Inserting lens washer. i. Transferring lens. Sustainability in Ophthalmic Lens   Sustainability - Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (earth.org)   Recycling materials for Frame production:   1. Dresden Vision - Australia a. Recycled/ Recyclable materials.   1. Proof Eyewear - US a. Sustainably-source woods. b. Biodegradable cotton-based acetate. c. Recycled aluminium.   1. Owndays - Japan a. Castor plant.   Planting trees to offset carbon footprint:   1. Ballo - South Africa 2. Monocle - Singapore Efforts by Manufacturers:   1\. Electricity - Renewable energy through solar panels and green energy suppliers. - investing in energy-efficient infrastructure (e.g. lighting, insulation, heating system, cooling system).   1. Water consumption - using dry-edging instead of wet-edging. - circulation of water in manufacturing process. \* * 1. Plastic waste - with technology, reduction of plastic used in manufacturing of each lens.   1. Others - sea shipping vs air shipping. - recycling of plastics, cardboxes. - proper waste disposal. Lens Coating  Sources of Reflection: i. Camera flash. ii. Computer screen. iii. Overhead light. iv. Window light.   Effects on Wearers: i. Light transmission is reduced (Light lost from reflection). ii. Cosmetically unappealing. Principle of AR Coating:   i. Path condition: 2 waves exactly out of phrase. a. [\$AR\\ Coat\\ Thickness\\ = \\ \\frac{\\lambda}{4n}\$]{.math.inline} b. [*λ* = *wavelength* *of* *light*,  *n* = *refractive* *index* *of* *the* *coating*]{.math.inline}   i. Amplitude condition: 2 waves equal in strength. a. [\$Refractive\\ Index\\ of\\ AR\\ Coat = \\sqrt{\\text{nl}}\$]{.math.inline} b. [*nl* = *Refractive* *Index* *of* *the* *lens*]{.math.inline}   Lens Coating: i. Multi-coat, a. Anti-reflection increases with high index & flatter lenses. b. Hard coat - scratch resistance. c. UV coating - enhance UV protection. Damages from Chemicals, Heat & Cleaning Habit. i. Anti-fog, a. Prevent formation of condensation or fog. b. Reduce surface tension - Moisture spread evenly. c. Permanent coat - More durable & long-lasting. d. Temporary coat - Less expensive & can be reapplied. ii. Polarizer, a. Reduce glare. b. Tests to check: LCD Screen, Reflection, Compare with Polarized lens     Lens Treatment: i. Keep their spectacles in their cases when not in use to prevent dropping and knocking on hard surfaces ii. Avoid high heat places like BBQ pits and car dashboard to prevent crazing iii. Use mild hand soap instead of chemicals like alcohol to clean their lenses iv. Only use microfiber to clean or shine their lenses.   Lens Surfacing:   i. Conventional - Standard mould to grind prescription into lenses.   i. Free Form - Fabricated with compute-controlled surfacing equipment. a. High definition lenses b. Widest field of view c. Sharper image quality d. Better peripheral vision   Blue Light: i. Visible light Shortest wavelength + Highest energy. ii. Blue light coating - Reduce blue light. a. Reflecting coat - bluish, block 10% blue light. b. Absorbing coat - yellow or amber embedded tint, block 35% blue light.