US History 1st Semester Exam Study Guide PDF

US History 1st Semester Exam Study Guide Industrialization and Reform- Chapter 13, 14 , 15, & 16 1.​ What impact did the Bessemer process have? It made steel cheaper and easier to access. 2.​ How did access to electricity change American industry? It increased the product...

US History 1st Semester Exam Study Guide Industrialization and Reform- Chapter 13, 14 , 15, & 16 1.​ What impact did the Bessemer process have? It made steel cheaper and easier to access. 2.​ How did access to electricity change American industry? It increased the production of many things and allowed people to work for longer. 3.​ Define the term monopoly. It is total control of an industry. 4.​ How did John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil grow to become a monopoly? They used trusts and were in the railroad business. 5.​ The principle of laissez-faire promotes what economic policy? It is minimal government interference. 6.​ Why were the late-1800s often referred to as the Gilded Age? The era of wealth and industrial growth. 7.​ What did the Pullman Strike, Haymarket Affair, and Homestead Strike have in common? They were violent labor conflicts. 8.​ What were the threats of living in tenements in the slums? There was unsanitary housing in the city. 9.​ Why were many children forced to work throughout the 1800s? Families needed extra income. 10.​ What was the workers' main strategy for improving their working conditions? Workers formed unions and went on strike. 11.​ What were the push and pull factors of immigration? They were poverty and jobs.  12.​ What was the main function of the compound on Ellis Island? It was an immigration processing center. 13.​ Why were many nativists upset by an influx of immigrants? They thought immigrants would take jobs. 14.​ The result of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was Banned Chinese immigration 15.​ What did Upton Sinclair expose to readers with his 1906 novel “The Jungle”? It exposed unsanitary meat packing conditions. 16.​ Why did the arrival of industry spur rapid urbanization in America? The factories created jobs. 17.​ A political machine is an organization of politicians that: Controlled local government through corruption. 18.​ Why did many immigrants live in ethnic neighborhoods? They did it so they could preserve culture. 19.​ What was the purpose of grandfather clauses in the South? It prevented black people from voting. 20.​What effect did child labor laws have on school enrollment? It increased school enrollment. 21.​ What were the main goals of the NAACP during the Progressive Era? They fought people's rights. The Progressive Reform Era – Chapter 17 & 18 22.​In the 1900s, what was the progressives' main goal? It was to fix issues in industrialization. 23.​During the 1900s, how were African Americans in the South being treated? They faced segregation.  24.​Booker T. Washington believed that for African Americans to gain respect and get ahead, they had to Focus on education. 25.​How did Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson work to protect the environment? He created parks and some laws. 26.​Why did President Wilson establish the Federal Reserve System? It stabilized the banking system. 27.​In addition to the Pure Food and Drug Act, how else did progressive presidents try to protect workers and consumers? They passed laws for food safety. 28.​Which amendment to the Constitution gave women the results they had been campaigning for? They gave women the right to vote. Imperialism – Chapter 19, 20, & 21 29.​What arguments did some Americans make in support of imperialism? To increase US power. 30.​Define the term diplomacy. Managing international relationships. 31.​ How did the United States expand their overseas markets through imperialism? They acquired new territories and trade deals. 32.​How did the outcome of the Spanish-American War change U.S. foreign policy? It shifted the US to a global power.  33.​How did yellow journalism affect the reading public? They made fake stories to influence the public's opinion. 34.​Where (in which countries) was the Spanish-American War fought? Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. 35.​Briefly describe the Spanish-American War. It was a short war in which the US gained territories. 36.​What were the provisions in the Treaty of Paris? It gave us territories and made allies. 37.​What provoked war between the United States and the Philippines in 1899? The US denied their independence. 38.​Why did the United States encourage a revolt in Panama? To build the canal. World War I – Chapter 22, 23, 24 & 25 39.​What event sparked World War I? The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 40.​What were the contributing factors to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1914? Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. 41.​ What was the result of the Zimmerman note? It pushed the US into the war. 42.​How did the U.S. government build the large fighting force it would need to enter World War I? The draft system. 43.​What effect did the Russian Revolution of 1917 have on World War I? Russia left the war. 44.​Why did trench warfare lead to a stalemate? There was no progression as armies stayed still.  45.​What power did the Sedition Act give the federal government during World War I? It punished war critics. 46.​A _________ is a government-issued certificate sold to raise money for the Allied war effort. War Bond. 47.​Why did Wilson create the War Industries Board in July 1917? To control the war. 48.​According to President Wilson, how would the League of Nations maintain peace? Through collective security. 49.​What was the ultimate fate of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States? The US Senate rejected it. 50.​How did the Allied nations seek to punish Germany for its actions? Reparations, military limits, lost territories. 51.​ What was World War I's impact on the American economy? It boosted jobs and production. The 20s – Chapter 26, 27, 28, & 29 52.​Describe the U.S. economy in the 1920s. It was booming. 53.​How did Henry Ford dramatically reduce the price of automobiles? They used the assembly line. 54.​By the mid-1920s, one in every eight Americans held a job related to the _____ industry. Automobile Industry.  55.​What contributed to the development of a consumer culture in the 1920s? It was driven by ads. 56.​Why did suburbs grow more quickly than cities in the 1920s? It was due to cars. 57.​Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington are BEST known for their contributions to which kind of music? Jazz Music. 58.​The outpouring of creativity among African American poets, writers, and artists in the 1920s is known as the: Harlem Renaissance. 59.​Which changes occurred because of mass media (radio, newspapers, etc)? Unified culture through radios. 60.​What factors contributed to the divide between rural traditionalists and urban modernists in the 1920s? Their social values. 61.​ What were traditionalists' arguments in support of prohibition? They blamed alcohol for problems. 62.​Why did many people come to oppose prohibition? It led to crime and was hard to enforce. 63.​What issue was central to the Scopes trial? There were debates. 64.​Flappers were known for: Modern women who broke tradition. 65.​What happened on Black Tuesday? The stock market crash of 1929.  66.​Why was there not a demand for all the goods being produced in the late 1920s? Factories produced more than people could buy. The Great Depression – Chapter 30, 31, 32, & 33 67.​What were the causes of the Great Depression? Stock market crash, bank failures, and overproduction. 68.​What was the main contributor to many bank failures between 1930 and 1933? Banks ran out of money. 69.​Describe the business cycle. Economic expansion, recession and recovery. 70.​What happened during the “First Hundred Days” of FDR’s presidency? FDR passed New Deal legislation. 71.​ What did liberals believe was the best economic approach in the Great Depression? Government intervention to aid the economy. 72.​What did Roosevelt mean when he promised "a new deal with the American people"? FDR’s plan to help the economy. 73.​What were the primary causes of the disaster on the Great Plains known as the Dust Bowl? It was a drought. 74.​ Why were the shantytowns on the edge of cities named after Hoover? Hoovervilles.  75.​How did New Deal programs like the Civilian Conservation Corps and the Works Progress Administration provide relief to the needy? They provided jobs and income to the unemployed. 76.​What was the objective of the Social Security Act? ​ Financial support for the elderly.