WBC Study Guide PDF

WBC Study Guide Flashcards Notes Leukocytes = WBC = White Blood Cells Basics: Purpose - Protect against disease Produced - Red Bone Marrow 5 Types of WBC Granulocytes - Shorter life span and have granular cytoplas...

WBC Study Guide Flashcards Notes Leukocytes = WBC = White Blood Cells Basics: Purpose - Protect against disease Produced - Red Bone Marrow 5 Types of WBC Granulocytes - Shorter life span and have granular cytoplasm ○ Types of WBC - Remember B.E.N. Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils ○ Signals to create Granulocyte Interleukin 3 Interleukin 5 (G-CSF) Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (or CSF, not 100% sure) P.S Remember how RBC needed EPO to combine with myeloid ○ Pretty much the WBC combines with these three to create the WBC Agranulocyte - Do not have noticeable granules ○ Types of WBC Lymphocytes Monocytes ○ Signals to create Agranulocyte Interleukin 3 Interleukin 5  (CSF) Colony-Stimulating Factor P.S Remember how RBC needed EPO to combine with myeloid ○ Pretty much the WBC combines with these three to create the WBC Abilities/Functions: Diapedesis - process by which WBC pass through capillaries walls and enter the connective tissues (image below) Cellular Adhesion - Process by which WBC interacts with neighboring molecules of cell surface Phagocytosis - Process of WBC consumes/deconstructs a cell ○ Although we always say macrophages do this, ALL WBC DO THIS Inflammatory Response - Tissues are injured and WBC run to help Positive Chemotaxis - occurs if the movement is high in concentration of the chemical in question ○ Pretty much, the process of WBC to somewhere; remember taxi (haha muy funny) Leukopoiesis Sites of Leukopoiesis: ○ Red Bone Marrow ○ Skull ○ Sternum ○ Pelvis ○ Epiphysis of long bone Monocytes Basics Abundance - 3-8% Size - Largest of the WBCs Type of WBC - Agranulocyte  Structure Kidney bean shaped nucleus Function Become macrophages when the leave the blood and enter the tissues ○ Named differently depending on location: Liver - Kupffer Brain - Microglia Lungs - Alevedar Bone - Osteoclasts Skin - Langerhans ○ Phagocytosis of pathogens Basophils Basics Abundance -.5 - 1% Size & Shape - Similar to Eosinophils Type of WBC - Granulocyte Structure Contains S-Shaped Nucleus Where tf is the S, anyways? Stains blue Function Release histamines, leukotrienes, & serotonin during inflammation process; to cause vasodilation of capillaries and causes chemotaxis of WBC. Grab and shock the blood vessel to get WBC go to site of injury Diapedesis - Process of WBC to pass through capillary wall into nearby tissue ○ Once Diapedesis happens, the WBC won’t know where to go. So it will be directed by Mast Cells to the site of injury  Contains heparin granules which are important for preventing blood clots Eosinophils Structure Granule stain red Contained bilobed (telephone shaped) nucleus Function Release major proteins and cationic peptide; kills parasitic worms ○ Involved in allergic reactions ○ Involved in asthma Neutrophils Basics Abundance - Most numerous 50-70% Best Role - Phagocytosis Structure Granulocyte with small purple granules in acid base Multi-lobulated nucleus called Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes First to arrive to site of infection/injury Function Phagocytosis of pathogen Contained granules w/ leukocytes alkaline phosphatase (LAP) ○ Performs respiratory Burst ○ Use Hydrogen peroxide to kill bacteria This process causes neutrophils to die, releasing their DNA to create a net of pathogens to get tangling them to be destroyed Hydroxyl Radical Hydrochloric Acid-Bleach ○ Destroy DNA Lymphocytes Basics:  Abundance - 20-30% Size - Slightly larger than RBCs; smallest WBCs Type of WBC - Agranulocyte Structure Large spherical nucleus surrounded by thin rim of cytoplasm T-Cells & B-Cells T-Lymphocytes ○ T-Helper (CD4+ cells) Activate B cells and turn them into plasma cells to make antibodies ○ Cytotoxic T-Cells (CD8+ cells) Induce Apoptosis Kills viral infected cells and cancer cells B-Lymphocytes ○ Become plasma cells and release antibodies Antigens & Antibodies Antigens - molecules that evoke immune response ○ If foreign antigens are in the body, antibodies will be products against the antigens Antibodies - in the body that react against antigens ○ During blood transfusion, if incorrect blood, the antibodies will attach to the donor's blood to protect it. Agglutination - Clumping of RBCs when an antibody encounters specific RBCs Blood Classification P.S. Look at the bottom for an easier summary to understand Type A A+ ○ Can Give To: A+, AB+ ○ Can Receive From: A+, A-, O+, O- A- ○ Can Give To: A-, A+, AB-, AB+ ○ Can Receive From: A-, O- 2. Type B B+ ○ Can Give To: B+, AB+ ○ Can Receive From: B+, B-, O+, O- B- ○ Can Give To: B-, B+, AB-, AB+ ○ Can Receive From: B-, O- 3. Type AB AB+ ○ Can Give To: AB+ ○ Can Receive From: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O- (Universal recipient) AB- ○ Can Give To: AB-, AB+ ○ Can Receive From: A-, B-, AB-, O- 4. Type O O+ ○ Can Give To: A+, B+, AB+, O+ ○ Can Receive From: O+, O- O- ○ Can Give To: A-, A+, B-, B+, AB-, AB+, O-, O+ (Universal donor) ○ Can Receive From: O- Summary of Universal Donor and Recipient: Universal Donor: O- Universal Recipient: AB+ Punnett Squares (Watch Videos)