Unit 7 - Jacksonian Era and Expansion - Honors 10 US History PDF

JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 - ALL CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.1 ELECTION OF 1824 and 1828 Pages 246 - 250 OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the events of the election of 1824. Who won??? 2. What was the “corrupt bargain?” 3. Describe John Quincy Adams as President. 4. How did Jackson respond to the election of 1824? What did he do immediately after the election? 5. Describe the election of 1828. Who won? What was the inauguration celebration like? ELECTION OF 1824 Who were the candidates, their running mates and what party were they from? The candidate was John Q Adams from Massachusetts for the Democratic Republicans, Henry Clay from Kentucky for the Democratic Republicans, Andrew Jackson from Tennessee for the Democratic Republicans, and lastly William Crawford from Georgia for the Democratic Republicans. John C Calhoun was running as vice president with Henry Clay from South Carolina. Andrew Jackson also had John C Calhoun as his running mate. In order to become president… You have to get the majority of the electoral votes which was 133 votes. And the winner is….? THE CORRUPT BARGAIN OF 1824 Who had the most electoral votes? Andrew Jackson got 99 electoral votes and he has to have 133 to win. What was the problem and how was it going to be resolved? They are going to look to the 12th amendment and it says that the election will go to the house of representatives and then they will decide who will become president then. It makes more sense to go the house because they are more connected to how the population would have voted. When it going they have to take someone out and Clay was taken out because he was the speaker of the house and he also got the least amount of votes. It was really only a two man race because crawford had a stroke so now it is Very good video! JOHN QUINCY ADAMS Why was Adams considered a minority president? Son of John Adams and he was Secretary of State for Monroe but he was thought of as a minority president because all the people votes only added up to ⅓ for him. The political experience is not new to him but he is a little out of touch. Why did Adams lose many supporters? When Jefferson became president he did not throw out a lot of people. When John Q Adams became president he did not kick many out either which made many mad because they thought that if they were supporting him then they would have gotten the spots that they wanted. John Q JACKSON’S PATH TO THE WHITE HOUSE When did Jackson start his next campaign? How did he portray himself? John Q Adam is only there for 1 term. Jackson started his new campaign right when John Q Adams was given the job to be president. Jackson is portraying himself as a people’s president and this would be in the south and the west. South and West had kind of grouped themselves together and they named themselves the Democrats which was formed by the Jackson people that supported him. Why was the common man so important to Jackson? The south and the west were ﬁlled with farmers. The Panic of 1819 was an “Huzzah for Jackson!” THE ELECTION OF 1828 What mudslinging took place in the Election of 1828? John Q Adams’s supporters were saying that Jackson’s mother was a prostitute and that his wife was an adulterer. Jackson’s wife died while he was president and he said that she died because of all of the lies and assumptions thrown at her. Jackson’s supporters said that John Q Adams was using the people money to put a billiard table in the white house. Describe Jackson’s victory. This was a landslide because a lot more people up to 56% of popular vote wanted Jackson more that John Q Adams. John C Calhoun is the vice president for Jackson. It was a wild party!! Fun website with results from all elections! Historical timeline of elections - see "historical elections timeline" at the right of the page, then use the sliding bar at the top to find the Election of 1824 results! JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.2 JACKSON’S POLICIES AS PRESIDENT Pages 250 - 256 OBJECTIVES 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s past. What made him different from the previous presidents? 2. How did Jackson feel about the strength of the federal government? What did he do to limit the federal government’s power? 3. What was “The Spoils System”? 4. What was the Tariff of Abominations? 5. How did VP John C. Calhoun feel about the Tariff? What did he do to protest the Tariff? 6. Describe the events surrounding the Nulliﬁcation Crisis. WHO WAS ANDREW JACKSON? What was Jackson’s childhood and young adult life like? Jackson was born in North Carolina to Scots-Irish immigrants but by the time he is 14 he is an orphan which also made him grow up in poverty. He is 61 when he is elected president but since he had a poor upbringing he did not have a college education but was still smart. He moves to Tennessee and this is where he builds himself. He was in the Revolutionary war but he was also in the War of 1812. His nickname was “Old Hickory”. What wars was he involved in and what nickname did he get? Old Hickory was used because he was a very tough person from the Wars JACKSON’S PRESIDENTIAL STANCE How was Jackson inﬂuenced by Thomas Jefferson? He believes is limited power of a national government and federal government. The US federal government is obligated to defend ordinary people from the rich people that want power. This is weird because he is a man of wealth and power more that any other. How did Jackson try to protect the people? He really like the veto power and he used it a total of 12 time during his 2 terms. He thinks he did it for the people. JACKSON’S PRESIDENTIAL STANCE What type of system was Jackson trying to create and why? He is worried that people will hold a position and that they are needed to be moved out. He thinks that anyone with common sense could work in the government so he wants to start to move people out of their political positions. He thinks that no one should not be in a position for more than 4 years. He wants no corruption with the people in positions. Describe the Spoils System and the impact on Jackson’s administration. They will kick people out and then they will replace them with the people that have the same thoughts as the President into the spots that are open. TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS 1828 How did the North and South feel about tariffs? The south does not like the tariffs and they are getting the shaft in their eye. The North is okay with it because they want to have the protection of their items and their trade. What was the Tariff of Abominations? This will protect the new england textile industry and the pennsylvania iron industry. The south hates this so much so they call it the tariff of abomination. This was from their hate for it and they are very mad about this. How did South Carolina and John Calhoun respond? TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS and THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS Jackson supported states’ rights BUT not nulliﬁcation How did Jackson respond to South Carolina? John C Calhoun will resign so now they need to ﬁgure something out. Congress passes the Tariff of 1832 which was made to make South Carolina happy. They will raise some prices while also keeping others the same. South Carolina's response to this is to pass the ordinance of nulliﬁcation since they want to nullify which would void both tariffs. What was the Ordinance of Nulliﬁcation? They threaten to leave the union and they also want both of the tariffs voided. TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS and THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS How did Jackson respond to the threat of nulliﬁcation? Congress come together again and they come up with the compromise tariff of 1833 so that everyone might be a bit happier. Henry Clay helps write this. Congress also passes the forced bill which is also known as the bloody bill. This says that if the state refuses to collect the tariff then the president has the power to send in the army and navy to get the money in the end. Jackson does not use this bill to get the money. South Carolina will then repeal their nulliﬁcation of the tariffs but then they nullify the force bill this was just to show their power. JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.3 JACKSON AND THE NATIVE AMERICANS Pages 256 - 259 OBJECTIVES 1. What was Andrew Jackson’s position regarding the Native Americans? 2. What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830? 3. What resistance did the Native Americans offer? 4. What did the Cherokee do to protect their land? What was the impact of the USSC case Worcester v. Georgia? 5. Which president ultimately ordered the Trail of Tears? 6. What happened on the Trail of Tears? What was the impact of the Trail of Tears on the Cherokee people? JACKSON’S NATIVE AMERICAN POLICY What was the situation with Native Americans before Jackson? 1790’s soon after the constitution was in act they recognized the native american tribes as separate nations. The washington government is negotiating with these native american nations to get land. We do not honor these treaties though. There are four native groups that are the ﬁve civilized tribes. They are the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee and Seminole. Remember it is the CCCCS. They are civilized because they are allowing the americans to the land, they have an alphabet, legal code, constitution, and they also have a legislative branch of government like the americans around them. Since 1607 the land of the native had reduced. The Cherokee have Georgia and Mississippi land the white planters want it in the south for farming and also for gold. There are three things that “And is it supposed that the wandering savage has a stronger attachment to his home than the settled, civilized Christian? Is it more afflicting to him to leave the graves of his fathers than it is to our brothers and children? Rightly considered, the policy of the General Government toward the red man is not only liberal, but generous. He is unwilling to submit to the laws of the States and mingle with their population. To save him from this alternative, or perhaps utter annihilation, the General Government kindly offers him a new home, and proposes to pay the whole expense of his removal and settlement." A. Jackson, Message to Congress on Indian Removal, 1830. Jackson, The Great White Father RESISTANCE Describe the Black Hawk War. This is in Illinoi in 1832 which is before the Indian Removal. The Sauk and the Fox tribes are being forced off their land but they ﬁght back. There are american soldiers that are ﬁghting them Abraham Lincoln and the president of the confederacy were ﬁghting against the natives. Discuss the Seminoles resistance to Jackson’s policies. They are aided by runaway slaves. This goes on for 7 years because they do not want to be removed from their land in Florida many will be moved to Oklahoma in the end. Some will go farther into the everglades to stay in Florida. THE CHEROKEE FIGHT What were some tribes being forced to do? Some tribes are being forced to sign treaties and be removed from their land. There are many different groups of Cherokee in this land and some of them are going to take this treaty of court. John Marshall for the ﬁrst time says that he refuses to hear the case because they do not have standing. They team up with Samuel Worcester who was a missionary and he had been jailed for teaching the natives without a state license. They then go back and they use him to get in so in 1832 they decide that georgia can not regulate of invade Cherokee land. Marshall is saying that they do not have any power to do this. Jackson said that John Marshall made his decision now let see him enforce it. Treaty of Echota there is Leader ridge and he claimed to speak for the entire Cherokee nation but he did not have This is a really good video reviewing the Cherokee situation & Indian Removal Act THE TRAIL OF TEARS How many Cherokee still remained? The Cherokee are moving west and by 1838 there are still about 28 thousand Cherokee Natives. Jackson is no longer president Martin is now. Van Buren is now going to send soldiers with Windﬁeld and he is saying they are are trying to move them out faster. Many natives are going to be taken and then their land will be looted by the citizens there then they will be forced to walk the trail of tears and the federal government never gave them anything that they were promised. THey were moved at horrible times which made them so sad due to the death and the missing of their homes. Starvation is around and there are about ﬁve thousand that die on this trail of tears though it is not the actual count. LEGEND OF THE CHEROKEE ROSE The state ﬂower is forever linked to U.S. history through a tragic event in 1838 in which thousands of Cherokee were forced out of Georgia and other lands east of the Mississippi River. The path taken by Native Americans was dubbed the “Trail of Tears” because of the tears shed by Cherokee women on the journey. Cherokee chiefs prayed for a sign to give their women hope and the strength to care for their children. It is said that wherever a tear dropped, a Cherokee Rose bloomed. The ﬂowers continue to bloom along the path today. WHITE - PURITY OF THE CHEROKEE WOMEN’S SADNESS AND LOSS GOLD - GREED OF THE WHITE MAN 7 PETALS - ONE FOR EACH OF THE CHEROKEE CLANS TRAIL OF TEARS VIDEO JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.4 2nd BANK of the US and WHIGS Pages 259 - 263 OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the Second Band of the United States (BUS). 2. How did Andrew Jackson feel about the 2BUS? 3. What did Clay and Calhoun propose to save the 2BUS? What did Jackson do in response? 4. Describe the election of 1832. 5. How did “pet banks” lead to the end of the 2BUS? 6. Who were the Whigs? Why did they form? What did they support? JACKSON’S BANK WAR Describe the current state of the Bank of the United States and its functions. The ﬁrst bank had Hamilton wanting it to be chartered. That then expired prior to the War of 1812 so Clay’s american system is rechartering the Bank of the US. So the second BUS was chartered in 1816 and it is given a life span of 20 years so in 1836 congress will have to decide if they should continue or not. The bank is in the federal office in philadelphia. Biddle was running it and the BUS accepted federal deposits. This money was funds that the federal government was collecting such as tariffs. They will make loans and also buy/sell bonds. Jackson does not like this though. How did Jackson feel about the BUS and why? JACKSON’S BANK WAR What scheme did Clay and Webster come up with regarding the BUS and why? Clay still does not like Jackson so him and Webster come up with an idea. There will be another election of 1832 coming up and Jackson wants to run for president. The charter is to expire in 1836 and clay wants to win the election so he asks congress to recharter the bank four years early of 1832 which is the election year. This was because clay is just about certain that if congress approves then Jackson will veto it. Clay believes that if Jackson vetos the bank in the election year then it will have clay win the election. Congress decided to recharter early and Jackson decides to veto it. He says that he thinks that the bank is a dangerous policy that give special privileges to the rich and he does this to protect the common man from A satire on Andrew Jackson's campaign to destroy the Bank of the United States and its support among state banks. Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and Jack Downing struggle against a snake with heads representing the states. Jackson (on the left) raises a cane marked "Veto" The largest of the heads is president of the Bank Nicholas Biddle's, which wears a top hat labeled "Penn" (i.e. Pennsylvania) and "$35,000,000." This refers to the rechartering of the Bank by the Pennsylvania legislature in deﬁance of the adminstration's efforts to destroy it. ELECTION OF 1832 Who were the candidates for each party? Jackson is up for reelection and he is on the Democrat party and Clay is running as a National Republican. There was a third part now and they were called the Anti - Masonic Party. This is a men’s group and it is short for the men that are higher up. Who were the Anti-Masonic Party and why were the signiﬁcant? The BUS gave clay 50,000 for his campaign. These people are a secret society and the opposed the people that were masons. This means that they are people that do not like Jackson. Who won? ELECTION OF 1832 Election of 1832 - same link as earlier but I really like this so I am including for this election too! KING ANDREW I Point of View of the illustrator regarding Andrew Jackson as President of the United States???????? THE WHIGS Why did this party form and what did they believe in? This party is formed in opposition to the Democratic party and they call themselves the Whigs. They were the people in britain that did not like the monarchy. This was to show how they really did not like the president Jackson and his policy that he is using to much. Who led this party? Henry Clay and John C Calhoun are the leaders. What did they stand for? They support the internal improvements such as schools, roads, and canals the whigs support this because they are the followers of the american system. They will JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.5 MARTIN VAN BUREN Pages 263 - 265 OBJECTIVES 1. How does Martin Van Buren win the presidency in 1836? 2. How did Andrew Jackson’s Bank War impact the presidency of Martin Van Buren? (hint, hint….Panic of 1837) VOTE FOR ME!!! ELECTION OF 1836 Why did Jackson encourage Van Buren to run? Jackson encourages him because jackson does not want to run for a third term and he convinces Martin to run because Jackson knows that he is able to manipulate him and keep power without being the president. They were on the democrats party. What was the Whig plan for this election? They are going to run a candidate by presenting themselves as the new party of the common man. They were going to run multiple candidates for president and then when there was a deadlock they were going to then move it to the house of reps so that Henry Clay would be able to get them “VAN RUIN’S” DEPRESSION What type of problems did Van Buren face as a result of Jackson’s presidency? There are very bad economic problems and the biggest problem was the bank war. He left the bank of the US dry and a lot of paper money was being in circulation from the pet banks. Since the paper no longer had any meaning because they were not backed by coins and money so there was inﬂation. This resulted in the Panic of 1837. There were economic problems, banks closing, stores closing, bankruptcy, and 33% of the population was unemployed. Martin now comes up with the divorce bill and he wants to separate the bank and the federal government. This was following the Jackson views on the bank. He was not a very famous man though. JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.6 THE LONE STAR REPUBLIC Pages 265 - 270 OBJECTIVES 1. Describe settlement in Texas in the 1820s. (Texas is part of Mexico at this point in time) 2. How do Americans end up living in Texas (while it is still part of Mexico)? What is an empresario? How does Stephen Austin inﬂuence American movement to Texas? 3. What causes increased tension between Mexico and Texas? How does Santa Ana (Mexican president) add to those tensions? 4. What happened at the Alamo? The Battle of San Jacinto? 5. How did Texas become independent? 6. Who was Sam Houston? LIFE IN THE SOUTHWEST Who lived in Texas? There were not a lot of mexicans living in Texas because it was very sparsely populated. There were a lot of native americans which helped the fact that no one wanted to live there. There were American missionaries and the entire area was owned by Spain. The Catholics were there to help convert the Natives or the Mexicans into the faith. They were very separated though. What kind of trade took place in Texas? Longhorn cattle hinds are being traded. 1821 Mexico gained their independence for Spain and when they do this Texas goes as part of the Mission Concepcion Ysleta Espada San Antonio El Paso San Antonio IMPROVING MEXICAN AND NORTHERN PROVINCE RELATIONS How did Americans end up in Texas? Texas is controlled by Mexico and the texans who were known as the tahanas were thinking that they were not being protected by the Mexican government very well. The Mexicans are allowing the American Farmers to be in Mexico. They are given land grants to emperor sarios where to then sell the land to the Americans. But they have to follow the Mexican law and they also have to promise to become a Roman Catholic. All they have to do is follow the laws. Who was Stephen Austin? What did he do? TEXAS FIGHTS FOR INDEPENDENCE (Part 1) Why did tension increase between Texans and Mexico? One of the biggest things is slavery and many of the americans had brought slaves with them. The government had a problem because they had emancipated slaves meaning that none were allowed to be brought into the Mexican territories. Local rights when they were rulers and Santa Anna was a dictator of Mexico and he is going to wipe out all the local rights for Texans so this is going to start the texas revolution. Santa Anna will march an army of 6,000 men towards San Antonio and Steven Austin is going to call for all the Texans to get their weapons and be armed against the Mexicans but Santa Anna was a lot stronger and a lot more men were in their army. Davy Crockett “Gone to Texas” story! TEXAS FIGHTS FOR INDEPENDENCE (Part 2!) What happened at the Alamo? There was a 13 day siege and the building was a mission in the alamo. There are Texans using it as a fort to try and ﬁght off Santa Anna’s men. The Texans were all killed except for one and Santa Anna won. This is a huge win for the Mexicans but a huge loss for the Americans at this battle. Texas wants to be the lone star republic but it does not look good for them after the Alamo. Huston is going to become the governor of Texas. This was in the year of 1836. People are asked to help ﬁght the battle with Texas. Sam Houston recruitment proclamation as Commander in Chief of the new paid Army of Texas, December 12, 1835. TEXAS REVOLUTION What happened at the Battle of San Jacinto? The battle of Goliad which was yet another battle that was an American defeat had occurred. This battle was a new one when the Texans defeat Santa Anna and when they go into battle they say remember the Alamo to get people really mad. This battle was about an 18 minute battle and Santa Anna was captured by the Americans after a lot of Mexican soldiers deaths. How did Texas become independent? The treaty of alasko is where Santa Anna recoginizes the Texans independence. This also says that the Rio Grande river is now the TEXAS FIGHTS FOR INDEPENDENCE (Part 1) Why did tension increase between Texans and Mexico? JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.7 ELECTION OF 1840 Pages 270 - 273 OBJECTIVES 1. Who were the candidates for president in the election of 1840? 2. Who wins the election? What was their campaign slogan? 3. What did this person’s election show regarding the kind of control American voters wanted? 4. What happened one month after the president was inaugurated? CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION OF 1840 Who was the Democratic candidate? Martin Van Burren is now the Democratic President candidate but he did not win. Who did the Whigs nominate and why? The Whigs nominate William Henry Harrison and he is older but he is a war hero and the americans liked to vote for the war heros. He was from the war of 1812. He is really vague on what he stands for so no one is really mad since they do not really know what is going to be his way. What was the slogan and how did they depict their candidate and why? WHAT WAS THAT????? William Henry Harrison used innovative techniques in his presidential campaign of 1840 that foreshadowed modern campaign tactics. His supporters went visual and big. They made a huge ball, about ten feet tall, loaded it up with campaign slogans, and physically rolled it from town-to-town. This is the origin of the phrase ‘Keep the Ball Rolling’. Some of the slogans on this ball were ‘Fare well Dear Van, not the man’, referring to opponent Martin Van Buren. Or ‘To Guide the ship, Old Tip’, referring to Harrison and his famous victory at Tippecanoe. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON Who won the election? William won the electoral college votes and got the presidency. What did this election show about America and the people? This is a movement away from the airostostic people where the rich are making their choice to the common man saying this say in the presidency. But sadly something happened to him once he was in office. What happened to Harrison? He was not wearing a coat when he was doing his speech. After 1 month exactly he dies from pneumonia and that means the John Tyler is now the Remember “Tecumseh’s Curse?” JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.8 JOHN TYLER and PROBLEMS WITH THE BRITISH Page 360 - 363 OBJECTIVES 1. What was the problem with John Tyler as president? Why didn’t the Whigs care for him? 2. What conﬂicts with Great Britain arose during Tyler’s presidency? a. The Caroline b. The Creole c. The Aroostook War JOHN TYLER Who was John Tyler and why did the Whigs not like him? He was not a read whig because he was ﬁrst a democrat because he does not like jackson but the whigs are mad because they are not following the whig. They are not following their platforms and he is not doing anything. Why was the Whigs platform important and what was it? They do not only have the white house but they also have the congress which is good because if the congress passes the president will sign it. They are pro bank, internal improvements, and protective tariff but they also want to get rid of the independent treasury which will happen. JOHN TYLER AND THE WHIGS What did the Whigs want in terms of the Bank of the United States and tariffs? How did Tyler respond? Congress will do multiple different charters but tyler will continue to veto them because he does not support them. He is continuing to shoot down the charters but the democrats are happy because even though they did not win they are still being supported. The people are angry though because this is not what they voted for. John Tyler will get death threats for this. Whigs will formally expel him and try to impeach them and webster is the only person to stay in the cabinet. Tariff of 1842 which is a protective tariff and he knows that the government needs money. How did the American people react to Tyler? 60 Second Presidents - Tyler TENSION WITH THE BRITISH Describe the incident with the The Caroline. 1837 there is an insurrection in canada and the americans like this to get rid of the british government. The caroline was giving supplies to the canadians but it is taken but the british and then the ship is set on ﬁre. We do not go to war. A canadian man is saying that he was part of the raid on the caroline and he is set for execution but he then comes up with an excuse to not get killed. Describe the incident with The Creole. Slaves rebelled in VA and they took a ship. Great Britain abolished slavery so they offered them a part of the ship to stay safe and they slaves. This just builds more CONFLICT OVER MAINE What was the problem with the British road from Halifax to Quebec? British want a road to get goods in and out of canada but they land they are using the land that belong to the americans and this causes a bit of a “war”. What was the Aroostook War and how did it end? Fight with lumberjacks in canada and maine and the militia but then there is a treaty that is made. We give JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.9 LANDS IN THE WEST Pages 363 - 366 OBJECTIVES 1. What was the situation with Texas in 1840? 2. Who were the key presidential candidates in 1844? What were their views on annexation of Texas? 3. Who won the election of 1844? How did this impact annexation of Texas? 4. How did settlement of Oregon impact the election of 1844? How did the population of Oregon play a part? THE LONE STAR REPUBLIC How did Mexico see Texas after their ﬁght for independence? Mexico did not want to give up Texas. When Texas declared independence they did not want to be independent forever but they wanted to be part of the US. Mexico saw US as a bad child because they continued to try and get away no matter what. The US is having a hard time deciding whether they want to annex Texas. Since they have no one to help them and the US are not helping Mexico might try to ﬁght. US knows that if they allowed Texas in then they are ELECTION OF 1844 and TEXAS Who were the candidates and how did they feel about Texas? Henry Clay is the Whig candidate and the Democrats nominated James Polk who won the election. He was also the ﬁrst president to be photographed during his presidency. He was seen as the dark horse because he was not the obvious choice but he was the Speaker of the house and Governor of Tennessee. The Democrats want to annex Texas because they want expansionism but the Whigs are not as ready as the others are. John Tyler did not have a successful presidency but now he is trying to salvage some of his honor so when he is THE OREGON TERRITORY How many countries were once involved in Oregon? There are four countries in Oregon being France, Britain, US, and Russia. France dropped this share in the Adams-Onis treaty or the Florida purchase. Russia dropped in the Russo-American treaty meaning only US and Britain have a share in this. Britain claims the land above the columbia river which the US also calls for because a man from there found it. They are also saying that Lewis and Clark also thought that gave them claim. Britain said that they discovered it and they also explored it. Convention of 1818 they said POPULATING OREGON When did “Oregon Fever” begin and how many traveled? The Oregon trail was very rough trip but there are about 5,000 americans in the oregon which is more that the british at the time. 1844 the democrats wanted all the land because they were all about expansion they said that they would ﬁght in order to have the land because they want it all. Before this Britain said that they would agree with the border being the columbia river but the americans say that they do not want that and Polk wins this. JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.10 MANIFEST DESTINY and POLK Pages 366 - 369 OBJECTIVES 1. What was MANIFEST DESTINY? 2. What border did the US want the Oregon territory to extend to? What was the slogan they used to express this? 3. What border did the Oregon Treaty of 1846 set for the Oregon Territory? MANIFEST DESTINY Who was Polk before he was President and who supported him? He was the Governor from Tennessee and this is the same of Jackson and now Polk is called “Young Hickory” which is because he was supported by Jackson who was “Old Hickory”. What was manifest destiny? This is the idea that God has ordained for US to stretch from sea to sea. This idea “Annexation” by John O’Sullivan, The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, 1845 Texas is now ours… Her star and her stripe may already be said to have taken their place in the glorious blazon of our common nationality; and the sweep of our eagle’s wing already includes within its circuit the wide extent of her fair and fertile land. She is no longer to us a mere geographical space–a certain combination of coast, plain, mountain, valley, forest and stream. She is no longer to us a mere country on the map. She comes within the dear and sacred designation of Our Country… other nations have undertaken to intrude themselves … in a spirit of hostile interference against us, for the avowed object of thwarting our policy and hampering our power, limiting our greatness and checking the fulﬁllment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. This we have seen done by England, our old rival and enemy; and by France, strangely coupled with her against us…. GAINING OREGON What did the slogan “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!” refer to? This is where the expansionism people wanted the border to be. Britain starts to back down because the fur trade becomes less lucrative which means that they are losing interest to gain the land that other countries want so if they do not want it then why would they ﬁght over it. Why did America and Great Britain agree on the Oregon Treaty of 1846 and what were its conditions? JACKSONIAN ERA AND EXPANSION UNIT 7 CHAPTERS 13 AND 17 HONORS 10 US HISTORY 7.11 THE MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR Pages 369 - 376 OBJECTIVES 1. What were Polk’s goals as President? Did he accomplish them? 2. How does Polk “poke” Mexico to war over Texas? 3. How did Americans feel about going to war? How did the young Whig Congressman from Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, feel about the war? 4. How did the US “win” New Mexico? 5. What happened in California? 6. What happened in Mexico? How did Santa Ana play a part here? 7. What did the US gain from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? 8. What was the Gadsden Purchase? POLK AS PRESIDENT What were Polk’s goals as president? Polk was elected in 1844 for the democrats and he ran against henry clay. His goals were showing that the democrats were pro expansion and that they liked manifest destiny. He wants to acquire california. He also wants to settle the dispute over the border of Oregon in 54 40 or ﬁght or the 49 parallel. The border was then set at the 49th parallel. Polk is coming into office with what he said he was going to do and he achieved everything that he said he was going to do. He wants to lower the tariff and in 1842 there was a tariff that raised the rates but Polk made the walker tariff which reduced the tariffs rates to about 25% and it PUSHING FOR WAR What events lead to the War? Polk thinks that going to war with Mexico would be the best for not only making the border for Mexico and Texas but to also expand their land. There were also states that were in between which made Polk want all of it thinking that war was the way to go. He does not want to go to war right away but before he sends a diplomat Slidell because Santa Anna was kicked out of Mexico so Polk says that he will send Slidell to talk about the boundary with the US and Mexico and also talking about buying California. He was able to offer up to $25 million for the california and border at the Rio Grande River. Polk heard that Britain is thinking of buying California. There were no offers made because Slidell was not allowed into Mexico. US is now mad that they are not getting let in. This OPINIONS ON THE WAR What happened on the border of the Rio Grande? Polk heard that if Mexico ﬁred ﬁrst then they would probably called war. John C. Fremont where him and his troops are exploring the Rio Grande and Mexico which makes them send Mexican troops to the Rio Grande and made them ﬁght. 16 Americans were killed and now Polk goes back to congress and asks for a declaration of war because American blood was spilled on American Soil. Congress then approves with this but everyone was not in favor. Abraham Lincoln will continue to ask for Spot Resolutions where he is asking for the exact spot in american soil where the american blood was spilled. Lincoln then persists. The congress gets the votes for the war and all the soldiers are volunteers and many are in the south because of sectionalism. There were more Southern than THE WAR 1846 - 48 How did the United States win New Mexico? Polk will now order another man General Stephen Kearny and he was ordered to go from Kansas to the Santa Fe New Mexico and the New Mexicans did not give much of a ﬁght. There were no shots ﬁred and there was no battle fought. Polk was moving west to California. THE WAR 1846 - 48 What happened in California? Kearny is now heading to California and another General with his troops were going but the Mexican army would not be able to stop them so the Mexicans are going to withdraw from California and they become an independent republic. This is also called the Bear Flag Republic. Mexico had poor leadership which did not even match with ours and their troops were getting destroyed by our men. Many of the people that were ﬁghting would then be ﬁghting against each other in just a few years. Santa Anna has left but he says to Polk that if he helped him get back into Mexico then he would help him end the war and ﬁx the border issues. Polk believes him and he returns to Mexico and take presidency but he then attacks Zachary Taylor at the Buena Vista. But the US have great generals and SPOILS OF WAR What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)? This is the treaty that ends the war. Terms were the border between the US and Mexico is the Rio Grande River. The US is going to pay $15 million in exchange for California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utha, most of Arizona, along with part of Wyoming. All that land is known as the Mexican Cession Land. There is land that is known as the Gadsden Purchase which will be bought from Mexico in 1858 which is ten years later which was just a bit more land. This was a good deal. What was the Gadsden Purchase (1858)? EFFECTS OF THE WAR What effects did the war have on the military? US grows by a third again and the land is now bigger than the louisiana purchase and we now have land sea to sea. People that will become famous in the Civil War are getting hands on War Experience for the next War. Most of these are west point graduates so it shows the military job in West Point for preparing them for War and the strong Military abilities. The Naval academy will be formed. This affected slavery with the concern that we fought the war in an attempt to expand slavery. The dividing land for slave land was right above the 36 30 line or the 30 latitude line. The line runs straight through the middle of California but a lot of the land is south of it but now it gives the north a lot of concern such as Wilmot so he makes the Wilmot Proviso which says that there will be no slavery in the

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