AV Bio Unit 3 Quiz Study Guide PDF

AV Bio Unit 3 Quiz Study Guide 1.​ What is the purpose of DNA? It is the code for all traits an organism has 2.​ Define meiosis. Cell division that occurs in sex cells that creates sex cells 3.​ What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis? Meiosis is the creation of sex cells an...

AV Bio Unit 3 Quiz Study Guide 1.​ What is the purpose of DNA? It is the code for all traits an organism has 2.​ Define meiosis. Cell division that occurs in sex cells that creates sex cells 3.​ What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis? Meiosis is the creation of sex cells and mitosis is the creation of all other body cells 4.​ What is crossing over and independent assortment, and what is their purpose? Crossing over is when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material its purpose is to increase genetic diversity during meiosis. Independent assortment is the random lining up of homologous pairs at the cell’s middle to increase genetic diversity. 5.​ What is a mutation and what are the three types of mutations? A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Three types are: inversion, deletions and translocations. 6.​ What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis? mRNA in protein synthesis is messenger RNA (a copy of the DNA) that leaves the cell nucleus and travels to the ribosome to help make a set of amino acids that will fold to make a protein. 7.​ How can CRISPR technology be used in genetic research? CRISPR technology can be used in genetic research because it is able to find the mutation in the DNA sequence and replace it, stopping the disease. 8.​ What are the three things that can cause mutations? The three things that cause mutations are environmental, inheritance, and random mistakes during reproduction. 9.​ Explain the process of gene expression. First, DNA is transcribed into pre -mRNA using CBP, then the pre-mRNA is edited to take out the non-coding parts to create the final mRNA. Then tRNA reads the mRNA using CBP. The tRNA connects to the amino acids that the mRNA codes for. Finally, the amino acids fold together to form the protein. 10.​Which structure carries genes that determine an individual's traits?  DNA 11.​ What is the function of tRNA during translation? tRNA reads the mRNA using CBP. The tRNA connects to the amino acids that the mRNA codes for. 12.​Explain the process of CRISPR? It is a gene editing technology that works by precisely cutting DNA at a specific location using a guide RNA, allowing scientists to modify genes by inserting, deleting, or replacing DNA sequences, essentially acting like molecular scissors to target and alter DNA within an organism 13.​ Explain dominant and recessive alleles. Dominant alleles overpower the recessive ones and are the traits that are shown 14.​Which process results in the formation of cells with half the DNA of body cells? meiosis 15.​ How do chromosomes contribute to the inheritance of traits? -certain traits can only affect the X or Y chromosome -they carry genes 16.​Which pattern of inheritance is shown in the following pedigree: Autosomal recessive. If parents don’t have it but offspring does 17.​ Which pattern of inheritance is shown in the following pedigree:  Autosomal dominant. If parents hVAE it but offspring does NOT 18.​Which pattern of inheritance is shown in the following pedigree: X-linked recessive. If only males have it 19.​ What is the genotype of person 2 in the following pedigree? Aa