Difficulties Faced by Settlers in Western Canada PDF

Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 1. Indigenous people: Indian Act 1876 Key people: - John A macdonald signed Indian Act believing that the legislation would assimilate Indigenous people into euro-Canadian culture Key events: - Indian act allowed canadian government control...

Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 1. Indigenous people: Indian Act 1876 Key people: - John A macdonald signed Indian Act believing that the legislation would assimilate Indigenous people into euro-Canadian culture Key events: - Indian act allowed canadian government control over Indian status, local indigenous governments and management of reserve lands - Restricted freedom and rights of First Nations people Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 1. Indigenous people: Indian Act 1876 Impact on Canada: - Residential schools were result of Indian Act - Impact on country was significant and still remains today - Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 2. Immigration to Canada: Who came and why? Key people: - Clifford Sifton was minister of interior and was given task of attracting immigrants to Canada. He believed agricultural immigration was key to canada’s economic growth -John A MacDonald made immigration a priority under his government - He was involved in building CPR which made large scale immigration possible due to ability to move large amounts of people Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 2. Immigration to Canada: Who came and why? Key events: - After confederation, Canada wanted to expand so it opened for mass settlement and become home for millions of immigrant settlers - There was economic opportunities in canada and opportunity to escape oppression and persecution - Construction of railway made transportation and travel possible - Dominion land act 1872 - created free and fertile land for settlers Impact on Canada: - Immigration boom leading up to 1914 was one of most important periods of canadian population growth - Immigration boom created key industries that are still important today such as agriculture, mining and oil Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 3. Homesteading on the Prairies: Key People: - Clifford stanford advertised that canada was good place to live Key events: - Immigrants were attracted to western canada by government - 160 acres of land cost only $10 with the condition that the homesteader built a house - Homesteaders were separated from families and friends and faced difficulty of no roads or bridges - Homesteading could be extremely lonely but as settlements grew so did the community - The Young men's christian assoc (YMCA) and young womens christian assoc (YWCA) helped people settle and acquire jobs Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 3. Homesteading on the Prairies: Impact on Canada: - Homesteading declined after WW1 as immigration fell off and movement towards cities increased Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 4. Building the Can Pacific Railway (CPR) Key People: - John A M promised to build railway and promoted need for it - Sir Hugh Allan was montreal businessman who was contracted to build railway - William Van Horne was in charge of construction work in 1882 Key events: - Pacific scandal - Sir Hugh Allan had given large sums of money to Macdonald’s conservative party during election - This was exposed and led to PM resigning - In 1881 Can government issued new contract to CPR - Railway was completed in 1885 Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 4. Building the Can Pacific Railway (CPR) Impact on Canada: - Railway helped support immigration to western Can which was important for economic growth and population growth - Railway made it easier to transport goods and create improved trade between provinces - Travel cross country continues on railways today  Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 5. Creation of North West Mounted Police: Key People: - John A Mac created police force NWMP that later became RCMP - Lieutenant Macleod executed the law and was tasked with working with Indigenous people Key events: - Can government asked for volunteers who could read or write in english and french or were good horseman - North-west mounted police formed in 1873 to stop illegal liquor trafficking - Government felt there was a need for law and order in west after red river resistance - West previously had no law enforcement and there were many outlaws making the area difficult to control Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 5. Creation of North West Mounted Police: Impact on Canada: - 1920 NWMP and Dominion Polie joined together to make RCMP - Today RCMP enforces federal laws Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 6. The Gold Rush: Key People: - James douglas was governor of new colony of BC and Vancouver island and enforced the law on miners during gold rush Key events: - Gold was discovered near Klondike River in Yukon and thousands of people came for gold between 1897 and 1899 - This led to establishment of Dawson City and then the Yukon territory - Dawson city become a rapidly growing city - Gold seekers came from the rest of Canada and US Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 6. The Gold Rush: Impact on Canada: - Positive impact on Canadian economy at the time - Brought rapid development of Yukon territory - Gold rush brought upheaval and disenfranchisement for the indigenous people in this area - Massive influx of white settlers to the region disrupted the traditional ways of Indigenous people.  Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 7. The red river resistance Key people: - Louis Riel - leader of Metis and was executed for high treason for his resistance to the Canadian government on Metis land - John A Mac - was PM and sent soldiers to Fort Garry to monitor the Metis. He wanted to find a solution at the red river crisis but ultimately executed Louis - Thomas scott - english speaking protestant who was jailed and executed by Metis. Hee was sent as part of a military operation to stop Metis from resisting government interference on their land Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 7. The red river resistance Key Events: - RR rebellions was conflict between Metis people and English over land rights - 1869, english speaking surveyor came to RR settlement which created conflict with Metis. In 1869 Metis took control of Fort Garry and set up their own temporary government - Metis created bill of rights that listed their requests. These were later agreed by John A Mac and government passed the Manitoba Act which recognized Manitoba as province of Canada Impact on Canada: - Resistance led to recognition of Manitoba as province of Canada -  Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 8. North west resistance: Key people: - Louis Riel - Metis leader who was executed for treason - Pihtokahanapiwiyin cree chief who fought alongside first nations - Mistahi-maskwa (big bear) cree chief who also fought alongside first nations - General Frederick Middleton - Canada forces war leader Key events: - Can government promised to grant Metis Manitoba land rights but they didn't keep their promise. Government ignored petitions from Metis and other First Nations groups - Metis asked Louis riel to come out of hiding and lead resistance Difficulties faced by people who settled in Western Canada 8. North west resistance: Key events: - Resistance was violent five month insurgency against Can government - PM Mac sent a large Number of troops to end resistance which ended in Metis surrender and Louis Riel being charged and executed for high treason Impact on Canada: - English speaking people were in support of Riel's execution while french canadians protested his death - Reignited french nationalism - Death of riel devastated Metis Nation