Chapter 9: The Jefferson Years 1800-1816 PDF

Chapter 9: The Jefferson Years 1800-1816 Section 1: Jeffersonian Democracy Textbook pgs. 306-311 Historical Thinking Questions 1.1 Jefferson’s Vision for America (p.306-307) 1. What was Thomas Jefferson’s political philosophy, and how was it reflected in his policies as president? Thomas Jefferson...

Chapter 9: The Jefferson Years 1800-1816 Section 1: Jeffersonian Democracy Textbook pgs. 306-311 Historical Thinking Questions 1.1 Jefferson’s Vision for America (p.306-307) 1. What was Thomas Jefferson’s political philosophy, and how was it reflected in his policies as president? Thomas Jefferson’s political philosophy was that a smaller government worked best. This was reflected by his policies when he shrunk the government and military services with his policies. This shows how he believed a smaller government was what would work the best. 3. Distinguish Fact and Opinion: What facts and opinions does Jefferson use to reduce the country’s fears and unite Americans? To unite Americans from the division caused because of political views. He let out his opinions on who the American people are by releasing this statement “We are all Republicans; we are all Federalists.” This lets us know how he wanted to unite the people regardless of their political differences. A fact that he wrote to reduce the country's fears could be seen when he stated to not fear a rise of power because America is founded on freedom and with this freedom they have the right to defend themselves. This could be seen in the text when it states “I believe it the only one where every man... would meet invasions of the public order [would defend the country] as his concern.” This shows how he stood with the people if they ever felt threatened and held the right to defend themselves against it. 1.2 Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 (p.308-309) 1. What were some of Jefferson’s talents and accomplishments? Some of Jefferson's talents were writing, architecture, science, gardening, and invention. He also had many accomplishments such as being a lawyer, inventing a sundial and the plow, and lastly, he had the accomplishment of being the 3rd president of the U.S. 2. Why do you think it might have been difficult for Jefferson to live up to his principles? I think it might have been hard for Jefferson to live up to his principles since these promises mostly hurt him or didn't ith him. The negative impact could be seen because if he had slaves and he had to leave them he would have to do work himself and probably lose money. To go with how it wouldn’t align with him is when it came to money he was wealthy so he didn't grow up with a budget. Which would contradict his saying “ Never spend your money before you have it.” 1.3 The Supreme Court (p.310-311) 1. How was Marbury appointed as a judge? Maury was appointed a judge through a process started by President John Adams in his final days in office. Mabury was one of the midnight judges, who were appointed by Adams before he left office. 2. What unintended consequence did John Adams’s plan to appoint midnight judges bring about? The unintended consequence was that it brought up an unexpected trial. Which also created consequences for future presidents and the Judicial Branch. Because now the Supreme Court has to approve of the constitutionality of a law. 3. What was surprising about Marshall’s decision that the Supreme Court did not have the power to issue Marbury’s writ? The surprising thing about Marshall's decision was that it revealed an ideal that will continue to be used throughout history. This would be the claim that the Supreme Court did not have the authority to issue a writ of mandamus under the Judicial Act of 1789. This claim was shocking because it was the first time the Supreme Court declared something unconstitutional, which shows how this changed judicial review. 2.1 The Louisiana Purchase (p.312-313) 1. Why did Jefferson want to purchase Louisiana from France? Jefferson wanted to purchase Louisiana from France because he didn’t want Louisiana to interfere with the established ports based in New Orleans. He also felt that new and more farmland was needed. This piece of land was easy to purchase because the Spanish couldn’t keep up with America's evolution and deemed it bad or unworthy. 2. What happened as a result of the war in Saint-Domingue? The result was that Napoleon sold a greater part of Louisiana due to the fact he needed more money and he also deemed that he couldn't control Louisiana. Then initially he was going to sell to Thomas Jefferson. As a result, this purchase increased the size of America by 2. 3. Interpret Maps: What major river did the United States acquire the rights to in the Louisiana Purchase? ​ By acquiring the rights to Louisiana, the Americans would also get the rights to the Mississippi River. This would benefit them because it made trading between states easier and overall caused the economy to flourish. 3.1 Neutrality or War? (p.318-319) 1. What was Jefferson’s foreign policy? Jeffersons foreign policy was that he wanted to remain neutral among countries and peaceful. Referring to the fact he didn’t want the U.S. to be identified with one side or another country. This would help him in situations where sold supplies to countries everywhere which helped boost the economy. However It was damaging when other countries got mad at Ameerica for selling items to the country they are fighting. 2. How did the Embargo Act of 1807 affect Americans? The Embargo Act of 1807 affected the Americans drastically by damaging their business and overall their country's economy. This is because the Act ended commerce between one or more nations. This damaged the people since those who sold goods couldn't sell them anymore and it drastically affected their income. Also, the taxes placed on imported goods dropped which drastically affected the country. Lastly, since many people's income depended on transport they had to find a way around it and It would be to smuggle goods. Which could have damaged the people if they were caught especially if by the militia. 3. What foreign actions tested Jefferson’s policy of neutrality? The foreign actions of the British and the French blocking American ships. Which carried supplies, helping the opposing country. Started to tick against Jefferson’s policy of neutrality because it made the U.S. risk danger and lose profit. Which made the U.S. want to break the policy and initiate an attack. Also, the British Navy capturing American ships and forcing the sailors to serve in the British Navy made the U.S. want to start a war since they believed it was unjust for the British to be kidnapping their workers for their benefit. Lousiana Purchase Focus Points 1.​ Why did Jefferson hesitate to make the purchase? Thomas Jefferson hesitated to make the Louisiana Purchase because he was unsure if the Constitution gave him the authority to acquire new land. As a strict constructionist, he believed in following the Constitution closely and didn't see a specific clause that allowed the president to buy territory. He also worried about the cost and potential conflicts with Native American groups already living on the land. 2.​ What opportunities did this new land create? The Louisiana Purchase created many opportunities for the United States. It doubled the country’s size, provided fertile land for farming, and gave the U.S. control over the Mississippi River and the ports of New Orleans, which were essential for trade. It also allowed for westward expansion and opened the door for exploration, including the Lewis and Clark expedition.