Copy of M2.L2_ Legacies of Globalization in India.pptx

Module 2 Lesson 2: Legacies of Globalization in India Case Study BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA HISTORICAL LEGACIES OF GLOBALIZATION The British East India Company ► British Imperialism in India was started by the British East Indian Company (BEI) ► A group of merchants who saw the trade potential f...

Module 2 Lesson 2: Legacies of Globalization in India Case Study BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA HISTORICAL LEGACIES OF GLOBALIZATION The British East India Company ► British Imperialism in India was started by the British East Indian Company (BEI) ► A group of merchants who saw the trade potential for India ► BEI ships first landed in India in 1608 ► The BEI set up trading posts in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta ► The BEI had achieved total control of India by the 1770s ► The BEI ruled India until 1857 when the British Government took control of India and an era called The Raj began Economic Control of India ► India was the key colony for the economic prosperity of Great Britain ► “The Jewel of the British Empire” ► India was key source of: ► Raw Materials ► Especially cotton, jewels and spices ► Cheap labor ► Large markets for British Goods ► Access to Chinese Markets Economic Control of India ► Cash crops were encouraged over food crops ► Cotton ► Silk ► Tea ► This led to widespread food shortages and famine ► Britain practiced mercantilism ruthlessly in India ► Economic needs of Britain were always put ahead of those of the India people ► Indian cotton was shipped Britain, made into fabric and clothing and shipped back to India to be sold Economic Control of India ► Indian industries were damaged by cheap manufactured goods from England that were mass produced during the Industrial Revolution ► Britain made huge investment in transportation and communication in India ► Developed railroad and telegraph networks ► These things remained after the British relinquished control … hey a positive legacy Political Control of India ► British East India controlled all foreign trade and maintained the army through Indian “Sepoy” soldiers ► Britain ruled about 60% of India directly and the other 40% indirectly through alliances with Indian princes who followed British policy ► When the Raj begins in 1857, the British Government itself takes full political control of India Social Control of India ► British were often ignorant of Indian way of life and religious beliefs and customs ► India is a place with diverse customs traditions and religions ► Hindu population who does not eat beef ► Muslim population who does not eat pork ► The BEI reinforced traditional Indian class structures ► British citizens were placed at the highest administrative positions ► Indians were growing tired of being considered as second-class citizens Social Control of India ► Rumors about animal grease in rifle cartridges resulted in rebellious soldiers ► Lead to riots and mutiny…Sepoy Rebellion (1857-58) ► British brought the rebellion under control with the British military ► Queen Victoria approved of transfer of Administration from BEI to British Government ► The era of The British Raj (The Raj) begins Evidence of Eurocentrism Gandhi & Indian Independence ► Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) ► Indian lawyer who led fight for Indian independence from Britain ► Famous for use of non-violent means to achieve independence ► Believed a united India (Hindu & Muslim) ► Strategies included ► Attacking mercantilism by buying Indian made products, particularly cotton and fabric ► Marches ► Hunger Strikes ► Non-cooperation with Britain Gandhi & Indian Independence ► Britain agreed to Indian independence in 1947 ► But also to the partition of India which Gandhi opposed ► India was independent but it was also divided into India, Pakistan and West Bengal ► India- predominantly Hindu population ► Pakistan and West Bengal – predominantly Muslim population ► Gandhi was assassinated Jan 30, 1948 by a Hindu nationalist Legacies of British Imperialism in India ► Positive Legacies ► Infrastructure built by Britain ► Communication Networks (Telegraph) ► Transportation Networks (Railway system) ► Political Institutions for India Democracy ► Court System highly developed ► Administrative agencies ► Education ► Universities were built in India by the British Legacies of British Imperialism in India ► Negative Legacies ► Economic exploitation ► Lack of factories and manufacturing because of mercantilism ► Taxes on Indian produced goods ► Depletion of natural resources ► Social Consequences ► Use of slavery and slave labor on cash crop plantations ► Estimated 55 million deaths caused by widespread famine due to a focus on cash crops