Causes of the Cold War PDF

Causes of Cold War  Bomb Shelter Selection You have a bomb shelter. Your group will be safe from nuclear attack. You have the ability to select others to enter your shelter. Assume that everyone else in the United States may become a victim of the attack and only th...

Causes of Cold War  Bomb Shelter Selection You have a bomb shelter. Your group will be safe from nuclear attack. You have the ability to select others to enter your shelter. Assume that everyone else in the United States may become a victim of the attack and only the people in your shelter may survive. After reading and discussing each of the profiles given to you, rank your selections 1–5. After each, identify why he or she was chosen. Processing Questions: 1. Was it hard to make a decision? Why? 2. What are the reasons why you chose the people that will be included in the shelter? 3. What is the social effect of using atomic bombs in war or conflict? ECONOMIC SYSTEM An economic system is a system of production and exchange of goods and services as well as allocation of resources in a society. Two major economic systems: Communism and Capitalism. CAPITALISM Believes in individual ownership and competition. Theory: When everyone is selfish and concerned with personal profit, everyone will benefit. Adam Smith = “the” capitalist: Humans were self serving by nature but that as long as every individual were to seek the fulfillment of her/his own self interest, the material needs of the whole society would be met. –Wrote Wealth of Nations: felt capitalism was good for society = THE BEST  COMMUNISM Believes in collective (group) ownership and a planned economy (government makes decisions). Theory: Everyone pools their resources and labor to evenly distribute everything. –Everyone gets an EQUAL amount of everything, regardless of how hard you work or don’t work! Karl Marx = “the” communist. Marx condemned capitalism as a system that alienates the masses. –Wrote The Communist Manifesto with Engels – about class struggle, problems of capitalism The Cold War  Motivation: It is 1947, and Europe is in ruins after World War II. Many countries are struggling with poverty, food shortages, and political instability. The Soviet Union is encouraging communist revolutions, while the United States is determined to stop the spread of communism. To respond to this crisis, U.S. President Harry Truman introduces the Truman Doctrine, promising to support countries threatened by communism. The U.S. also launches the Marshall Plan, offering billions of dollars in aid to help rebuild European economies and prevent them from turning to communism. 🎯 Question: If you were the leader of a war-torn European country in 1947, how would you respond to the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan? A) Accept U.S. aid through the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy and strengthen ties with Western democracies. B) Reject U.S. aid and align with the Soviet Union, believing that communist policies provide a better future. C) Remain neutral, trying to rebuild without taking sides in the Cold War. D) Request aid from both the U.S. and the USSR, hoping to benefit from both superpowers.  Processing Questions: 1. Why did some countries accept the Marshall Plan while others refused? 2. How did these policies increase tensions between the U.S. and the USSR?  The Cold War United States and the Soviet Union’s competition for political domination of the world A battle of ideologies: Communist VS Capitalists Resulted in anti-communist suspicions Led the two superpowers to the brink of nuclear disaster Means of Control: New alliances 1949: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 1954: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) 1955: Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) 1955: Warsaw Pact  USA Soviet Union Means of Truman Doctrine Control: Marshall Plan Council for Mutual Economic Economic aid “The seeds of Assistance totalitarian (COMECON) regimes are nurtured by misery and want.” Harry S. Truman, March 3, 1947 (ahead of the Marshall Plan)  TRUMAN DOCTRINE During a speech in March 1947, US President Truman announced a policy of containment (the realization that if communism could not be eradicated, it must be prevented from spreading further). He believed that the world was becoming increasingly divided and accused the Soviets of running and encouraging dictatorial regimes and of stifling the world economy. Pledged aid to governments threatened by communist subversion. Added Pressure: Political Divide in Germany Four zones Merging of zones (France, Britain, USA) Creation of the Federal Republic of Germany (West) and the German Democratic Republic (East)  Berlin wall Built by the East German government on August 1961 separating East and West Berlin To stop the flow of refugees from East Germany through West Berlin (c) 1973. The writing on the wall reads: "The wall must fall!“ https://shorturl.at/atGNQ Why are countries building more border walls?  Synthesis (Pair Activity) Watch the video and answer the questions below: Do border walls work? How do these walls affect people?