History Exam Study Sheet PDF
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This document is a study guide for a history exam, covering significant events in Canadian history. The study sheet includes topics such as war in the Pacific, WWI alliances, the Iron Curtain, and other key historical events. It also touches upon important historical figures and concepts.
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**War in The Pacific (Hong Kong)** Japanese troops invaded parts of China. The British prime minister, Winston Churchill, asked Canada to send troops to defend Hong Kong out of fear they would be taken next. - **WWI Alliances** Triple entente -\> Britain, france, Russia Triple alliance -\> G...
**War in The Pacific (Hong Kong)** Japanese troops invaded parts of China. The British prime minister, Winston Churchill, asked Canada to send troops to defend Hong Kong out of fear they would be taken next. - **WWI Alliances** Triple entente -\> Britain, france, Russia Triple alliance -\> Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy - **Passchendaele** The British chief expected a quick victory which turned out to be described as the most **muddy** and bloody battle. The Germans ended up saying it wasn\'t worth a drop of blood because the land all turned into mud. -They had victory but lost 16,000 men. Winston Churchill said the Canadians did the impossible. **Iron Curtain** The iron curtain was a term made by Winston Churchill to describe the political state of Europe which had been split in two, the **west allied with the democrats** **and US** and the **east with the soviet union and communists**. It\'s often said that the removal of the Berlin wall 'raised the iron curtain.' **NATO** **North Atlantic Treaty Organization** -\> Consisted of Canada, Great Britain, france **War guilt clause** When world war 1 ended Germany and its allies were forced to sign the treaty of versailles. This imposed severe reparations for Germany leading to economic hardship and resentment (had to pay money etc - **R.B bennet** Prime minister R.B bennet- was the president (and richest man in canada) in the 1920s/30s that led canada through the depression. **Fight for italy** The allies decided to invade through Italy to catch them off guard and weaken them; they launched an assault on the island of Sicily in Italy but were shown little resistance. - **Suez Crisis** Western allies partition (asked)Palestine to house the jewish refugees. At the time the Suez Canal in Egypt was controlled by France in britain. Gamal Abdal Nasser wanted to free this country and destroy israel. to do so he needed to take over the canal. Britain, France and Israel allied to stop Egypt but failed and a 3rd world war was feared. Pearson created peacekeeping to stop the two sides and maintain peace. **Banting and best** Frederick Banting and Charles best discovered insulin in 1921. Their work allowed blood sugar levels to be managed. They made the disease of diabetes from a fatal one to a very manageable one. **On-to-ottawa Trek** over 1600 men aboard freight trains bound for the nation\'s capital and confrontation with R.B Bennett about the problem with relief camps. **Munich agreement** The Munich Pact, signed on **September 30, 1938**, was an agreement between Nazi Germany, France, and the United Kingdom that allowed Germany to annex(politically take over) the Sudetenland (a region northwest of Czechoslovakia) in exchange for a promise of no further territorial expansion. (appeasement) **Business cycle** **Business cycle- (prosperity -\> recession -\> depression -\> recovery -\> Prosperity)** **Lester pearson:** Proposed Peacekeeping to the UN and his idea was used to the the conflict of the suez crisis - **Tommy Douglas** A significant politician and the father of universal healthcare in Canada. It was so successful that the government ended up making money and the federal government made money from it. Everyone paid taxes = everyone gets free healthcare. **Prohibition** Forbidding (making illegal) the consumption, sale, manufacture, possession and transportation of alcohol. **United declaration of Human Rights** Canadians created a list of Human rights that was recommended that every country followed in order to improve quality of life for all human beings. This was after WW2 to Prevent any other world wars. **Conscription Crisis** Canada needed men to join the war. Initially Borden promised he would not inflict conscription into our recruiting process, in fear of dividing the country, but after visiting the front lines and seeing the state the soldiers were in conscription started. Men 18+ had to join the war **Credit buying** In Canada, credit buying began in the early 1900s with store charge accounts (pay later). It grew post-WWI, especially with installment plans (Cards). After WWII, credit cards became widespread, and by the 1960s, Visa and MasterCard expanded it further. **Blitzkrieg** Lightning war using tanks trucks and planes too quickly surround and take down enemy nations. - **War measures act** The War Measures Act was a law in Canada that granted the government broad powers during wartime. This happened both in WW1 and WW2 where teh canada government would talk about enemy aliens rights especially. (Japanese in WW2 and Germans in WW1). - **Appeasement** Appeasement is giving into demands of another country who is unhappy or wanting more to avoid war. **Newfoundland** Was a British colony that helped the allies in both world wars. It only officially became a province of Canada in 1949 which is the newest province out of all of them. **United Nations** The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded on October 24, 1945, after World War II to promote peace, security, human rights, and cooperation among nations.\ - France, England, Russia, China, and the US. **60s Scoop** The sixties scoop was a period of time between the 1960-1980s when a significant number of indigenous children were taken from their homes by child welfare and put into non indigenous families homes. What did this cause? - **Pierre trudeau** He was known as a great prime minister and did things like giving rights to homosexuals and making french a national language of canada - **Internment Camps** Internment camps in Canada were labour camps where people, often considered threats to national security, (**enemy aliens**) were forcibly detained during times of war or crisis. These camps were used primarily during World War I and World War II **Convoy System** Merchant ships crossing bodies of water surrounded by more heavily armed ships to protect them and their materials/cargo. **Holocaust Important** Adolft hitler believed the Germans (Aryans) were superior to jews and sought to eliminate them. The Nazis captured the jews and sent them to ghettos and concentration camps like auschwitz. They were worked near to death and then gassed to death in a massive genocide. **The Cold War Important** The cold war was a period of tension between US and USSR **NO ACTUAL WAR.** Was fought by threats, propaganda, competitions (hockey summit league), spying, and nuclear arms races. Countries formed alliances **Nato**, Norad -\> U.S, Canada (to defend north america against soviet attack) WARSAW pact -\> USSR, other communist countries. - - **Rwandan genocide (Important)** The Rwandan Genocide occurred over a period of 100 days in 1994, resulting in the massacre of an estimated 800,000 people, mostly from the Tutsi (lighter darks) ethnic group, by the Hutu (darker darks) majority in Rwanda. It was one of the most horrific genocides of the 20th century. - - **Dieppe Important** operation jubilee, Stalin requested allies to take pressure off of russia. They decided to test how Germany would respond to an invasion by raiding the heavily guarded French town of dieppe. The raid was doomed from the start, a german convoy on the english channel alerted german troops and they started in daylight instead of nightfall. Deippe was also designed to steal an enigma (a German coding system) The allies learned a valuable lesson that would help in D-day. **Vimy Ridge important** Vimy Ridge was a significant battle during World War I, fought from April 9 to 12, 1917, in northern France. It was a major success for canada. They won tactically using detailed planning, the creeping barrage and tunnels. It Cost 3600 lives and 7000 wounded. This was significant for Canada\'s Identity as a nation. **Indigenous contributions and issues through the 20th century VERY IMPORTANT** Contributions: - **military service** in WW1 and WW2 despite discrimination in canada - Issues: - **Residential schools** were made by the canadian government to kill the indigenous culture within children - **Canada balancing its own policies with the demands of canadians throughout the 20th century VERY IMPORTANT** **Immigration** advocated for equal treatment and non-discrimination from the government (enemy aliens and the war measures act) and eventually Canada balanced its policies. It\'s important to note that now Canada is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world. **Women\'s rights** were not taken seriously by Canada in the past, the country responded to women\'s demands by giving women the right to vote and giving them equal pay. **Canada becoming a more just and inclusive society for all throughout the 20th century VERY IMPORTANT** **French becoming an official second language** was made by pierre trudeau and was one of the most monumental changes in canada that brought the country closer together **Homosexual rights** were also granted by pierre trudeau saying that 'the government has no place in the bedrooms of canadian citizens'