Copy of Health Unit 2 Study Guide.gdoc

Health Unit 2 Study Guide The terms and concepts listed on this study guide will likely be on your test. Try answering questions without the use of the textbook and see what you know. Then check your answers with your textbook and answer the remaining questions with your textbook (some terms may se...

Health Unit 2 Study Guide The terms and concepts listed on this study guide will likely be on your test. Try answering questions without the use of the textbook and see what you know. Then check your answers with your textbook and answer the remaining questions with your textbook (some terms may seem like common sense to you but make sure you know the textbook definition). Any questions you did not answer correctly or answers that you needed your textbook for are concepts and terms you should be studying for the test. I will mention what section from the book each question is from. USE COMPLETE SENTENCES AND DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!!! Catch My Breath Toxic Chemicals in Aerosol Droplets (E-Liquid) ○ Answer: Diethylene glycol is a toxic chemical that is used in antifreeze ○ that is linked to lung diseases. Effects of exposure to e-liquid thought skins and ingestion ○ Answer: Increased respiratory rate, loss equilibrium, CNS depression, analgesia, coma, and death. Long term effects of nicotine use ○ Answer: It can lead to ○ addiction,withdrawal symptoms, delayed wound healing, and reproductive disturbances. Trend of nicotine strength levels over time ○ Answer: Nicotine has increased from 2.5% to 4.4% an average of 0.8% per month. Stress Management techniques (based on the catch my breath slides) ○ Answer: Some techniques are exercise, deep breathing, meditation, healthy diet, and getting enough sleep. Signs of nicotine Addiction ○ Answer: Signs are that you are craving nicotine, feeling sad all the time, using it even though you know that it is bad for you, and not being able to sleep. 5.4 Ethanol ○ Answer: renewable fuel made from corn and other plants Standard Drink  ○ Answer: 14 ounces of ethanol in one drink Alcohol By Volume (ABV) ○ Answer: Beer 4% to 9% volume What has the highest/lowest AVB between Beer, WIne, and Liquor ○ Answer: Beer has the lowest 4-8% wine is 14-16% and Liquor is 36-50%. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) ○ Answer: The percent of alcohol that is in your bloodstream. If a person had 10% that means one part of alcohol for every 1000 part blood. BAC Level that is considered legally impairedAnswer: You are ok to drive have a 0.08% or higher if yourover 21 years old. 0.01% or higher if you are under 21 years old. 0.01% or higher at any age if you are on probation. How can these factors increase/decrease the amount of alcohol one needs to reach the same BAC level? ○ Body Weight Answer:Smaller the body the less ability to dilute alcohol. ○ Biological Sex Answer:Women have less dehydrogenase, The enzymes that break down alcohol in the stomach which contributes to higher BAC than men drinking the same amount of alcohol. ○ Fat Vs Muscle Answer:Fatty tissue does not contain very much water and will not absorb very much alcohol making the concentration in the rest of the body higher for the person with a higher percentage of fat. ○ Food Consumption Answer:Foods help slow down the amount of alcohol absorbed in your bloodstream. If you are drinking on an empty stomach that means the alcohol can get absorbed ○ Ethnicity Answer: alcohol dehydrogenase is when alcohol will remain in the blood longer and high concentrations can build up faster. Alcohol effects on ○ The Brain (short-term)  Answer: Alcohol interferes with the brain communication pathways. And that can make you think differently than usual. ○ The Brain (long-term) Answer: It can make your brain reductions in size, it can damage your brain, it can make it hard to remember what you did, and it can make it hard to sleep. ○ Mental Health Answer: You might feel relaxed, less anxious, and more confident after a drink. Chronic Health Conditions From Alcohol ○ Answer: Some health conditions are heart diseases, stroke, high blood pressure Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ○ Answer: It is serious and it can lead to death. Large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time can lead to alcohol poisoning. Alcohol Poisoning ○ Answer: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) ○ Answer: It is a medical condition that tries to stop and control alcohol use because of the health ○ consequences. Average time it takes for alcohol to leave the bloodstream) ○ Answer: It takes about 12 hours for it to leave the bloodstream. Hangover cause and effects ○ Answer: Alcohol increases urination and excess loss of fluids. Driving Under the Influence (DUI) ○ Answer: You should not drive under the influence because it can lead to you getting in a crash and m death. It is ok to drive if you ○ い」 ○ 0.08% and are over 21. But if you are under 21 you can only have 0.01%. Legal and Social Consequences of Alcohol consumption (both underage and 21+) ○ Answer: Drunk driving, arrests, court ordered treatment, fines, school absences, and lower grades. 6.1  Poisoning Prevention ○ Answer: Keep all medications out of reach and sight and also keep them in a locked cabinet at all times. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ○ Answer: To assure American workers have safe and healthful working conditions free from unlawful retaliation. Ergonomics ○ Answer: The study of people in their working environment. 6.2 Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) ○ Answer: Cardiac arrest is wh someone loses their heart beat and stops breathing. What you should do is call 911 and then start CPR right ○ away. Risk Factors of SCA ○ Answer: Risk factors are heart problems, age. family history, race Common Reasons People Don’t Perform CPR ○ Answer: common reason why is because they might not know how to do it correctly and don't want to make it worse. Also they don't want to get a disease from the person from doing mouth to mouth. Steps for checking if someone needs CPR ○ Answer: The steps are Check for breathing and pulse, ○ unconsciousness try to wake them up, having trouble breathing, and if you can't feel a pulse then start CPR. Proper Technique of Chest Compressions/CPR ○ Answer: Two hands center of the chest, shoulders are directly over your hands with elbows locked, keep yourself 2 inches away at least, 100 to 120 rate compression, then let the chest return to its normal position after each compression. Automated External Defibrillator (AED) ○ Answer: It is a medical device designed to analyze the heart rhythm and deliver an electric shock to victims of ventricular fibrillation to restore the heart rhythm to normal. First Aid for:  ○ Cuts, Scrapes, Puncture Wounds Answer: Wash your hand with soap and water first then apply pressure with a clean bandage or gauze then clean the wound then rinse the wound for 5 to 10 then, apply an antibiotic ointment to reduce chance of infection. ○ Bites and Stings Answer: Go to a safe place, remove the stinger, wash the area with soap, apply to the affected skin a cloth damped with cold water, and if it happed on your arm or leg then make sure to raise it. ○ Electrical Shock Answer: Check for pulse and if not breathing then start CPR, try to prevent them from becoming chilled, and then apply a gauze banged to cover up any burned areas. ○ Choking Answer: Bend the person over and the waist to face the ground, strike 5 separate times between the person's shoulder blades with the heel of your hand, and then 5 auuummal amds How to Identify and First Aid For ○ 1st Degree Burns (2nd degree under 3 in) ○ Identification: 1st degree burns only affect the outer layer of the skin. 2nd degree burns affect the outer and the underlying layer of the skin. ○ 3rd degree burns affect the deep layers of the skin. ○ First Aid: Cooling them down, keeping them clean, and watching for infection. And if you have a second or third degree burn those require medical assistance. ○ 3rd Degree Burns (2nd degree over 3 in) ○ Identification: 3rd degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis. They might also destroy the underlying bones, muscle, and tendons. It will appear white if it is 3rd degree. ○ First Aid: Call 911, do not remove clothing stuck to the burn, do not soak the burn area in water, cover it with a clean bandage, and keep the burn raised above the heart. ○ Frostbite  ○ Identification: If the skin is paler, cold, or harder than normal then you have frostbite. ○ First Aid: Soak the affected area while warming it, make sure the water is hot and ○ keep the affected area under there until it appears red and is warm, and then loosely bandage the area with dry sterile dressings. ○ Hypothermia ○ : Identification: You have hypothermia if you are sheriving, confusion, ○ drowsiness, weak pulse, cold skin, and loss of consciousness. ○ First Aid: Be gentle with them by moving them out of the cold, remove wet clothing, cover the person with blankets, insulate the person's body, monitor ○ Heat Stroke ○ Identification: Throbbing headache, confusion, nausea, dizziness, body temperature above 103F, hot, red, dry skin, fainting, consciousness. ○ First Aid: Sponge the person with cool water, fan the person while putting cool water on them, put wet towels on the neck, and cover the person with a wet towel. 6.3 How to Stay Safe When Home Alone ○ Answer: Lock all doors and windows, turn on outdoor lights in the evening, keep blinds closed at night, get mail during the day, check your peephole before going outside, and make sure to carry something to defend yourself when outside. How to Stay Safe When Out in Your Community ○ Answer: Keep your neighbors informed, protect your community, install a security system, charge your phone, and secure your home. How to Prevent Fires ○ Answer: Never use a stove range or oven to heat your home. keep combustible and flammable liquids away from heat sources. And never use portable generators inside your house, always outside. How to Prepare for Fires ○ Answer: Draw a map of your home, find 2 ways out of every room, make sure doors and windows are not blocked, choose an outside meeting place in front of  your home, make sure to practice your fire drill after you make one, and make sure that your smoke alarms work. Fire Triangle and How to Stop a Fire ○ Answer: You will need to take away oxygen, heat, and fuel from the fire to put it out. Also using a fire extinguisher, water, or simply removing the fuel or oxygen like I said before. Staying Safe During a Fire ○ Answer: Drop down on the floor and crawl low under any smoke to your exit. Before opening your door check the doorknob to make sure that it is ○ not hot, make sure to open it up slowly, and if you can't get to someone in the fire leave the home and call 911. 6.6 Clean Air Act ○ Answer: The clean air act regulates all sources of air emission. Safe Drinking Water Act ○ Answer: It protects naturally occurring and man made ○ contaminants that could be found in drinking water. Answer: It gives top priority to waste prevention which is followed by reuse, recycling, recovery, and disposal. Green Products Answer: Beehive supplies, solar energy devices, organic produce, recycled activewear, and reusable water bottles. How to Reduce Waste Answer: Go paperless, compost food waste, make recycling easy, thrift shop, buy in bulk, and compost. Energy Efficiency Answer: it is the use of less energy to perform the same task or produce the same result. Reusing Products Answer: you can refill and return product containers, using durable products over disposable where possible, sharing and lending and renting items. ○ Recycling ○ Answer: It is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. ○ Composting ○ Compositing ○ Answer: It is the natural process of recycling organic matter such as leaves and food scraps into a valuable fertilizer that can enrich soil and plants. ○ 7.3 ○ Communicable Diseases ○ Answer: Some communicable disease are chickenpox, Covid 19, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and AIDS, ○ Types of Pathogens ○ Bacteria ○ Answer: pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella, E. ○ Coli, asiatic cholera, botulism, and legionella. ○ Viruses ○ Answer: Common Cold, flu, meningitis, warts, measles, chickenpox, and viral Fungi ○ Parasites ○ Protozoa ○ Answer: ○ Ectoparasites,helminths, protozoans are the 3 types of parasites that can give you a disease. ○ Parasitic Worms ○ Answer: Flatworms or platyhelminthes and the roundworms or nematodes. ○ Mycosis ○ Answer: Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection, aspergillosis, zygomycosis, ○ cryptococcosis, phaeohyphomycosis hyalohyphomycosis. ○ Stages of Infection ○ Incubation ○ Answer: The period from exposure to a pathogen until ○ sumpromo orert. The perso ○ Clinical ○ Answer: the stages of infection are Incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. ○ Convalescent ○ Answer: Symptoms resolve and a person can return to their normal functions. But this all depends on the severity of the infection. ○ Direct Transmission (how is it transmitted and examples of pathogens that spread that way) ○ Direct Contact ○ Transmission: It can be transmitted by the infected person to the healthy person when they have physical contact with the bloodDroplet Spread ○ Examples: Examples are touching, kissing, sexual contact, contact with body lesions. ○ Droplet Spread ○ Transmission: Occurs when a droplet from coughing, sneezing, or talking carry the pathogen to the hosts body. ○ Examples: Strep thro influenza, the comme covid 19. ○ Indirect Transmission (how is it transmitted and examples of pathogens that spread that ○ way) ○ Vector ○ : Transmission: Most commonly transmitted through small respiratory droplets. ○ Examples: Chickenpox, influenza, pertussis, respiratory. ○ : Inflammation ○ Answer: A normal part of your body's response to injuries and invaders. ○ Fever ○ Answer: It is a body temperature that is higher than normal. ○ Non-Communicable Diseases ○ Answer: cancer, cardiovascular, diseases, diabetes, and chronic lung illness. ○ Environmental Factors that Influence ○ Non-Communicable Diseases ○ Answer: pollution, radiation, noise, land use patterns, work environment, and climate change. ○ Behavioral Factors that Influence ○ Non-Communicable Diseases ○ Answer: Tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and the harmful use of alcohol.