Ancient Greece Study Guide 2025 PDF

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 33. | 34. | | | | | \- Mountains and water | The Aegean Sea, Mediterranean | | su...

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 33. | 34. | | | | | \- Mountains and water | The Aegean Sea, Mediterranean | | surrounding prevented attacks | Sea, and Ionian Sea | | from outsiders | | | | | | \- Water routes allowed for easy | | | trade | | | | | | \- Mild climate | | +===================================+===================================+ | 1. | 2. | | | | | The mountainous terrain led to | Greek mythology focuses on | | physical, therefore political, | explaining the unexplainable, and | | isolation. | accounts for human actions as | | | well as natural phenomena. | | | | | | The religion was polytheistic. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 3. | 4. | | | | | | Monarchy - one ruler (chosen to | | | rule) | | | | | | Tyranny - one ruler (by force) | | | | | | Oligarchy (Aristocracy) - a group | | | of rulers | | | | | | Democracy - everyone has an | | | opinion | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 5. | 6. | | | | | Draco (archon) - Harsh Law Code | The polis (city-state) was the | | (Draconian) | Greek political unit. | | | | | Solon (archon) - Council of 500, | People were loyal to the polis. | | freed debtors | | | | | | Peisistratus - improved economy, | | | clashed with nobles | | | | | | Cleisthenes- made transition to | | | democracy | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 7. | 8. | | | | | Free adult men had citizenship | Both were independent | | and could vote. | | | | Limited citizenship | | Women and non-citizens could not. | | | | Had assemblies | | | | | | Military strength | | | | | | Fought against Persians | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 9. | 10. | | | | | Sparta emphasized military | They were independent but became | | training while Athens emphasized | allies to fight off the Persians. | | intellectual development | | | | They later became enemies as | | Sparta = oligarchy, Athens = | Athens became more powerful and | | democracy | Sparta perceived them as a | | | threat. | | Sparta - valley on the | | | Peloponnesus, Athens - | | | mountainous coastline | | | | | | Sparta - agriculture, Athens - | | | trade economy | | | | | | Athens - strong navy, Sparta - | | | strong army | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 11. | 12. | | | | | When did the Persian War take | Marathon - Greeks | | place? Who was involved? Who won? | | | | Thermopylae - Persia | | | | | | Salamis - Greeks | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 13. | 14. | | | | | Athens rebuilt and entered a | Athens had gained more power than | | Golden Age after the Persian War. | some other poli, new alliances | | | formed (Delian & Peloponnesian | | | Leagues), tensions rose, and war | | | began. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 15. | 16. | | | | | Delian League (Athens) v. | The turmoil slowed Greek | | Peloponnesian League (Sparta) | progress, and the economy | | | faltered. | | Peloponnesian League (Sparta) | | | won. | Led to political instability, | | | Phillip II of Macedonia took | | | over. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 17. | 18. | | | | | He was a key leader in Athens | He had many contributions to | | during their golden age. | Athens during the \"Golden Age.\" | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 19. | 20. | | | | | 461-429 BCE | The agora was the marketplace and | | | \"public square\" for the people | | | of Athens. It was located at the | | | middle of the base of the | | | acropolis. | | | | | | The acropolis was the hill at the | | | center of Athens. It was once a | | | fortress and became the site of | | | the Parthenon. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 21. | 22. | | | | | Wrote tragedies - strong | \"The blind poet\" - wrote the | | influence on Greek theater and | Iliad & the Odyssey | | drama. | | | | | | A = Oresteia, Agamemnon | | | | | | S = Oedipus Rex, Antigone | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 23. | 24. | | | | | Historians | Sculptor- was in charge | | | sculptures at the Parthenon, | | Herodotus = \'Father of History\' | statues of Athena & Zeus | | - wrote Historia about the | | | Persian war | | | | | | Thucydides = scientific | | | historian, wrote about the | | | Peloponnesian War | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 25. | 26. | | | | | Doric (simple), Ionic (partially | Archimedes = Scientist/Engineer- | | complex), Corinthian (intricate) | buoyancy, simple machines | | | | | | Hippocrates = Scientist, doctor, | | | Hippocratic oath, stay healthy | | | through hygiene, diet, and | | | exercise. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 27. | 28. | | | | | Euclid- Elements of Geometry | Philosophers- | | | | | Pythagoras- Pythagorean Theorem | Socrates- questioning | | | | | a(a) + b(b) = c(c) | Plato- The Republic | | | | | | Aristotle- logic, philosophy, | | | tutor of Alexander the Great | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 29. | 30. | | | | | Phillip II was king of Macedonia, | Son of Phillip II , ruled Greece, | | conquered Greece after the | strong leader | | Peloponnesian War. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 31. | 32. | | | | | Conquered lands in Egypt, Persia, | Hellenic - \'Greek\' - Greek | | Asia Minor, as far east as the | culture before conquest of | | Indus River. Spread Greek culture | Phillip II | | and infused it with elements of | | | the cultures of the places he | Hellenistic - \'Greek + | | conquered. | Asian/Persian\' - culture created | | | after Alexander the Great ruled | | | multiple civilizations | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+