Ancient Greece Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Who was a key leader in Athens during their golden age?

  • Pericles (correct)
  • Socrates
  • Solon
  • Homer

The agora served as the arena for athletic competitions in Athens.

False (B)

What was the Parthenon?

A temple on the acropolis of Athens.

___ wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey.

<p>Homer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the works with their authors:

<p>Oresteia = Aeschylus Oedipus Rex = Sophocles Iliad = Homer Agamemnon = Aeschylus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Sparta compared to Athens?

<p>Military training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Women and non-citizens had the right to vote in ancient Athens.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who improved the economy of Athens and clashed with the nobles?

<p>Peisistratus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Draco is known for creating the __________ Law Code.

<p>Harsh</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the archons with their contributions:

<p>Draco = Harsh Law Code Solon = Council of 500, freed debtors Peisistratus = Improved economy Cleisthenes = Transition to democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which political unit was a characteristic of Greek society?

<p>Polis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Athens and Sparta remained allies throughout their history.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limited the citizenship in ancient Greece?

<p>Only free adult men had citizenship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geographical feature most significantly helped protect ancient Greek civilization from attacks?

<p>Mountains and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The climate in ancient Greece was predominantly harsh and cold.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of government allows everyone to have a say in decision-making?

<p>Democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Greek mythology primarily focuses on explaining the ______ and human actions.

<p>unexplainable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bodies of water surrounds ancient Greece?

<p>Aegean Sea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the form of government with its description:

<p>Monarchy = One ruler (chosen to rule) Tyranny = One ruler (by force) Oligarchy = A group of rulers Democracy = Everyone has an opinion</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Greek culture, the religion practiced was monotheistic.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the mountainous terrain impact the political structure of ancient Greece?

<p>It led to physical and therefore political isolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which city-state is associated with a strong navy?

<p>Athens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sparta had a trade-based economy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the alliance formed by Athens after the Persian War.

<p>Delian League</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ League was led by Sparta.

<p>Peloponnesian</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battle was a significant victory for the Greeks during the Persian War?

<p>Marathon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Peloponnesian War began due to tensions between Athens and Sparta.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their significance:

<p>Marathon = Greek victory against Persia Salamis = Naval battle won by Greece Thermopylae = Heroic stand by 300 Spartans Peloponnesian War = Conflict between Athens and Sparta</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened after the Peloponnesian War?

<p>Political instability and economic faltering in Greece.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the 'Father of History'?

<p>Herodotus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thucydides wrote about the Peloponnesian War.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Archimedes contribute to science?

<p>Buoyancy and simple machines</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three styles of columns in ancient architecture are Doric, Ionic, and __________.

<p>Corinthian</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following philosophers with their contributions:

<p>Socrates = Questioning method Plato = The Republic Aristotle = Logic and philosophy Pythagoras = Pythagorean Theorem</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scientists is associated with the Hippocratic Oath?

<p>Hippocrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phillip II of Macedonia conquered Greece before the Peloponnesian War.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theorem is Pythagoras famously known for?

<p>Pythagorean Theorem</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Greek Terrain

The rough landscape created natural barriers, protecting the Greeks from outside threats and limiting travel within Greece.

Greek Mythology

Ancient Greeks used mythology to explain events and natural phenomena, leading to a polytheistic (multiple gods) belief system.

Monarchy

A form of government where one person rules by birthright or tradition. Often passed down within families.

Tyranny

A form of government where one person rules by force. Often taking power illegally.

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Oligarchy (Aristocracy)

A form of government where a select group of people (usually wealthy or powerful) rule.

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Democracy

A form of government where all citizens have the right to participate in decision-making. This could take many forms, but typically involved voting.

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Greek Seas

Greek geography was defined by its proximity to the Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean Seas, providing access for easy trade and travel.

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Greek Climate

The Greek climate was characterized by mild temperatures and favourable conditions for agriculture and trade.

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What was the agora?

The heart of Athens during its golden age, a marketplace and public square where citizens gathered.

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What was the Acropolis?

This hill was a fortress in ancient times and later housed the iconic Parthenon, symbolizing Athenian power.

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Who was Pericles?

He led Athens during its golden age, a time of great prosperity and artistic achievement.

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Who was Sophocles?

This renowned playwright wrote tragedies that still resonate today, exploring themes of fate and human nature.

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Who was Homer?

He is considered the 'blind poet' and is famed for writing the Iliad and the Odyssey, epic tales that showcase ancient Greek mythology.

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Polis

The basic unit of Greek government, like a city-state.

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Draconian Law

A harsh, strict law code; extremely severe punishments.

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Solon

An Athenian leader who reformed the government by creating a Council of 500 and freeing debtors.

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Peisistratus

An Athenian leader who improved the economy and clashed with the wealthy nobles.

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Cleisthenes

An Athenian leader who made the transition to democracy, giving more power to the people.

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Athenian Citizenship

In ancient Athens, only free, adult, male citizens could vote.

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Sparta vs. Athens

Sparta and Athens were independent city-states that fought against the Persians.

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Athenian and Spartan Strengths

Athens focused on intellectual development and democracy, while Sparta prioritized military training and strict control over the state.

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Sparta vs. Athens: Geography

Sparta's environment was in a valley with mountains, while Athens sat on a coastal area covered in hills.

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Sparta vs. Athens: Economy

Sparta focused on farming, while Athens relied on trade for their economy.

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Sparta vs. Athens: Military

Sparta created a powerful military force, while Athens prioritized a strong navy.

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When did the Persian War happen?

The Persian War took place largely between 492 and 449 BCE (with some smaller battles lasting until 449 BCE). Greece (mostly Athens and Sparta) fought against the Persian Empire.

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What were some key battles of the Persian War?

The Persian War had several key battles, including Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. The Greeks ultimately won.

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Golden Age of Athens

After the Persians were defeated, Athens experienced a period of prosperity known as the Golden Age. This was marked by artistic, philosophical, and architectural advancements.

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Alliances after the Persian War

Athens formed the Delian League, while Sparta led the Peloponnesian League. These alliances grew in power and eventually clashed in a major war.

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Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War, fought between Athens and Sparta, ended with a Spartan victory. This war resulted in widespread destruction throughout Greece and contributed to the decline of Greek civilization.

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Who is Herodotus?

Herodotus was a Greek historian who is often called the "Father of History" because of his work "Historia," which chronicled the Persian Wars.

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What makes Thucydides special?

Thucydides was a Greek historian who is known for his scientific approach to history. He wrote about the Peloponnesian War, a conflict between Athens and Sparta.

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What are three main architectural styles of the ancient Greeks?

Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian are three main architectural styles developed by the ancient Greeks. Doric is the simplest, Ionic is more ornate, and Corinthian is the most elaborate.

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Who was Archimedes?

Archimedes was an ancient Greek scientist and engineer who made important discoveries in the fields of buoyancy, simple machines, and mathematics.

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Who is Hippocrates known for?

Hippocrates was an ancient Greek physician considered the "Father of Medicine." He emphasized the importance of hygiene, diet, and exercise for good health and is known for the Hippocratic Oath, a set of ethical guidelines for doctors.

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Who was Euclid?

Euclid was a Greek mathematician who wrote the influential "Elements of Geometry," which is a foundational text in geometry.

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Who was Pythagoras?

Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher and mathematician known for the Pythagorean Theorem, which describes the relationship between the sides of a right triangle.

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Name three influential Greek philosophers.

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were influential Greek philosophers who shaped Western thought. Socrates emphasized critical thinking through questioning. Plato wrote "The Republic", a philosophical treatise on ideal governance. Aristotle focused on logic, philosophy, and was a tutor of Alexander the Great.

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Study Notes

Ancient Greece Study Guide

  • Geographic Features of Greece: Mountains and water surrounding the peninsula prevented attacks and facilitated trade via water routes. Mild climate supported settlement.

  • Greek City-States' Disunity: The mountainous terrain isolated city-states, leading to political isolation and preventing unification.

  • Major Gods and Goddesses: Greek mythology included important deities like Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Athena, and Apollo, each with significant roles and influence.

  • Tyrants of Athens: Draco (Harsh Law Code), Solon (Council of 500, debt relief), and Peisistratus (economic improvements, clashed with nobles), and Cleisthenes (transition to democracy) played pivotal roles. Early goals and accomplishments/failures are detailed in the text.

  • Athenian Political Power: Adult male citizens held political power and could vote. Women and non-citizens were excluded.

  • Greek Mythology and Religion: Greek mythology explained the unexplainable, human actions, and natural phenomena. Their religion was polytheistic.

  • Stages of Athenian Government: Monarchy, Tyranny, Oligarchy/Aristocracy, and Democracy are the 4 stages mentioned. Specific aspects of each form of governance are described in the text.

  • Meaning of Polis: The polis (city-state) was the primary political unit, with a high degree of loyalty.

  • Sparta vs. Athens (Comparing): Both were independent, had limited citizenship, assemblies, military strength, and fought against Persia.

  • Sparta vs. Athens (Differences): Sparta prioritized military training and Athens intellectual development. Sparta was in the Peloponnese valley, Athens on a mountainous coastline, and their economic philosophies differed (agriculture vs trade).

  • Persian War: The text provides timeline information; The Persians' motives and actions, and victors of key battles are listed.

  • Effects of the Persian War on Athens: The war allowed Athens to rebuild and enter a Golden Age.

  • Peloponnesian War: The Delian League (Athens) vs Peloponnesian League (Sparta). The Peloponnesian League won.

  • Pericles: A key leader in Golden Age of Athens. The text highlights his importance.

  • Golden Age of Pericles (period): Timeline and accomplishments.

  • Acropolis and Agora: The Acropolis and agora were the center of Athens- a marketplace and a hub.

  • Important Figures and their Contributions: The text details figures like Aeschylus, Sophocles, Homer, Phidias, Archimedes, Hippocrates, Euclid, Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and Alexander the Great, mentioning their achievements, works, and importance.

  • Alexander the Great and Hellenistic Age: His empire's extent, impact on the spread of Greek culture, and characteristics of the Hellenistic civilization period.

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Ancient Greece Study Guide 2025 PDF

Description

Explore the geographic features, disunity of city-states, significant deities, and influential tyrants of Ancient Greece. This guide covers the political dynamics of Athens and the role of mythology in their culture. Test your knowledge of these fundamental aspects of Ancient Greek civilization.

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