Grade 6 Science: The Human Body Systems PDF

6 Science Quarter 2 – Module 1: The Human Body Systems (Skeletal, Integumentary and Digestive System) CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1 Science – Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 1: The Human Body Systems: Skeletal Sy...

6 Science Quarter 2 – Module 1: The Human Body Systems (Skeletal, Integumentary and Digestive System) CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1 Science – Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 1: The Human Body Systems: Skeletal Systems First Edition, 2019 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Authors: Nancy N. Torres, Judy C. Villanueva, Jamicah,B. Barcenal, Juliemar D. Lestimoso Editors: Rovel R. Salcedo, Ma. Ana C. Ebon, Reviewers: Marilou D. Aribas, Ana Maria M. Espende, Eleah Joy T. Poneles, Girlie A. Panaguiton, Ester I. Posadas Illustrators: Ronald R. Castillo, Kharlo L. Gambale Layout Artist: Roxan E. Del Castillo, Armand D. Subingsubing Graphic Artist: Gilbert Paulo C. Pagapang Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma, Josilyn S. Solana, Allan B. Yap, Lynee A. Peñaflor Elena P. Gonzaga, Donald T. Ginine, Rovel R. Salcedo, Ma. Lourdes V. Teodoro, Ma. Ana C. Ebon, Raymund L. Santiago Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region VI-Western Visayas Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000 Telefax: (033) 336-2816, (033) 509-7653 E-mail Address: [email protected]  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the human body systems. The scope of this module is used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. This module is divided into three lessons: Lesson 1: Identifying the major parts of skeletal system Explaining how each organ of the skeletal system works together Lesson 2: Describing the parts of the integumentary system Explaining how each part of the integumentary system works together Lesson 3: Naming the major parts of digestive system Explaining how each part of the digestive system works together After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Identify the major parts of skeletal system 2. Explain how each organ of the skeletal system works together 3. Describe the parts of the integumentary system 4. Explain how each part of the integumentary system works together 5. Name the major parts of the digestive system 6. Explain how each part of the digestive system works together 1 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  What I Know Directions: Read the following questions/items. Choose the correct answer from the given choices. Write your answer in your Science journal. 1. The following are the functions of the skeletal system, except a. It gives shape to the body. b. It serves as the framework of the body. c. It protects the internal organ of the body. d. It circulates oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. 2. Why is bone marrow important to the body? a. It stores much fat. b. It makes the bone strong. c. It produces red blood c e l l. d. It produces new bone cell. 3. It manufactures the blood cells in the body. a. bone marrow b. blood c. blood cell d. hinge joints 4. Which body system that protects the organs of the body such as the heart, lungs, and brain? a. skeletal system b. circulatory system c. muscular system d. digestive system 5. The skin is the largest organ in your body. Which of the following describe the function of the skin? I. Protects the body from physical and chemical injuries II. Makes the skin darker III. Acts as sensory response IV. Helps in the formation of Vitamin D V. Regulates body temperature VI. Carries the body wastes 2 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  a. I, III, V, VI c. II, III, IV, VI b. I, II, III, IV, V d. I, II, III, V, VI 6. What is the integumentary system made of? I. Teeth II. Skin III. Bones IV. Nails V. Hair VI. Eyes VII. Sweat Glands a. II, III, IV, V c. III, IV, V, VI b. II, IV, V, VII d. I, IV, V, VII 7. What is the skin’s natural oil? a. Sweat c. Sebum b. Melanin d. Vegetable oil 8. What system is composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine? a. Digestive System b. Respiratory System c. Circulatory System d. Excretory System 9. Where does digestion begin? a. nose b. esophagus c. mouth d. rectum 10. Where does final digestion take place? a. small intestine b. large intestine c. esophagus d. mouth 3 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  Lesson The Skeletal System 1 In your Grade 4 Science, you have learned the major organs of the body and how these organs work together to make the body function properly. You have also learned that plants and animals have body structures that help them survive in their particular habitat. In the succeeding lessons, you will learn that the organs of the body are organized into different systems that perform specific functions. What’s In A. Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your answer in your Science journal. 1. The heart is the organ of the body that pumps the blood. 2. The liver is the smallest gland in the body. 3. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs in the renal system. 4. The small intestine is the narrow-coiled tube connected to the stomach. 5. The bones are important parts of the body. 6. The hinge joints are the joints that can be bent back and forth. 7. Ball and socket joints are the joints that allow circular and free movement. 8. Cartilages are soft, bony, and elastic pads between bones that serve as cushion. 9. The appendicular skeleton is composed of the fore limbs. 10. The axial skeleton is composed of the shoulder, pelvic girdle, backbone, skull, and rib cage. 4 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  What’s New The human body is made up of different kinds of bones. These bones are called skeleton. The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones that are connected to one another by ligaments. At birth, infants have around 300 bones fused together when they become adults. These bones work together as a system called a skeletal system. The skeletal system serves as the framework of the body. Its major functions are body support, facilitation of movement, protection of internal organs, storage of minerals and fats, and blood cell formation. Activity Directions: Label the parts of skeletal system. Write your answer in your Science journal. What Is It The skeletal system is mainly composed of bones which are classified into two divisions, the axial and the appendicular skeleton. 5 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1 The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. These bones form the axes or framework of the trunk and head. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the shoulder, arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet. Below is an illustration showing the axial and appendicular skeleton: THE AXIAL / THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON skull sternum clavicle scapula rib humerus ulna spine pelvic girdle coccyc radius carpals metacarpals phalange femur patella tibia fibula tarsal metatarsal phalange Figure 1: Parts of Axial/Appendicular Skeleton 6 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1 All other bones of skeletal system are classified into 4 as shown in the table below: Classification of Bones Illustration Location limbs like arms Long bones and legs Short bones wrist and ankles Flat bones shoulder blades and skull Irregular bones face and vertebrae Figure 2: Classification of Bones One of the axial skeletons is the skull which consists of cranium and facial bones. The cranium is made up of eight bones joined together to form a rigid case that protects the brain. The face is made up of 14 facial bones. The eye socket protects the eyeball while mandible or jawbone is movable bone that holds the teeth. The spinal column or vertebrae (neck and backbone) are irregular bones that protect the spinal cord while the ribcage protects the lungs and the heart. Vertebrae are arranged on top of the other and move over each other slightly. There are 33 vertebrae in the spinal column of a child and 26 in an adult. This is so because as the child grows, the last seven bones join together to form just two bones. Ribs are the bones at the side of the chest. There are 12 pairs of ribs. The upper 7 pairs are the true ribs because they are connected to the breastbone and the last two pairs are not connected. These ribs are called floating ribs. The shoulder has the collarbone found in front of it. Scapula is the shoulder bone found at the back of your shoulder. The appendages found in the lower extremities are composed of pelvic bones. Pelvic bones support the lower parts of the body and aid the movement of the legs. The upper arms have one long bone called the 7 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  humerus and two bones in the lower arm are known as the radius and ulna. Radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm. The other bone is the ulna. The ulna is usually slightly longer than the radius while the latter is usually thicker. The wrist connects the hand to the forearm. Each wrist or carpal consists of 8 bones. The palm or metacarpal has 5 bones. Inside the bones are bone marrows that are very important for the body to manufacture blood cells. Bone marrows are of two types, the red bone marrow and the yellow bone marrow. The red bone marrow is found in the humerus, femur, pelvis and vertebrae while the yellow bone marrow is found in many other bones. The human skeletal system has several important functions. 1. Support -The skeletal system provides the framework which supports and maintains shape of the body. It gives the body much needed support. 2. Protection -The skeletal system protects the internal organ of the body. 3. Movement- The skeletal system provides an attachment for the muscle which makes body movements possible. 4. Storage and Supply- The skeletal system stores important minerals like calcium and phosphorus and produces both red and white blood cells. What’s More Activity 1 Directions: Study the name of the bones inside the box. Classify them into Axial or Appendicular. Write your answer in your Science Journal. Skull humerus Carpal femur ribs tibia spine scapula tarsal ulna Axial Appendicular Ex. Skull femur 8 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  Activity 2 Directions: Explain briefly how the skeletal system works based on their functions: Functions of the Skeletal System Explain briefly how the skeletal system works A. support the body Provides framework of the body A. protect the internal organs B. enable movement C. store minerals D. supply red and white cell What I Have Learned Directions: Complete the paragraph below by supplying the missing words. Write your answer in your Science journal. I learned that… The ____________________________ provides the structural framework of the body and protects internal organs, such as _____________________, __________________ and ____________. The human skeleton consists of two divisions - the______________________ and the _____________________________ skeleton. What I Can Do Directions: Answer the following questions in your Science journal. 1. Knowing the functions of the skeletal system, could you imagine yourself without a bone? Explain your answer in at least 3 sentences. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  2. The table below shows some common bone injuries. Supply practices/activities that can help avoid these injuries. Bone Injuries Practices/Activities on How To Avoid the Injuries Fracture Dislocation Sprain Additional Activities Direction: Make a model of human skeletal system using recyclable materials. Then explain the importance of the materials used in making the model in relation to the function of the skeletal system. (Rubrics for Skeletal Model): The output will be based on the Rubrics given below. 1 2 3 4 Creativity The invention The student’s The student The student shows little or works lacks demonstrates demonstrates no evidence sincere originality. a unique level of original originality. of originality. thought. Effort The student The student The student The student does not finishes the completes the gives effort finish the project, but it project in an beyond the work in a lacks above average requirements satisfactory finishing manner, yet of this answer. touches or more could project. can be have been improved done. with little effort. Skill The student The student The student The student shows poor shows shows above shows craftmanship. average average outstanding craftmanship. craftmanship. craftmanship. 10 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  Rubrics for Essay: Features 4 3 2 1 Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner Quality of Very Somewhat Gives some Gives no new Writing informative informative and new information and and well- organizedinformation very poorly organized but poorly organized organized Grammar, No spelling, Few spelling and A number of So many Usage & punctuation punctuation spelling, spelling, Mechanics or errors, minor punctuation punctuation and grammatical grammatical or grammatical errors errors grammatical errors that errors interfere with the meaning Lesson The Integumentary System 2 You have learned from the previous module that the skeletal system provides framework and support to the body. You have also learned that bones are classified as axial and appendicular. Do you know what other organs comprise your body and how they function? What organ covers your body? How does it protect you? The integumentary system is composed of organs that form the external covering of the body and protects it from many threats from our environment. Without it, our muscles and other internal organs will be exposed to outside environment. As you walk through this module, you will be able to describe the parts and functions of the integumentary system. 11 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  What’s In Directions: Using the clues, fill in the missing letter (for the correct answer) to form the correct word. Write your answer in your Science journal. Vocabulary Builder 1. The _ _ _ n is the largest organ of the body. 2. The outer layer of the skin is the e ________ i _. 3. Hair, toenails and fi _ _ _ _ n ___ s are also part of the skin. 4. The s _______ t as waste product of the body comes out of the pores of our skin. 5. They are tiny holes in the skin where tiny hairs are located. _ __ _ pore, sweat, fingernails, epidermis, skin, hair What’s New The integumentary system is composed of organs that form the external covering of the body and protect it from many threats such as infection, desiccation, abrasion, chemical assault and radiation damage. In humans the integumentary system comprises the skin and its appenda ges acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage such as loss of water and damages from the outside. It is also made of specialized cells that secrete melanin to protect the body from the carcinogenic effects of UV rays and cells that have an immune function. Sweat glands that excrete wastes and regulate body temperature are also part of the integumentary system. 12 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1 Directions: Analyze the picture of the skin and answer the following questions. Write your answer in your Science Journal. Pore of sweat gland Epidermis Dermis Sweat gland Hypo-dermis 1. The outer layer of the skin is _______. 2. It is known as the layer directly below the epidermis _ _____. 3. Beneath the dermis is the , a layer of connective tissue that stores fat and helps the body in retaining heat. 4. The ______ is a tabular structure located in the skin whose function is to and produces sweat. 5. The _____ is the opening upon the skin of the hair follicle, which extends downward through several layers of skin. What Is It The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside environment. It also helps to retain body fluids, protects against disease, eliminates waste products, and regulates body temperature. In order to do these things, the integumentary system works with all the other systems of our body, each of them has a role to play in maintaining the internal conditions that a human body needs to function properly. The integumentary system serves as one of the first lines of defense of our body against pathogens. Hair-helps keep you warm Nails- give structure to the ends of our fingers Glands- release oils for moisture and protection Nerves- send and receive messages to the brain 13 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM The integumentary system has many functions, most of them are involved in protecting you and regulating your body’s internal functions in a variety of ways: 1. Protects the body's internal living tissues and organs 2. Protects against invasion by infectious organisms 3. Protects the body from dehydration 4. Protects the body against abrupt changes in temperature 5. Helps in disposing waste materials 6. Acts as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold 7. Stores water and fat Hair shaft Layers of the Skin Figure 3: Layers of the Skin The human skin is composed of different essential parts such as the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is composed of epithelial cells that serve as the outer layer of the skin. The outer layer of the epidermal cells secrete protein which is referred to as the keratin. The dermis is the layer directly below the epidermis. This layer is 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis. It is composed of connective tissues to prevent the skin from tearing and enable the skin to return to its normal state after being stretched. The hypo dermis is the layer beneath the dermis composed of connective tissue that stores fats and helps the body in retaining heat. Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands , are small tubular structures of the skin that produces sweat. The hair root is the part of the hair below the surface of the skin. It is the part that includes and/or interacts with many other associated structures within the dermis and hypodermis layers of skin. The hair shaft is the visible part of the hair that protrudes through the skin. The skin’s color is created by special cells called melanocytes which produce the pigment, melanin. Melanocytes are located in the epidermis. 14 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  What’s More Directions: Study each question carefully and explain your answer briefly. Write your answer in your Science Journal. 1. Describe the parts of the integumentary system. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Explain how the parts of integumentary system work together. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why is the skin considered as the first line of defense of our body against microorganisms? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ What I Have Learned Complete the concept map below. Write your answer in your Science journal. Integumentary System Different Parts Functions 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 15 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  What I Can Do Directions: Read each statement carefully and discuss your answer briefly. Give at least 2 practices for each question. Write your answer in your Science Journal 1. Too much exposure to the sun can damage your skin. What should you do to protect your skin from sunburn? A. ______________________________________________ B. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. One of the most dangerous diseases of integumentary system is skin cancer. What would you do to avoid skin cancer? A. __________________________________________________ B. ________________________________________________________________________ Additional Activities Read the following statements carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong. Write your answer in your Science Journal. ____1. Too much exposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun is good for the skin. _____2. The fingernails must be properly trimmed to prevent the accumulation of dirt and other unwanted substances. ______3. In keeping our skin, nails and hair healthy, we must avoid using products with strong chemicals. _____4. Consulting the dermatologist regularly is highly encouraged to maintain good health of your integumentary system. _____5. Integumentary system is considered as one of the first lines of defense of our body against pathogens. 16 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1 Lesson 3 The Digestive System Did you ever wonder how the food we eat breaks down into smaller pieces? This is the work of the different organs of our digestive system. The substances which are needed by our body cannot be absorbed into our blood until they have broken down further into smaller pieces. The digestive system is composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. These organs work together to break down the food we eat into smaller pieces for the use of our body. What’s In Encircle the parts of the digestive system. Write your answer in your Science Journal. mouth lungs trachea nose esophagus anus large intestine bronchi dermis small intestine alveoli stomach 17 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  What’s New Whatever you do, you need energy. To have energy, you have to eat. You have learned that you get energy from the food you eat. Before food can be distributed and absorbed by the cells of the body, it must be changed first to soluble materials. The process of breaking down and dissolving the food so that it can be taken into the blood to be used by the body is called digestion. The organs that do work for digestion make up the Digestive System. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Activity: Look at the diagram of the digestive system. Identify the numbered parts. Write your answer in your Science journal. 1. 3. 4. 2. 5. 1. (mouth, small intestine) 2. (large intestine, mouth) 3. (large intestine, esophagus) 4. (anus, stomach) 5. (mouth, small intestine) 18 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1  What Is It 1. MOUTH 2. ESOPHAGUS STOMACH 4. LARGE INTESTINE 3. SMALL INTESTINE 5. RECTUM Figure 4: The Parts of the Digestive System The digestive system is composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The process of breaking down the food into a form that can be absorbed for use by the body is called digestion. Digestion starts in the mouth. The teeth cut and grind the food. The saliva, a liquid in the mouth moistens the food and changes starch to sugar. The ptyalin as an enzyme in saliva helps in the digestion of starch. When the food is swallowed, it enters the esophagus, a long muscular tube that starts from the back of the throat and ends in the stomach. The food is pushed down the esophagus into the stomach by rhythmic, wave- like muscle movements known as peristalsis. The food then travels to the stomach, a muscular pouch that secretes gastric juice. In the stomach, the food is broken down into smaller pieces. The gastric juices in the starch act on the food and split proteins and fats. The food goes to the small intestine, a 7-meter coiled long tube in the lower abdomen where food is finally digested and absorbed. Undigested food goes to the large intestine. The large intestine is also, a temporary storage of water. The feces which are the waste product of digestion are stored in the lower 19 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 1 part of the large intestine called rectum. The rectum stores this waste until it is eliminated through the anus. What’s More Identify each organ by writing its correct name in the blank provided. Write your answer in your Science journal. 3 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. _______________ 20 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module1  What I Have Learned Complete the statements below. Choose your answer from the given list. Write your answer in your Science journal. small intestine large intestine stomach anus rectum esophagus mouth ptyalin peristalsis digestion The process of breaking down the food that can be absorbed for the use of the body is called________. Digestion starts in the _________. The _________as an enzyme moistens the food. From the mouth, the food enters a long muscular tube that starts from the back of your throat. The food then travels to the _________where it is broken down into smaller pieces. The food is pushed down the esophagus into the stomach by rhythmic, wave-like movements known as _________. The food goes to the ________, a 7-meter coiled long tube in the lower abdomen where final digestion takes place. Undigested food goes to the__________. The undigested food is eliminated through the___________. What I Can Do Read the situation below and explain your answer briefly. 1. Maja accidentally swallowed the santol seed. What do you think will happen to the seed as it reaches the small intestine? 2. Why do you need to chew the food well? 21 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module1  Additional Activities Put check under the YES column if the statement agrees with the function of each organ of the Digestive System and check under the NO column if not. ORGANS FUNCTIONS YES NO Mouth It is where the food is chewed and cut into smaller pieces. Esophagus It is the passageway for air. Large Intestine It stores the undigested food. Rectum It is where the food enters. Small Intestine It is where the final digestion of food takes place. Assessment Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet. 1. It provides the structural framework of the body and protects internal organs such as heart, lungs and brain. a. skeletal system b. muscular system c. heart d. bones 22 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module1 2. Which of the following bones protects the lungs? a. clavicle b. ribs c. scapula d. sternum 3. Which is not a function of the skeletal system? a. It controls movement and balance of the body. b. It serves as the framework of the body. c. It protects the internal organ of the body. d. It gives support to the body. 4. In which part does digestion begin? a. esophagus b. mouth c. anus d. intestine 5. Which of the following statements best describes the skin? a. the largest sense organ b. receives information about your environment c. protects your body in any way d. all of the above 6. Which one of the following is NOT a primary function of the integumentary system? a. protection c. reproducti on b. secretion d. sensation 7. Which is affected when a person suffers from first degree burns? a. epidermis b. excoriation c. dermis d. subcutaneous layer 8.Where is food finally digested and absorbed? a. small intestine b. esophagus c. large intestine d. mouth 23 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module1 9.Which shows the correct order of food travelling through the digestive system after it is swallowed? a. stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small i ntestine b. small intestine, large intestine, esophagus, stomach c. esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine d. esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine 10. Which of the following statements best describes the function of the digestive system? a. It releases acids and mixes food. b. It aids in absorption of nutrients from food. c. It carries food from stomach to the intestine. d. It breaks down food so that the body can absorb food nutrients. 24 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module1 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module1 25 Lesson 3 Lesson 2 Lesson 1: What’s In What’s In Mouth Skin Large intestine Epidermis Sm all intestine Fingernails Stom ach Sweat pores Esophagus Anus What’s New Epidermis What’s New Dermis Mouth Large intestine Hypodermis Esophagus Sweat gland What’s New Stom ach Pore of sweat gland Pls. refer to Figure 1. Sm all intestine What’s More Activity I What’s More What’s More Answer may vary 1. m outh 2. stom ach What I Have Learned 3. large intestine Answer may vary Activity II 4. sm all intestine Answer may vary 5. Anus Additional Activities False What I Have Learned True Digestion True Mouth True Ptyalin True Esophagus Stom ach Answer Key References A. Book Abutay, Lelani R. et al. Science-Grade 4 Teacher’s Guide. 5th Floor Mabini Building, DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines: Lexicon Press, INC., 2015. Abutay, Lelani R. et al. Science-Grade 4 Learner’s Material. 5th Floor Mabini Building, DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines: Lexicon Press, INC., 2015. Lozada, Buena A., Augusto T. Mendoza. Science for Daily Use Textbook 4. Wonders of Integrated Science and Health. K-6th Streets, East Kamias, Quezo City: St. Matthew’s Publishing, 2016. Curriculum Guide in Science S66LTIIa-b-2. Cruz, Juanita M. et al. Into the Future: Science and Health 6. 4th Floor SEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120 Thailand Corner, Legaspi St., Legaspi Village, Makati City, Philippines: Lexicon Press INC., 2010. Dela Cruz, Agnes B. et al. SciENEGERY (TIMSS-based Learning Materials) For Elementary Level. 28b Venus St., Merryland Village, Namayan, Mandaluyong City: B2G2 Enterprises, 2008. Padpad, Evelyn Castante. The New Science Links Worktext in Science and Technology 6. 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St, Manila Philippines: Rex Book Store INC., 2017. Reyes, Hap S. et al. Lesson Plan in Science 5. 2350 Leyte Street, San Andres, Malate, Manila: Reevee Book Supply, 2017. Tan, Conchita T. Science for Daily Use 5. 16 Horizon St., Rim View Park, SSS Village, Marikina City: JICA Enterprises, 2012. National Geographic Kids Almanac, 2016. Scholastic Almanac for Kids, 1200 Westlake Ave. North Seattle, WA 98109 Scholastic Inc., 2014. B. Electronic Resources Google. “Google Privacy Policy.” Accessed July 15, 2020. http:// www.humanbodysystem.com /types.com/intl /en /privacy policy.html. Google. “Google Privacy Policy.” Accessed June 15, 2020. http:// www.skeletalsystem.com /intl/en/privacypolicy.html. 26 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module1  6 Science Quarter 2 – Module 2: The Human Body Systems (Respiratory System, Circulatory System & Nervous System) CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 Science – Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 2: The Human Body Systems First Edition, 2019 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Authors: Nancy N. Torres, Judy C. Villanueva, Jamicah,B. Barcenal, Juliemar D. Lestimoso Editors: Rovel R. Salcedo, Ma. Ana C. Ebon, Reviewers: Marilou D. Aribas, Ana Maria M. Espende, Eleah Joy T. Poneles, Girlie A. Panaguiton, Ester I. Posadas Illustrators: Ronald R. Castillo, Kharlo L. Gambale Layout Artist: Roxan E. Del Castillo, Armand D. Subingsubing Graphic Artist: Gilbert Paulo C. Pagapang Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma, Josilyn S. Solana, Allan B. Yap, Lynee A. Peñaflor Elena P. Gonzaga, Donald T. Ginine, Rovel R. Salcedo, Ma. Lourdes V. Teodoro, Ma. Ana C. Ebon, Raymund L. Santiago Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region VI-Western Visayas Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000 Telefax: (033) 336-2816, (033) 509-7653 E-mail Address: [email protected]  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the human body systems. The scope of this module is used i n many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. This module is divided into three lessons: Lesson 1 – Respiratory System Lesson 2 – Circulatory System Lesson 3 – Nervous System After going through this module, you are expected to: Identify the different organs of the respiratory system, circulatory system, and nervous system Describe the parts and functions of each organ of the respiratory system, circulatory system and nervous system Explain how the organs of each organ system work together What I Know Directions: Read the following item and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your Science journal. 1. Which part of the respiratory system where air, water, and food pass through? a. larynx b. trachea c. pharynx d. epiglottis 1 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 2. What is the main organ of the respiratory system? a. alveoli b. bronchi c. diaphragm d. lungs 3. These are small pouches or sacs in the lungs where exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place. a. bronchial tube b. nostrils c. alveoli d. nasal cavity 4. Which part of the circulatory system carries blood throughout the body? a. blood vessels b. heart c. blood d. veins 5. It is the pumping organ of the circulatory system. a. heart b. blood c. blood vessels d. veins 6. It is referred to as the river of life. a. blood vessels b. heart d. capillaries c. blood 7. It is considered as the functional unit of the nervous system. a. brain b. neurons c. muscles d. bones 2 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  8. It controls and coordinates the activities of the whole nervous system. a. central nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. nervous system d. brain 9. It is a system that controls other parts of the body. a. nervous system b. circulatory system c. digestive system d. respiratory system 10. It is the primary organ of the central nervous system contained within the skull. a. brain b. axon c. dendrites d. cell body 3 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  The Respiratory System Take a deep breath. Observe where the air goes as it enters your nose to the lungs. Breathing process involves different organs in the respiratory system as we take in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of these gases in the bloodstream, the body cells, and the atmosphere. What’s In Respiratory system consists of organs that take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide from the body. Encircle all the parts of the respiratory system from words inside the box. stomach alveoli nostrils lungs small intestine trachea epiglottis large intestine anus What’s New Directions: Guess the concept being described in each item. Unscramble the letters of the highlighted word to come up with the correct answer. Write your answers in your Science journal. 1. I am the gas that is given off during exhalation. ONBCAR EDDIOXI 2. I go through the air sacs and into the blood. XYGONE__________ 3. I am a long tube connecting your mouth to your lungs. RATHCAE _____________ 4 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  4. I serve as a passageway for both food and air. NXAPHRY ________ 5. I am made of body parts that help you breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. PISERAROTYR METSYS _______ What Is It The respiratory system is a system that enables the respiration process in all living things. Breathing process is essential to both human and animals in order to live. The process of exchanges of gases with the environment is called respiration. Respiration is the intake of oxygen and its delivery to the cells of the different parts of the body and the release of carbon dioxide. Pharynx Larynx Nasal Cavity Trachea Bronchi Lung Figure 1: Main Parts of the Respiratory System 5 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 Nasal Cavity The nostrils are the opening into the nasal passages that are lined with hairs. The nasal cavity is lined by glands that produce sticky mucus. Dust, pollen, and other materials are trapped by mucus. This trapping of air impurities helps in filtering the air you breathe. Pharynx and Larynx Pharynx is also called the throat. The common passageway for both food, water, and air. The larynx contains two vocal cords that vibrate when air passes by them. Trachea Trachea is known as the windpipe. It also filters the air we inhale and branches into the bronchi. Bronchi Bronchi are two tubes that carry air into the lungs. Bronchial tubes branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Bronchioles Bronchioles are smaller tubes that branch off into alveoli Alveoli Alveoli are grapelike structures at the end of each bronchioles surround e d by capillaries. Between the alveoli and capillaries, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Lungs Lungs are the main organ of the respiratory system. This is where exchange of gases occurs, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled out. Diaphragm Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that controls breathing which is located at the bottom of the lungs. When we inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves down allowing air to move into the lungs. When we exhale, th e diaphragm expands, thus reducing the amount of space for the lungs and forces air out. Breathing is very important in life. Each organ of respiratory systems works together to circulate oxygen throughout the body. The circulation of oxygen starts from the nostril going through the pharynx and larynx, down to the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles and lastly the air you breath goes at the tiny-walled sacs called alveoli where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. 6 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  What’s More Activity 1 Directions: The parts of the respiratory system are listed below, but they are not in order. Rearrange the organs in order to show how the air circulates in our body. Bronchioles Trachea Pharynx Larynx Bronchi Nostril ____________ _______________ ______________________ _______________________ ____________________ Alveoli Activity 2. Directions: Explain how the organs of respiratory work together as a system. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ What I Have Learned Directions: Fill in the blank with the missing words. Write your answers in your Science journal. I learned that… The parts of the respiratory system are the 7 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  The respiratory system is the system responsible for the exchange of to in the blood to be used by the cells. As you inhale, air enters the and it passes through the nasal cavity, , larynx ,bronchial tube, bronchioles. What I Can Do Directions: Read and understand each question carefully and explain your answer clearly. Write your answers in your Science journal. 1. You are living in a crowded community. How can you protect yourself from respiratory diseases such as cold and pneumonia? Give at least 2 ways. 2. Your classmates catch colds and they sneeze and cough without covering their mouths and noses. What will you do? Additional Activities Directions: List down at least 5 health habits on how to make yourself free from viruses and other germs that cause respiratory diseases. Write you answer on a separate sheet of paper. 8 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  The Circulatory System 2 The circulatory system is one of the most important systems in the human body. It transports the needed blood and nutrients in the body. It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. What’s In Directions: Write the term on the blank to complete every definition. Choose your answer from the words inside the box. heart blood vessels blood 1. They carry blood from the rest of the body to the heart. 2. It is the liquid part that is constantly flowing throughout the body. 3. It keeps the blood moving throughout the body. What’s New Directions: Identify what is being described in the following statements by arranging the given scrambled word/words. Write your answer in your Science journal. 1. These are the lower chambers of the heart. ______________ (triclesven) 2. These are the upper chambers of the heart (atmuir) 3. This is what makes the blood red. It carries oxygen and other nutrients in the blood ____________(moghebinlo) 9 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 4. These blood vessels carry blood to the heart (vensi) 5. These blood vessels carry blood away from the heart. ________ (arrieste) 6. These components of blood help stop or prevent bleeding. ________ (platetel) 7. They are known as leucocytes that have a vital role in the body’s immune system______ (wihte boold clles) 8. It is the main component of blood and consists mostly of water (asplma) 9. It transports blood throughout the body. (boold vsseel) 10. It is the pumping organ of the body. ______(earth) 10 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  What Is It The circulatory system is a transport system of the body. It is responsible for the distribution of blood and other nutrients throughout the body. It is made up of heart, blood and blood vessels namely veins, arteries and capillaries. These vessels carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the body. Blood Vessels Heart Capillaries Veins Arteries Figure 2: The Circulatory System BLOOD The blood is the liquid part that is constantly flowing throughout the body. It is composed of a liquid part called plasma and the solid parts of formed components which are the red blood cells known as the erythrocytes that transport gases to and from the cells. The white blood cells or leucocytes play a vital role in the body’s immune system. They fight bad bacteria, viruses and others that cause infection. The last formed components are the platelets or thrombocytes. They are the smallest of formed components of blood that help in blood clotting. 11 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 BLOOD VESSELS The blood vessels are the vast networks of small tubes that carry blood throughout the body. The arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen -ri ch blood away from the heart. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The capillaries are the smallest blood vessels which serve as a connection between arteries and veins. When blood passes through them, oxygen, food nutrients and wastes pass in and out through capillary walls. BLOOD CIRCULATION The circulatory system has two types of circulation: the pulmona ry circulation which is the movement of deoxygenated blood from the heart and into the lungs and systemic circulation which is the movement of oxygenate d blood from the heart to the different parts of the body. HEART The heart is known as the pumping organ of the body. It keeps the blood moving throughout the body and the average heartbeat of human is 60 to 100 times per minute. It has four chambers: the left and right atrium which are responsible for receiving used blood coming from all parts of the body and the left and right ventricles known as the pumping chambers. When its contracts, oxygen-rich blood is forced away from the heart for the distribution to the different parts of the body. Between atrium and ventricles are valves, the overlapping tissue that allows blood to flow in one direction. The picture below shows the different chambers of the heart and the direction by which blood flows through circulatory system. 12 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 Right side of the heart Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve. When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated. Note that oxygen-poor or CO2 containing blood goes through the pulmonary artery to the lungs where CO2 is exchanged for O2. Left side of the heart (operating at the same time as the right side of the heart) The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle through the open mitral valve. When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts. As the ventricle contracts, oxygen-rich blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta to the arteries and eventually into the veins to complete the blood circulation in the body. The circulatory system is a good example of how body systems interact with each other to keep the body alive. Each organ of the system works together to circulate blood throughout the body. 13 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  What’s More Activity 1 Directions: Complete the sequence below using the given words inside the box. Do it in your Science journal. The rest of the body, Left ventricle, Right ventricle Lungs Left atrium Right atrium Activity 2 Directions: Based on what you have learned, complete the concept map below. Write the correct words in the box to show how blood flows throughout the body. Oxygen- rich Rest of the body 14 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  What I Have Learned Directions: Fill in the blanks. Write your answer in your Science journal. I learned that… The circulatory system is composed of ___________, ____________, and ____________. The is the liquid part that is constantly flowing throughout the body. The heart is known as the organ of the body. The are the vast networks of small tubes that carry blood throughout the body. 15 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  What I Can Do Directions: Read, understand and answer the following questions. Write your answer in your Science journal. 1. Your heart is very important organ of the circulatory system. Enumerate 3 ways on how to take care of your heart so that it can stay healthy. 2. Why do people die if they lose too much blood? 3. Why is the circulatory system important? _______________________ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ _____ __ _______________________ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ _____ __ _______________________ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ _____ __ Additional Activities Make a list of 5 different activities you can do to make your circulatory system healthy. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 16 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  The Human Body System: 3 The Nervous System: Do you ever wonder how you could walk on a beam without losing your balance? Why is it that when you touch something hot, you pull your hand away even before you think about it? You will find the answers to these questions as you read this lesson. What’s In Directions: Read the following sentences. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is Not. Write your answer in your Science journal. 1. The brain of people is smarter than a computer. 2. The nervous system is the body’s internal data processor. 3. The spinal cord is the link between the brain and the nerve cell. 4. The brain is the basic unit of the nervous system. 5. The nerve cells transmit messages from the brain to the different muscles to make them move. 17 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  What’s New The brain is the primary organ of the central nervous system contained within the skull. Identify the different parts of the brain using the choices inside the box. Write your answer in your Science journal. 1 3 2 Parts of the Brain What Is It The body system that controls other parts of the body is the Nervous System. The nervous system receives signals from stimuli inside and outside of the body. The main function of the nervous system is to integrate and coordinate bodily activities. All information outside and inside the body are processed and interpreted by the nervous system. The nervous system has two main parts: The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. 18 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 The Brain The brain is the primary organ of the central nervous system contained within the skull. It receives and interprets countless signals. The brain makes us conscious, emotional and smart. It is the control system for movement, sleep, hunger, thirst and every other vital activity necessary for survival. The brain controls all human emotions like love, hate, fear, anger, elation, and sadness. Cerebrum Hypothalamus Cerebellum Medulla oblangata Brain stem Figure 4: Parts of the Brain 1. Cerebrum (forebrain) – the largest part of the brain. This part receives sensory messages. It acts as the center of emotions, consciousness, learning and voluntary movement. 2. Cerebellum – located beneath the cerebrum. It is smaller than the cerebrum. It coordinates involuntary and muscle action. It is responsible for man’s ability to learn habits and develop skills. It also helps maintain a person’s sense of balance. 3. Brain stem – the elongated area at the base of the brain. It contains vital centers for autonomic functions. The Spinal Cord It is a cordlike material in the backbone. It extends downward from the medulla oblongata through four-fifth of the spinal column. The Peripheral Nervous System collects information from the sense organ such as the eyes and the nose. This information is transmitted to the organs of the central nervous system which deliver decisions to the body parts that will act on the message. It is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body. The neuron or nerve cell is the functional unit of the nervous system. The neuron has three parts. 19 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  Cell body Dendrites Axon Figure 5: Neuron The dendrites are the short fibers around the cell body. They carry messages into the nerve cell. The cell body is the main component of neuron. It maintains the health of the neuron. The axon is the long fiber of the neuron. There are three types of neurons:sensoryneurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. A sensory neuron is typically having long dendrite and axons. A sensory neuron carries messages from the receptor organs (skins, eyes, nose, ears, and tongue) to the nerve center. A motor neuron has short dendrites and long axons. A motor neuron receives information from the nerve centers and transmits it to the effector organs (muscles or glands). Interneurons are found only in central nervous system (brain or spinal cord). They connect sensory neurons to motor neurons. The Autonomic Nervous System controls or regulates body’s internal environment, including the body temperature, pulse and respiration rate, and blood pressure. These are the vital signs. Vital signs reflect the condition your internal organs are in. The Autonomic Nervous System has two divisions: the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nerves. When a sympathetic nerve produces an effect, the parasympath et ic nerve opposes it. For example, if the blood pressure is too high, a message to the brain stimulates the parasympathetic nerve to slow down the heart rate, thus reducing blood pressure. Both systems are directly involved in maintaining normal functions of cells. 20 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  What’s More Activity 1: Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A with the parts of the nervous system in Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer in your Science journal. A B 1. It serves as the functional unit of the a. sympathetic nerve nervous system. 2. It collects information from the sense organ b. neurons such as the eyes and the nose. 3. It serves as the primary organ of the c. peripheral nervous central nervous system. system 4. It controls or regulates body’s internal brain d. nervous system environment, including the body temperature, pulse and respiration rate, and bood pressure. e. automatic nervous 5. It is one of the systems that is directly involved system in maintaining normal functions of cells. f. spinal cord Activity 2: Directions: Identify what major organs of the brain are responsible in controlling the following activities. Write your answer in your Science journal 1. breathing 2. taking a test 3. playing basketball 4. smelling the aroma of a perfume 5. digestion of food 21 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  What I Have Learned Directions: Complete the paragraph by supplying the missing words. Write your answer in your Science journal. I learned that… The __________________________________is the coordinating system of the body. It consists of the _______________________,____________________________, and the nerves. The two divisions of nervous system are central nervous system and _____________. The ___system takes in information through the senses. For example, if you touch a hot stove, the sense of the skin brings the message of pain to your brain. The brain then sends a message back telling the muscles in your hand to pull away. What I Can Do Directions: Read the situation below and answer the question that follows. Write your answer in your Science journal. After a severe accident, a person can write and talk but has to learn to walk again. What part of the nervous system was probably affected? Explain why? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 22 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  Assessment Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet. 1. Why is respiratory system very important to the body? a. It enables carbon dioxide to get into the body. b. It consists of body parts that help the body receive oxygen. c. It helps distribute carbon dioxide to the blood. d. It enables the blood to circulate in your body. 2. How does oxygen in the air get into the blood? a. though the nose b. though the throat c. though the mouth d. though the tiny capillaries 3. What will happen to the cells of the body when there is absence of oxygen? a. The cells will continue to grow and multiply. b. The cells will be inactive. c. The cells will survive. d. The cells will die. 4. How can you keep your heart strong? a. eating heart-shaped candy b. doing activities like playing outside, riding your bike, and swimming c. smoking d. sleeping 18 hours a day 5. What are tubes that carry blood back to the heart? a. arteries b. veins c. pipes d. tubes 6. Which of the following describes the correct passage of blood originating from the left leg? a. Vena cava → left atrium → right atrium → lungs → left ventricle →right ventricle → aorta b. Vena cava → right atrium → left atrium → lungs → right ventricle →left ventricle → aorta c. Vena cava → left atrium → left ventricle → lungs → right atrium →right ventricle → aorta d. Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium →left ventricle → aorta 23 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 7. What is the functional unit of the nervous system? a. brain b. neurons c. muscles d. bones 8. What controls and coordinates the activities of the whole nervous system? a. central nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. nervous system d. brain 9. Which of these is not a function of the peripheral nervous system? a. collects information from the sense organ b. transmits information to the central nervous system c. delivers decisions to the body part which will perform the action d. delivers oxygen to the different parts of the body 10 How do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves work? a. When the sympathetic nerve produces an effect, the parasympathetic nerve produces the same effect. b. When the sympathetic nerve produces an effect, the parasympathetic nerve produces an opposite action. c. They work separately. d. They allow messages to pass through them freely. Additional Activities Directions: Identify what organ systems are involved in the following activities. Write your answer in your Science Journal. 1. swimming 2. drawing 3. computing math problems 4. singing 5. reciting a poem 24 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 25 Lesson 1: Additional Activities Respiratory System Possible answers: What’s More 1. Avoid exposure to I. right atrium, left people who have flu or ventricle, the other viral infections rest of the body 2. Wash your hands II lungs, heart, regularly oxygenated blood 3. Eat healthy, balanced diet 4. Exercise regularly What I Have Learned 5. Get enough rest -Heart, blood abd blood Lungs, alveoli, nostrils, vessels trachea -Blood pumping Lesson 2 What’s New -Blood vessels 1. carbon dioxide What’s In 2. oxygen Blood vessels 3. trachea What I Can do 4. pharynx Blood 5. respiratory system Answers may vary Heart What’s More Additional Activities What’s New Possible answers 1. ventricles 1. Walking 2. atrium 2. Jogging 3. hemoglobin 3. Drinking a lot of water 4. veins 4. Eating healthy f oods 5. arteries 5. Avoiding salty f oods 6. platelet 7. white blood cells 8. plasma 9. blood vessels 10. heart Answer Key CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2 26 Lesson 3 What I Have Learned What’s In -nervous system, brain, spinal cord A. -peripheral nervous 1. TRUE system 2. FALSE -nervous 3. TRUE What I Can Do 4. FALSE Answer m ay vary 5. TRUE Assessment 1.B 6. D What’s New 2.D 7. B 1. cerebrum 3.D 8. D 2. brain stem 4.B 9. D 3. cerebellum 5.B 10. B Additional Activities What’s More Answers may vary 1. neuron 2. peripheral nervous system 3. brain 4. autonomic nervous system 5. sympathetic nerve References A. Book K to 12 Curriculum Guide in Science S6MTIIe-f Padpad, Evelyn Castante. The New Science Links Worktext in Science and Technology 6. 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St, Manila Philippines: Rex Book Store INC., 2017. Cruz, Juanita M, et al, Into the future: Science and Health6, 4th floor SEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120 Thailand Corner, Legaspi Street. Legaspi Village, Makati City. Philippines: Lexicon Press INC., 2010 Tan, Conchita. Science for Daily Use Textbook 5. 16 Horizon St., Rim View Park, SSS Village, Marikina City: JICA Enterprises Vengco, Lilia G, et al, Science for Active Learning Textbook 5, 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, 1999. Daniel, Lucy, et al, Merrill Life Science Textbook, Glencoe Division, Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, 936 Eastwind Drive, Westerville, OH 43081, 1994. Malabonga-Rabago, Lilia, et al, Science and Technology 2, Biology. G. Araneta St. Avenue, Cor. Ma. Clara St., Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City, 1996. Cruz, Juanita M., et al, Into the Future: Science and Health textbook for Science and Health for Grade Six, 4th Floor SEDCCO, Bldg. 120 Thailand corner Legaspi Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City. Olwa Scholastic Press, Inc., 2001. A. Electronic Resources Google.” Google Privacy Policy.” Accessed July 15,2020. http://www.humanbodysystem.com. 27 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 2  6 Science Quarter 2 – Module 3: Explain How the Different Organ System Works Together CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 3 Science – Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 3: Explain How the Different Organ System Works Together First Edition, 2019 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Authors: Nancy N. Torres, Judy C. Villanueva, Jamicah,B. Barcenal, Juliemar D. Lestimoso Editors: Rovel R. Salcedo, Ma. Ana C. Ebon, Reviewers: Marilou D. Aribas, Ana Maria M. Espende, Eleah Joy T. Poneles, Girlie A. Panaguiton, Ester I. Posadas Illustrators: Ronald R. Castillo, Kharlo L. Gambale Layout Artist: Roxan E. Del Castillo, Armand D. Subingsubing Graphic Artist: Gilbert Paulo C. Pagapang Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma, Josilyn S. Solana, Allan B. Yap, Lynee A. Peñaflor Elena P. Gonzaga, Donald T. Ginine, Rovel R. Salcedo, Ma. Lourdes V. Teodoro, Ma. Ana C. Ebon, Raymund L. Santiago Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region VI-Western Visayas Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000 Telefax: (033) 336-2816, (033) 509-7653 E-mail Address: [email protected]  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master how the Major Organs of the Nervous System work with Musculo- Skeletal, Digestive, Respiratory and Circulatory System. The scope of this module is used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. This module is about: Explaining how the different organ systems work together After going through this module, you are expected to: Explain how the major organ systems work together What I Know A. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in your Science journal. 1. Which of the following is the function of integumentary system? a. It serves as a body covering. b. It serves as the pathway of the blood. c. It serves as a sense of touch. d. both a and c 2. How does musculo-skeletal system work together? a. Muscles are attached to the bones and produce movement by contracting and relaxing. b. Muscles are attached to the skin and produce movement by the help of the epidermis. c. Muscles are attached to the ribs and spinal column; thus, they produce movement. d. Muscles are attached to the cartilage, thus producing movement. 1 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 3 3. The following are the works of circulatory system except __________. a. carrying nutrients to the cells b. carrying oxygen to the different parts of the body c. carrying message to the brain d. carrying waste product of the cells 4. How does circulatory system work together with respiratory system? a. Circulatory system breaks down food to be absorbed by the respiratory system as it provides oxygen to the cells. b. Circulatory system carries nutrients to the respiratory system as it provides oxygen to the circulatory system. c. Circulatory system carries message to the respiratory system as it provides oxygen to the circulatory system. d. Circulatory system carries oxygen to the cells of respiratory system as it provides nutrients to the circulatory system. 5. How does digestive system work together with respiratory and circulatory systems? a. Digestive system digests food to be carried out by the circulatory system to the respiratory system as it provides oxygen to the digestive system. b. Digestive system digests food to be carried out by the respiratory system to the circulatory system as it provides oxygen to the digestive system. c. Digestive system carries nutrients to the circulatory system, while circulatory system digests food for the digestive system as it provides oxygen. d. Digestive system provides food and oxygen to the circulatory and respiratory system. 2 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 3 B. Directions: Match the body system in Column A with its proper function in Column B. Write your answer in your Science journal. A B 6. a. provides support and movement 7. b. breaks down food into smaller substances 8. c. helps in breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide 9. d. carries nutrients to the cells and carries out the waste product of the cells 10. e. serves as control unit of the body 3 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 3  Lesson Explain How the Different 1 Organ Systems Work Together Humans are considered as the most complex living things because we are composed of different organ systems. Each part of the body system does a special job as it coordinates with another to perform specific function. These specific tasks carried out by the body enables us to grow, breathe, move, and carry on activities such as dancing, jumping and texting. What’s In Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answer in your journal. 1. Which is the longest bone in the body? a. clavicle c. radius b. ulna d. femur 2. Ribs are bones at the side of the chest. Which of the following organs are protected by the ribs? a. heart and lungs c. liver and intestines b. kidneys and gall bladder d. brain and stomach 3. A type of voluntary muscles that is controlled by the bones and responsible for all kinds of movement. a. Cardiac muscles b. Smooth muscles c. Skeletal muscles d. Involuntary muscles 4. It is an organ in the body that secretes bile that aids in the digestion of fats. a. pancreas c. intestines b. liver d. esophagus 5. What part of the brain is responsible for the control and coordination of motor movement and balance? a. brain stem c. cerebrum b. cerebellum d. hypothalamus 4 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 3 6. What is the main organ of the respiratory system? a. lungs c. pharynx b. bronchi d. nostrils 7. Which of the following is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body? a. atria c. septum b. ventricles d. heart 8. The is the outer layer of the skin where hair is located. a. Dermis c. epidermis b. hair follicles d. fatty tissues What’s New Directions: Based on the picture below, complete the table by supplying the columns with correct answers. Write your answer in your Science journal. Circulatory Skeletal Nervous Respiratory System System System System Digestive System Integumentary System 5 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 3  Body System Organs Involved Functions of the Body System Integumentary System Muscular System Skeletal System Digestive System Respiratory System Circulatory System Nervous System What Is It Different major organs of the body worked together to keep our body alive and produce different movements with specific functions and coordination yielding desired result. The following are the body systems and their specific functions: Musculo-skeletal System The musculo-skeletal system 1. provides support to the body and enables the body to produce movement. Bones in the body (skeletal system) muscles (muscular system), the cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together comprise the musculo-skeletal Figure 1: Musculo-skeletal system. system Muscular System – all muscles in the body make up the skeletal system which allows us to move. These consist of the three types of muscles, the cardiac muscles that control the heart, smooth muscles that control involuntary movement of the digestive tract, blood vessels, 6 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 3  and bladder, and the skeletal muscles which are voluntary muscles that control the movement of bones. Skeletal System – all the bones in the body make up the skeletal system which protects internal organs and supports the body. It also produces millions of blood cells needed by the body. Integumentary System The integumentary system serves as body covering that provides protection to our body against microorganisms, temperature, and acts as receptor for touch. The skin is composed of Figure 2: Integumentary tough skin cells and tough protein system called keratin that protects tissues, organs, and other structures underneath the skin against physical damage from minor cuts. Digestive System Digestive system works in digesting food into substances that can be absorbed by the body. 3 Digestion begins in the mouth by breaking food by means of cutting, tearing, and grinding known as mechanical Figure 3: Digestive digestion. system The breakdown of food into smaller molecules by enzymes found in the digestive system is known as chemical digestion. Final digestion of food and absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine. 7 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 3  Respiratory System Respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases such as carbon dioxide to oxygen in the bloodstream. Respiratory process starts from the nostrils, pharynx, to the trachea, into the bronchi Figure 5: Circulatory system and to the lungs. Circulatory System 5 Circulatory system is a transport system of the body responsible for the distribution of nutrients to the cells and carries away the waste product of the cells. The heart is the vital organ in the circulatory system that pumps blood to all body parts. The blood vessels are the railway station of the blood which enables blood to reach different parts of the body. Blood is another component of the circulatory system as it circulates to all parts of the body and it transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carries the waste materials from the cells. 5. Nervous System Nervous system is the control unit of the body; thus, it regulates and coordinates body processes. It has two majors Figure 6: Nervous divisions: the central nervous system system (CNS) composed of brain and spinal cord and the 8 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 3  peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists mainly of nerves that connect the CNS with the rest of the body. Its major parts are the brain, spinal cord, and neurons or nerve cells. Brain is the control unit of the body as it interprets messages, makes judgments, interprets sensations, and t h i n k s creatively. The spinal cord is a cordlike material encased in a spinal column that links between the brain and the PNS. It is also responsible for a reflex action or an instantaneous movement that protects the body from harm. The neurons or nerve cells are the working unit of the nervous system as they transmit information to the nerve cells, muscles or gland cells. Below is the information of the interactions of the Nervous System on the different body systems. Table 1 System Functions Interactions with the Nervous System Skeletal 1. It supports the 1. The skull protects body/framework of the brain from injuries. the body. 2. The brain controls 2. It protects the the position of the internal organs of the bones in the body. body. 3. The spinal column 3. The skeletal protects the spinal system produces cord from injury. blood cells. 4. Bones provide 4. It stores minerals calcium essential for like calcium and the function of the phosphorous. nervous system. Muscular 1. Different types of 1. The brain muscles control controls voluntary voluntary and movement. involuntary movement of the body. 9 CO_Q2_Science 6_ Module 3  2. Muscles produce 2. Muscles in the body heat to maintain provide information to body temperature. the brain. 3. Muscles move 3. The nervous system food in the digestive regulates the speed at tract. which food moves 4. It contracts heart. through the digestive tract. Integumentary 1. The skin is the 1. The receptor cells in body covering for the skin send message protection, regulates to the brain. body temperature and 2. Brain controls the acts as receptor for sweat glands of the touch.