USH Midterm Review Guide PDF

‭Study‬‭Guide‬‭for‬‭US‬‭History‬‭Units‬ ‭Unit‬‭1:‬‭The‬‭Beginning‬ ‭Articles‬‭of‬‭Confederation‬ ‭‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭The‬‭first‬‭governing‬‭document‬‭of‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States,‬‭ratified‬ ‭in‬‭1781,‬‭establishing‬‭a‬‭loose‬‭alliance‬‭of‬‭states.‬ ‭‬ ‭Strengths:‬‭Unified‬‭the‬‭states‬...

‭Study‬‭Guide‬‭for‬‭US‬‭History‬‭Units‬ ‭Unit‬‭1:‬‭The‬‭Beginning‬ ‭Articles‬‭of‬‭Confederation‬ ‭‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭The‬‭first‬‭governing‬‭document‬‭of‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States,‬‭ratified‬ ‭in‬‭1781,‬‭establishing‬‭a‬‭loose‬‭alliance‬‭of‬‭states.‬ ‭‬ ‭Strengths:‬‭Unified‬‭the‬‭states‬‭in‬‭fighting‬‭the‬‭Revolutionary‬‭War‬‭and‬ ‭managing‬‭western‬‭lands.‬ ‭‬ ‭Weaknesses:‬‭Lacked‬‭a‬‭strong‬‭central‬‭government;‬‭Congress‬‭couldn’t‬ ‭levy‬‭taxes‬‭or‬‭regulate‬‭trade,‬‭leading‬‭to‬‭economic‬‭difficulties.‬ ‭Structure‬‭of‬‭US‬‭Government‬ ‭‬ T ‭ hree‬‭Branches:‬‭Legislative‬‭(makes‬‭laws),‬‭Executive‬‭(enforces‬‭laws),‬ ‭Judicial‬‭(interprets‬‭laws).‬ ‭‬ ‭Checks‬‭and‬‭Balances:‬‭Each‬‭branch‬‭can‬‭check‬‭the‬‭powers‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭others‬‭to‬‭prevent‬‭any‬‭one‬‭branch‬‭from‬‭becoming‬‭too‬‭powerful.‬ ‭Shay’s‬‭Rebellion‬ ‭‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭An‬‭armed‬‭uprising‬‭in‬‭1786-87‬‭by‬‭farmers‬‭in‬ ‭Massachusetts‬‭protesting‬‭high‬‭taxes‬‭and‬‭economic‬‭injustices.‬ ‭‬ ‭Significance:‬‭Highlighted‬‭the‬‭weaknesses‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Articles‬‭of‬ ‭Confederation‬‭and‬‭the‬‭need‬‭for‬‭a‬‭stronger‬‭federal‬‭government.‬ ‭Constitutional‬‭Convention‬ ‭‬ Y ‭ ear:‬‭1787‬ ‭‬ ‭Purpose:‬‭To‬‭address‬‭the‬‭problems‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Articles‬‭of‬‭Confederation.‬ ‭‬ ‭Outcome:‬‭Created‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬‭Constitution,‬‭laying‬‭the‬‭foundation‬‭for‬‭a‬ ‭stronger‬‭federal‬‭government.‬ ‭Feds‬‭vs.‬‭Anti-Feds‬  ‭‬ F ‭ ederalists:‬‭Supported‬‭the‬‭Constitution‬‭and‬‭a‬‭strong‬‭national‬ ‭government‬‭(e.g.,‬‭Hamilton).‬ ‭‬ ‭Anti-Federalists:‬‭Opposed‬‭the‬‭Constitution‬‭fearing‬‭it‬‭gave‬‭too‬‭much‬ ‭power‬‭to‬‭the‬‭national‬‭government‬‭(e.g.,‬‭Jefferson).‬ ‭Bill‬‭of‬‭Rights‬ ‭‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭The‬‭first‬‭ten‬‭amendments‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Constitution,‬‭ratified‬‭in‬ ‭1791.‬ ‭‬ ‭Purpose:‬‭To‬‭protect‬‭individual‬‭liberties‬‭and‬‭rights‬‭against‬‭government‬ ‭infringement.‬ ‭Unit‬‭2:‬‭Early‬‭Presidents‬ ‭Washington‬‭and‬‭Adams‬ ‭‬ W ‭ ashington:‬‭First‬‭President;‬‭set‬‭many‬‭precedents‬‭for‬‭the‬‭office,‬ ‭including‬‭the‬‭formation‬‭of‬‭a‬‭cabinet‬‭and‬‭serving‬‭only‬‭two‬‭terms.‬ ‭‬ ‭Adams:‬‭Second‬‭President;‬‭dealt‬‭with‬‭issues‬‭like‬‭the‬‭XYZ‬‭Affair‬‭and‬ ‭the‬‭Alien‬‭and‬‭Sedition‬‭Acts.‬ ‭Jefferson‬ ‭‬ L ‭ ouisiana‬‭Purchase:‬‭Doubled‬‭the‬‭size‬‭of‬‭the‬‭U.S.,‬‭acquired‬‭from‬ ‭France‬‭in‬‭1803.‬ ‭‬ ‭Beliefs:‬‭Advocated‬‭for‬‭agrarianism‬‭and‬‭states’‬‭rights.‬ ‭Madison‬‭and‬‭Monroe‬ ‭‬ M ‭ adison:‬‭Known‬‭as‬‭the‬‭“Father‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Constitution,”‬‭he‬‭led‬‭during‬‭the‬ ‭War‬‭of‬‭1812.‬ ‭‬ ‭Monroe:‬‭Established‬‭the‬‭Monroe‬‭Doctrine,‬‭warning‬‭European‬‭powers‬ ‭against‬‭further‬‭colonization‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Americas.‬ ‭War‬‭of‬‭1812‬  ‭‬ C ‭ auses:‬‭British‬‭interference‬‭with‬‭American‬‭shipping‬‭and‬ ‭expansionism.‬ ‭‬ ‭Outcome:‬‭Fostered‬‭a‬‭sense‬‭of‬‭national‬‭unity‬‭and‬‭led‬‭to‬‭the‬‭decline‬‭of‬ ‭the‬‭Federalist‬‭Party.‬ ‭Jackson‬ ‭‬ K ‭ ey‬‭Events:‬‭Jackson’s‬‭role‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Battle‬‭of‬‭New‬‭Orleans;‬‭his‬ ‭presidency‬‭marked‬‭by‬‭the‬‭Indian‬‭Removal‬‭Act‬‭and‬‭opposition‬‭to‬‭the‬ ‭Bank‬‭of‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States.‬ ‭Unit‬‭3:‬‭Reform‬‭Movements‬‭and‬‭Texas‬ ‭Reform‬‭Movements‬ ‭‬ F ‭ ocus‬‭Areas:‬‭Education,‬‭temperance,‬‭abolition‬‭of‬‭slavery,‬‭and‬ ‭women’s‬‭rights.‬ ‭‬ ‭Declaration‬‭of‬‭Sentiments:‬‭Document‬‭from‬‭the‬‭Seneca‬‭Falls‬ ‭Convention‬‭(1848),‬‭asserting‬‭the‬‭equality‬‭of‬‭women.‬ ‭Texas‬ ‭‬ M ‭ anifest‬‭Destiny:‬‭The‬‭belief‬‭that‬‭the‬‭expansion‬‭of‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬‭across‬‭the‬ ‭American‬‭continents‬‭was‬‭both‬‭justified‬‭and‬‭inevitable.‬ ‭‬ ‭Texas‬‭Revolution:‬‭A‬‭rebellion‬‭by‬‭Texan‬‭colonists‬‭against‬‭Mexican‬ ‭rule,‬‭leading‬‭to‬‭Texas'‬‭independence.‬ ‭Unit‬‭4:‬‭Pre-Civil‬‭War‬‭and‬‭Slavery‬ ‭North‬‭vs.‬‭South‬‭Economic‬‭Differences‬ ‭‬ N ‭ orth:‬‭Industrial‬‭economy,‬‭supported‬‭tariffs,‬‭and‬‭favored‬‭federal‬ ‭government‬‭power.‬ ‭‬ ‭South:‬‭Agrarian‬‭economy‬‭reliant‬‭on‬‭slave‬‭labor,‬‭opposed‬‭tariffs,‬‭and‬ ‭supported‬‭states’‬‭rights.‬ ‭Abolitionist‬‭Movement‬  ‭‬ K ‭ ey‬‭Figures:‬‭Frederick‬‭Douglass,‬‭Harriet‬‭Tubman,‬‭and‬‭William‬‭Lloyd‬ ‭Garrison.‬ ‭‬ ‭Goal:‬‭To‬‭end‬‭slavery‬‭and‬‭promote‬‭racial‬‭equality.‬ ‭John‬‭Brown‬ ‭‬ A ‭ ctions:‬‭Led‬‭a‬‭raid‬‭on‬‭Harper’s‬‭Ferry‬‭to‬‭incite‬‭a‬‭slave‬‭rebellion;‬‭viewed‬ ‭as‬‭a‬‭martyr‬‭by‬‭abolitionists,‬‭but‬‭a‬‭terrorist‬‭by‬‭others.‬ ‭Unit‬‭5:‬‭Civil‬‭War‬‭and‬‭Reconstruction‬ ‭Civil‬‭War‬ ‭‬ C ‭ auses:‬‭Slavery,‬‭states’‬‭rights,‬‭and‬‭political‬‭tensions‬‭between‬‭the‬ ‭North‬‭and‬‭South.‬ ‭‬ ‭Strategies:‬‭The‬‭North‬‭aimed‬‭to‬‭divide‬‭the‬‭South‬‭and‬‭control‬‭supply‬ ‭routes;‬‭the‬‭South‬‭focused‬‭on‬‭defense‬‭and‬‭seeking‬‭foreign‬‭aid.‬ ‭Emancipation‬‭Proclamation‬ ‭ ‬ I‭ssued:‬‭1863‬‭by‬‭Lincoln.‬ ‭‬ ‭Impact:‬‭Freed‬‭slaves‬‭in‬‭Confederate‬‭states,‬‭allowing‬‭African‬ ‭Americans‬‭to‬‭join‬‭the‬‭Union‬‭Army.‬ ‭Reconstruction‬ ‭‬ G ‭ oal:‬‭To‬‭rebuild‬‭and‬‭integrate‬‭the‬‭South‬‭back‬‭into‬‭the‬‭Union‬‭post-Civil‬ ‭War.‬ ‭‬ ‭Challenges:‬‭Resistance‬‭from‬‭Southern‬‭states‬‭and‬‭the‬‭rise‬‭of‬‭groups‬ ‭like‬‭the‬‭Ku‬‭Klux‬‭Klan.‬