Cardiovascular System PDF

 The Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system transports blood around the body via a network of blood vessels. Blood provides a medium to supply organs and tissues with nutrients and oxygen and remove metabolic wastes for excretion or processing. It also transports immune...

 The Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system transports blood around the body via a network of blood vessels. Blood provides a medium to supply organs and tissues with nutrients and oxygen and remove metabolic wastes for excretion or processing. It also transports immune elements and aids in clotting wounds.  BLOOD Blood is a fluid tissue with a complex mixture of proteins, ions, and cellular components. FUNCTIONS: ○ Transports nutrients, respiratory gases, hormones, and cellular wastes ○ Contains many immune elements for protection against pathogens is to ck ○ Helps thermoregulation by distributing heat through the body.  Blood Blood is made up of plasma and cellular components. ○ Plasma: a watery matrix of ions Plasma (50-60% of and proteins. total blood volume) ○ Cellular components: Made up of different types of cells. Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) White blood cells (Leukocytes) Cellular components/ Platelets (Thrombocytes) Formed elements (40-50% of total volume) ‣ABO system Type A blood—type A antigens in RBCs; anti-B type antibodies in plasma Type B blood—type B antigens in RBCs; anti-A type antibodies in plasma Type AB blood—type A and type B antigens in RBCs; no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in plasma; called universal recipient blood Type O blood—no type A or type B antigens in RBCs; both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in plasma; called universal donor blood Blood Types ‣Rh system Rh-positive blood—Rh factor antigen present in RBCs Rh-negative blood—no Rh factor present in RBCs; no anti-Rh antibodies present naturally in plasma; but anti-Rh antibodies appear if Rh-positive RBCs have been introduced into their bodies Esp important for pregnant mothers and unborn babies Moms who are Rh-negative with a baby who is Rh-positive, means that the baby inherited the Rh gene from their Rh-positive dad. Mom’s blood will make antibodies that can attack baby’s RBCs. istock Mineral ions: Plasma Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium Water: Role: Water is the main constituent of blood and plasma. ‣Osmotic balance Role: ‣pH buffering ‣Transports dissolved substances. ‣Regulation of membrane ‣Provides body cells with water. permeability, etc. ‣Distributes heat. ‣Regulate blood pressure and volume. Products of digestion: sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acid. Proteins: Excretory products: Fibrinogen, Urea Prothrombin, Hormones and Enzymes vitamins: Role: insulin, sex hormones ‣Clotting vitamins ‣Regulate metabolic activities COR Cellular Blood Components Erythrocytes (Red blood cells, RBCs): Role: Thrombocytes Transport oxygen (O2) and a (Platelets): small amount of carbon Small membrane dioxide (CO2). The oxygen is bound fragments carried bound to hemoglobin derived from bone (Hb) in the cells. marrow cells: about Iron in Hb causes red color one quarter the size of RBCs. Role: To start the blood Leukocytes clotting process. (White blood cells, WBCs): Play an important part in defense against pathogens.