Introduction to Journalism PDF

Introduction to Journalism  Journalism It is a form of writing that tells people about things that truly happened, but that they might not have known about already.  Responsible Journalism Not biased writing; Reports of what is only seen; No exaggera...

Introduction to Journalism  Journalism It is a form of writing that tells people about things that truly happened, but that they might not have known about already.  Responsible Journalism Not biased writing; Reports of what is only seen; No exaggeration or leaving out details; Not enhancing what is seen; Reveals all truth in the story with no edits  Journalism as a career Journalism is a highly responsible job, and highly interesting at the same time. People looking for a career in journalism should have a presentable and confident personality, along with the ability to write and present information accurately and concisely. Other essential requirements that highlight a good journalist are: an inquisitive bent of mind, good writing and communication skills, ability to differentiate between fact and fiction, tact, intelligence, awareness, and interest in current affairs. Most importantly, one must be capable of handling the unforeseen situations efficiently. If you are talented and hard working, a career in journalism is for you. It will take you to a good salary package and perhaps even fame. With the growing importance of media today, the opportunities in the field are numerous and the job is also demanding and exhilarating at the same time.  History of Philippine Press EARLY YEARS In the year 1637 the "Father of Filipino Printing", Tomas Pinpin, launched the first Philippine newsletter called "Successors Felices“ (Fortunate Events), was written in Spanish and contained a 14-page report on current events. In 1799, following Pinpin's debut in printing, he again came up with his Hojas Volantes or "flying sheets". It was titled "Aviso Al Publico" (Notices to the Public), which served the Spaniards and had a role comparative to a "town crier."  35 years had lapsed, then came the After a decade,“ First daily newspaper on December 1, 1846 Del Superior Govierno," was called "La Esperanza." launched by The paper, edited Gov. Fernandez del by Felipe Lacorte and Evaristo Calderon, Forgueras lasted only for three years. on August 8, 1811. But gave way to the birth of other dailies such as "La Estrella" in 1847 and It was the first regularly issued "Diario de Manila" in 1848. publication that reported developments about Spain and Diario- Europe. became the government's daily organ in 1852 First newspaper that included in its was renamed to "Boletin Oficial de Filipinas“ layout the name, date and place later ceased circulation by Royal Order in of its publication. 1860. reappeared with Felipe del Pan as its editor Came up with 15 issues within its and encountered another years of operation from 1811 to 1832. official decree that led to its permanent closure on February 19, 1898. In1862, a Tagalog publisher, Mariano Sevilla, founded In the succeeding years there had been El Catolico Filipino. attempts to create a more The first Philippine religious liberal and mass appealing press. newspaper which seriously dealt with the problems of The year 1887 marked the beginning of a Filipinos more opinionated journalism in the Philippines. Another first in the history is It officially begun on El Porvenir Filipino April 1, 1887 with the birth founded in 1865. of La Opinion. It was the newspaper that pioneered in two-edition dailies. According to historians, it was the first paper to defy the friars and Later it was followed by campaigned for the ouster of the religious. Revista Mercantil which came out the same year.  AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD After the Spaniards' defeat from the Americans, English newspapers started to circulate. It was lead by the Manila Times of Thomas Gowan which was established on October 11, 1898. President Manuel L. Quezon bought it in 1917 and sold it after four years of possession. Two other foreign owners had the Manila Times before Alejandro Roces, Sr. acquired it in 1927 and closed it down in 1930. However, In 1927 the son of Alejandro Roces, Sr., Ramon Roces put up a magazine known as Graphic. Roces was titled “Father of modern journalism." Manila Tribune was established by Roces on April 1, 1925, with Carlos P. Romulo as editor.  Another American newspaper issued during that time was the "oldest existing newspaper", The Manila Daily Bulletin, established by Carson Taylor In February 1, 1900. The paper started out as a shipping journal and later widened its scope in 1912. Some time after 1930 with Herald and Tribune on tough competition for high number of circulation, Sen. Vicente Madrigal, owner of the Herald, put up his own publication chain called DMHM comprised of Spanish daily, El Debate, weekly, Monday Post, Herald and Mabuhay, a Pilipino daily. Martial law in the Philippines (Tagalog: Batas Militar sa Pilipinas) or some call "state of emergency". refers to the period of Philippine history wherein Philippine Presidents and Heads of state declared a proclamation to control troublesome areas under the rule of the Military, Among aspects of martial law are Censorship of radio and newspapers, Prohibition of the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages, Prohibition of gatherings of more than five persons in the street, and  Role and Function of Journalism Function No. 1 Information Function No. 2 Increasing Public Awareness Function No. 3 Interpreting the Facts Encouraging Decisions, Influencing Function No.4 Change & Shaping Public Opinion Ethics of the Press and Law  News ∙Public interest- Revelations of what is inside the manipulation- News news may be contrary to can manipulate and be the public interest even if it is manipulated. Governments true.. and corporations may attempt to manipulate news Privacy.- Publication is not necessarily media for example by justified simply because the information is true especially in lustful details for public censorship; figures which are a great content in media Manipulation may be publicity. voluntary or involuntary. Privacy is also a right , and one which Those being manipulated conflicts with free speech. may not be aware of this. Truth- This may conflict with many other values.  Fantasy- an element of entertainment, which is a legitimate goal of media content. Journalism may mix fantasy and truth, with resulting ethical dilemmas Taste- the ethical Conflict with the law- issue is how far should one risk shocking an Journalistic ethics may conflict with audience's sensitivities the law over issues such as the in order to correctly protection of confidential news and fully report the sources. truth. For example, undercover reporters may be engaging in deception, trespass and similar torts and crimes Press Freedom Article 3 Section 4 No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. Right to know Public curiosity to know  Canons of Journalism (1) Responsibility— The right of a newspaper to attract and hold readers is restricted by nothing but considerations of public welfare. A journalist who uses his power for any selfish or otherwise unworthy purpose is faithless to a high trust. (2) Freedom of the Press— Freedom of the press is to be guarded as a vital right of mankind. It is the unquestionable right by law, including the wisdom of any restrictive statute. (3) Independence— Freedom from all obligations except that of fidelity to the public interest is vital. (4) Sincerity, Truthfulness, Accuracy –a newspaper is constrained to be truthful. (5) Impartiality— News reports should be free from opinion or bias of any kind. Everything written should be complete gathered from datas (6) Fair Play— A newspaper should not publish unofficial charges affecting reputation or moral character, without opportunity given to the accused to be heard; right practice demands the giving of such opportunity in all cases of serious accusation outside judicial proceedings. (7) Decency— A conviction of sincerity to profess high moral purpose, supply incentives of conduct, such as are to be found in details of crime and vice, publication of which is should be demonstrated for the general good. Libel Article 353 of the Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815, as amended) A libel is a public and malicious imputation of a crime, or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status, or circumstances tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or contempt of a natural or judicial person, or to blacken the memory of one who is dead  End of Chapter One