Contraflows From The Global South PDF

CONTRAFLOWS FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH JRN 3006 FILM INDUSTRY Trends In 2022, the movie industry in the United States claimed a market share of more than 46 percent of the global box office results. While Asia was closely behind, its market share of almost 40 percent of the box office w...

CONTRAFLOWS FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH JRN 3006 FILM INDUSTRY Trends In 2022, the movie industry in the United States claimed a market share of more than 46 percent of the global box office results. While Asia was closely behind, its market share of almost 40 percent of the box office worldwide originated predominantly from its national ticket sales, according to the source. In the era of globalisation, the one-way vertical flow has given way to multiple and horizontal flows, as subaltern media content providers have emerged to service an ever growing geo-cultural market. 2  Insert Image WEST AFRICA The film industry in West Africa is booming, with Nigerian productions being the largest in the region and all of Africa. In terms of revenue, Nigeria generates the largest share of box office revenue in Anglophone West Africa The high percentage is directly related to the large population of Nigeria (over 200 million people), compared to the smaller populations of Liberia and Ghana. In 2022, the box office revenue originating from Liberia, Ghana, and Nigeria amounted to approximately 6.9 billion Nigerian Naira (NGN), approximately 4.6 million U.S. dollars, with a total of over 3.1 million revenues 3  Insert Image Due to the coronavirus pandemic starting in 2019, cinemas were closed. They reopened only in Nigeria in September 2020. Thus, admissions, as well as revenue, considerably dropped in 2020, reaching only 1.7 million admissions, about 67 percent less compared to 2019, while revenue added up to roughly 2.1 billion NGN, about 1.4 million U.S. dollars. (www.statistica.com) 4  Insert Image MEDIA INDUSTRY – PRINT MEDIA It’s diverse in terms of its spread. Some of the major media markets are found in Japan The Yomiuri Shimbun (Japan): With a daily circulation of over 8 million copies, The Yomiuri Shimbun is often cited as the world's largest newspaper by circulation. The Asahi Shimbun (Japan): Another major Japanese newspaper, The Asahi Shimbun, boasts a daily circulation of around 6.6 million copies. The Times of India (India): As one of the largest English-language newspapers in the world, The Times of India has a massive readership, with over 2.9 million copies circulated daily. 5  Insert Image TOP NEWSPAPERS GLOBALLY The Nikkei (Japan): Known for its business and financial news coverage, The Nikkei is highly regarded worldwide, with a daily circulation of approximately 2.7 million copies. The Wall Street Journal (United States): A leading newspaper in business and financial news, The Wall Street Journal has a substantial global readership, both in print and online. The New York Times (United States): Renowned for its quality journalism and in-depth reporting, The New York Times remains one of the most influential newspapers globally, with a significant digital readership alongside its print circulation. The People's Daily (China): As the official newspaper of the Communist Party of China, The People's Daily has an extensive readership within China and is among the most widely circulated newspapers in the world. 6  Insert Image TOP NEWSPAPERS GLOBALLY USA Today (United States): Known for its concise format and colorful presentation, USA Today is one of the most widely read newspapers in the United States, with a significant online presence as well. The Guardian (United Kingdom): With a strong digital presence and a reputation for investigative journalism and liberal editorial stance, The Guardian has a substantial readership worldwide. Dainik Bhaskar (India): As one of the largest circulated Hindi- language newspapers in India, Dainik Bhaskar has a massive readership base, particularly in northern and central India. 7  Insert Image CULTURAL HYBRIDITY But how these products are consumed in a cross-cultural context poses a contested range of responses, made more difficult due to the paucity of well-grounded empirical studies.. Some have argued that the global-national-local interaction is producing ‘heterogeneous disjunctures’ rather than a globally homogenised culture (Appadurai, 1990). Others have championed the cause of cultural hybridity, a fusion formed out of adaptation of Western media genres to suit Media on the move 18 local languages, styles and conventions 8  Insert Image CULTURAL IMPERIALISM APPROACH On the other hand, critical theorists have argued that the transnational corporations, with the support of their respective governments, exert indirect control over the developing countries, dominating markets, resources, production and labour. In the process they undermine the cultural autonomy of the countries of the South and create a dependency on both the hardware and software of communication and media: ‘transnational corporate cultural domination’ is how one prominent scholar defined the phenomenon (Schiller, 1992:39). 9  Insert Image DETERRITORIALIZATION Mexican anthropologist Nestor Garcia Canclini (1995 ) see possibilities offered by migration and modernity to broaden cultural territory beyond the nation-state. He considers the 'deterritorialization' and the relocation of 'Third World' cultures in the metropolitan centres an enriching experience for the receiving as well as the migratory cultures The apparent growth of alternative media and the possibilities opened up by the Internet are also seen to be a trend towards the disruption of the one-way flow of information. "hotbed of terror" 10  Insert Image Robertson adopts the concept of 'glocalization', a term whose origins are in the discipline of marketing, to express the global production of the local and the localization of the global The global interpenetrates the local; “the particularization of universalism and the universalization of particularism.” globalization is realized in concrete forms that are local. It does not exist ‘out there’ and its articulation is not separate from that of the local. The local is never quite ‘pure’ or outside the global; it is always constructed in part in response to and through influences from the global. 11  Insert Image FEATURES OF GLOCALIZATION APPROACH 1. Diversity is the essence of social life. 2. Not all differences are erased. 3. History and culture operate autonomously to offer a sense of uniqueness to the experiences of groups (whether cultures, societies or nations) 4. Glocalization removes the fear that globalization resembles a tidal wave erasing all differences. 5. Glocalization does not promise a world free from conflict but offers a more historically grounded and pragmatic worldview. 12  Insert Image CRITIQUES There is no consideration of the specifics of interaction – of ‘how’ the global–local relationship is reconfigured within time intervals. How are ‘local’ and ‘global’ cultures to be identified as analytically separate if they are completely enmeshed in one another, as the same theories claim? (Radhakrishnan) His approach does not account for e local–global binary as a power relationship 13  Insert Image GLOBALIZATION Globalization refers to the process of connecting the world economy more closely through the flow of goods, services, investment, technology, data, ideas, and workers. It began around 1870 and took off in the decades after World War II as countries started reducing restrictions on capital and trade flows in anticipation of benefits to growth and welfare. (IMF) Also known as capitalism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, Westernization, Americanization, McDonaldization, Disneyization 14  Insert Image REFERENCES (https://www.internationaljournalofresearch.org/2024/03/top-ten-most-read- newspaper-in-world.html) 15