Contemporary Arts Reviewer PDF

Medium-is the substance being manipulated Technique-describes the skillful manipulation of the mediu - it may utilize tools or technology. Common Media Used: Clay, ber, stone, wood, paint, human body Pottery in the Philippines varies in forms and functions. The forms of the...

Medium-is the substance being manipulated Technique-describes the skillful manipulation of the mediu - it may utilize tools or technology. Common Media Used: Clay, ber, stone, wood, paint, human body Pottery in the Philippines varies in forms and functions. The forms of the pots are directly influenced by the functions of the pots and the tradition of the community/ local area. *Pottery is the oldest art form due to the fact that its medium, earth, is abundant. Clay gathered from dry soil is rst pulverized, removing lumps, pebbles, and stones. Water is added slowly, kneading it for even moisture and smooth consistency. *Terra Cotta- refers to earthenware that is typically reddish brown, red porous, and kept unglazed. *Ceramics- a clay formed with other elements, red at a higher temperature to harden the material and glazed to make it non porous. *Glaze- a coating of a glass-like substance fused with clay material to make a ceramic piece water proof. THREE BASIC POTTERY TECHNIQUES 1. Free- Modelling- shapes are formed on a ball of clay using bare hands. 2. Hand - construction- part of coil or slab and pinching these together. 3. Potter's Wheel- a rotating platform is used to hollow out a ball of clay from the center in order to shape a vessel. Paddle and Anvil Techniques- paddle is used o smoothen the outer surface while a smooth stone anvil is pressed against the inner wall. Bisque when a formed clay piece is red for the rst time. It is also called bisque- red. fi fi fi fi fi fi fi Clay artists who do functional pieces are called potters, while those who used the same medium for sheer expression are referred to as sculptors. Stoneware refers to ceramics made from vitreous (having qualities of glass) or semi- vitreous clay red at high temperatures. *Celadon- is a glazed in a pale greyish shade of green used on stoneware, associated with the Song Dynasty of the 13th *Tenmoku- A dark glazed with a surface that resembles oil spotting, found in Chinese and Japanese ceramics. *Lual- consist of a pregnant gure clay babies red inside it. Used as regular kiln at the UP CFA Ceramics Department. * Raku- a traditional Japanese teacups technique where ceramics are red low such that the clay remains porous, and the baked pieces are removed from the kiln while still ring hot. -Is a general method of producing a surface or an object by entwining a strip or strand that is longitudinal called warp with horizontal one called weft at right angles or at an obliquely perpendicular direction. Related methods of Weaving (knitting, braiding, plaiting) Three Traditional forms of Weaving: Palaspas(palm leaf frond) Basketry Banig(mat) Textile- the nest and most sophisticated form of weaving that requires a loom, a machine for interweaving threads. Related method of textile art: Crocheting Embroidery Applique Calado Palaspas- a primeval form of palm leaf weaving. - it originated in indigenious worship rituals. Basketry-The process of weaving pliant materials into a casing. Weaver- horizontal strands Spokes- vertical strands fi fi fi fi fi fi  Four Basic types of Basket Weaves: 1. Coiled grasses 2. Plaited ribbons 3. Twined and crossed soft ber 4. Wicker reed or cane Parts of a Basket(base, walls, rim, handle, cover) Common materials for baskets: bamboo, rattan, nipa, buri, buntal Pasiking- a square trapezoidal basket now popular as a backpack. BANIG- A mat woven from leaves or grass. Basic Banig Method: 1. Over and under weave 2. Sawali or Floating straws weave 3. Open work weave 4. Circular mats 5. Hexagonal weave 6. Embroidery method MATERIALS USED IN MAKING BANIG/MATS Pandan leaves- used in Sulu and Tawi-Tawi, Pandan, Antique, Iloilo Sesed/wild sedge- Mindanao Highlands Tikug/reed plant- Basey, Samar Sea grass(Rhynchospora Corymbosa)- Bohol TEXTILE ART Backstrap weaving- a craft which has existed through Neolithic Times. - also known as insibet or impaod among the Cordillerans - known as gab'lan/abellan among the indigenous groups from Mindanao and Jolo. Patadyong- a traditional lowland textile of plai design used as wrap-around skirt, tapis, or even as a hammock. Pagburda or embroidery- the process of sewing by hand ornamental designs or patterns to decorate a fabric or garment. Basic Emroidery Techniques: chain stitch, buttonhole stitch, blanket stitch, running stitch, satin stitch, cross stitch Calado- a re ned technique of embroidery wherein threads are pulled off from the textile to create gaps, then sewing them in intricate patterns of lacework. Applique- a small piece or patch of textile pattern that is sewn onto a fabric or garment to decorate it. Malong- tubular skirt among Maguindanaon fi fi fi fi  Piña- traditional fabrics used by bordadoras of barong. - a soft, ne, translucent, and durable offwhite fabric made from bers of pineapple mixed with silk. Jusi- mechanically woven from abaca, banana and silk. Example of Textile *Tinalak of T'boli *Abel of Ilokanos *Inaul of Maguindanaon *Langkit of Lanao del Norte and Maranao - a part of any community's way of life. - It provides opportunities for processing daily experiences. - Translates shared experiences into various forms of communication using multiple media forms such as sound, visuals, movement, and words. - provides markers of a community's valued experiences, consequently creating living repositories of knowledge for the next generation. UNESCO-United Nations Educational, Scienti c and Cultural Organization de nes Cultural Heritage as the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the bene t of future generations. TANGIBLE HERITAGE - Includes buildings and historic places, monuments, artifacts, etc., which considered worthy of preservation for the future. - This includes object signi cant to the archaeology, architecture and science or technology of a speci c culture. - Objects are important to the study of human history because they provide a concrete basis for ideas, and people can validate them. - Their preservation demonstrates the recognition of the necessity of the past and of the things that tei ris story. - Preserved objects also validate memories and the actuality of the object. INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE - Refers to practices representations, expressions, knowledge, skills- as well as the instruments, objects, artifacts, and cultural spaces associated therewith- that communities, groups, and in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. - transmitted from generation to generation, is constantly created by communities and groups in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history and provides them with a sense of identity and continuity, thus promoting respect for cultural diversity and human creativity. fi fi fi fi fi fi fi  WAYS OF PASSING THE TRADITIONS AND LIVING EXPRESSIONS 1. Oral traditions and expressions, including language, as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage. 2. Performing Arts 3. Social practices, rituals, and festive events; 4. Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe 5. Traditional craftsmanship CULTURAL MAPPING The process of identifying and stating, in written or visual inventory, all cultural assets with in a speci c geographic area. - This includes gathering of tangible and intangible assets from the community including but not limited to, cultural organizations, artists, and stories. Provides an understanding of culture, history, and a community's unique identity that should be used at the beginning of any community development or planning project, to create a list of potential partners, community resources, and toois needed for its successful implementation. SAGISAG KULTURA(SK)ng FILIPINAS Aims to gather, select, and promote the cultural icons of the country, creating a database and registry of these symbols of the Philippine culture. Cultural icons include persons and heroes who are natural born Filipino citizens, have important traits vital to the country's progress, and will serve as good role models for the Filipino youth. These include National Scientists, National Artists, Presidents and Heroes in Philippine History. Also included are items of heritage, which must be more than 50 years old, native or indigenous, and important in national history They must be products of Filipino imagination and intelligence which can be proud of. Historical sites, native flora and fauna, inventions and important researches are also included. LOCAL MATERIALS IN THE PHILIPPINES -The word bamboo comes from the Kannada term bambu, which was introduced to English through Indonesian and Malay.[5l -are evergreen perennial flowering plants in the subfamily Bambusoidea of the grass family. -The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the family Arecacee (palm family) and the only living species of the genus Cocos The term coconut can refer to the whole coconut palm or the seed, or the fruit, which, botanically, is a drupe, not a nut. -The spelling cocoanut is an archaic form of the word. The term is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese and Spanish word coco meaning "head" or "skull", from the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. -Coconuts are known for their versatility ranging from food to cosmetics.!! They form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. -Coconuts are distinct from other fruits for their endosperm containing a large quantity of water'" (also called "milk"), El and when immature, may be harvested for the potable coconut water. When mature, they can be used as seed nuts or processed for oil, charcoal from the hard shell, and coir from the brous husk. When dried, the coconut flesh is called copra. The oil and milk derived from it are commonly used in cooking and frying, as well as in soaps and cosmetics. fi fi  Buri palm is the most stately and largest of the Philippine palms. Trunk is straight and erect, up to 1 meter in diameter and 20 meters in height. - Trunk yields a large quantity of starch. - An average tree yields 8010 cavans of fruits. - Buds (ubod) used for salads or eaten as vegetable. - Kernels of young fruits are edible and made into sweetmeats. - It produces a fermented drink (tuba), alcohol, vinegar, syrup and sugar. - An average tree yields up to 8 - 10 cavans of fruit. Fruit is a good source of starch. -Abacá-binomial name Musa textilis, is a species of banana native to the Philippines, grown as a commercial crop in the Philippines, Ecuador, and Costa Rica. -The plant, also known as Manila hemp, has great economic importance, being harvested for its ber, also called Manila hemp, extracted from the leaf-stems. -The plant grows to 13-22 feet (4.0-6.7 m),and averages about 12 feet (3.7 m). -The ber was originally used for making twines and ropes; now most is pulped and used in a variety of specialized paper products including tea bags, lter paper and banknotes. It is classi ed as a hard ber, along with coir, henequin and sisal. -Tikog is a grassy plant which grows in aquatic or grassy areas is harvested and formed into mats. This mats are characteristics of Luzon region of the Philippines: They are made into thicker mats for sleeping all the way to ner thinner mats for products such as the hand bags we have imported. -Tikog is a grass with triangular stem that grows in swampy areas. The grass is harvested, dried and woven into mats which are then crafted into functional products like bags, wallet and accessories. The city of Basey is the current record holder of 'The World's Largest Mat made from Tikog grass in Guinness Book of World Records. Tikog has m triangular stems and reaches up lo 3 meters with with ranges from the oplimum /8 inch to s/4 inch. Is stems are cut according to the desired length and dried under the sun. some stems are dyed to desired color and dried again. -Tikog is an aquatic plant. it is perennial. Leaves are arrow-shaped, 4-10 inches long. It has Groups of 3 to 5 stems (whorls) with 3 to 5 flowers in each. The flowers are each 0.4 to 1 inch in diameter. Petals are white with yellow center. -Pandanus amaryllifolius is a tropical plant in the Pandanus (screwpine) genus, which is commonly known as 'Pandan' and is used widely in South Asian and Southeast Asian cooking as a flavoring. -This species is easy -to -grow. It grows best in slopes with moist soil. To maintain the plant as a shrub, regularly harvest the leaves and water generously. fi fi fi fi fi fi fi  -also known as climbing palms. is a naturally growing and swiftly renewing vine-like palm that grows in Asia, Australia and Africa. It is commonly used for weaving and the construction of wicker furniture. This climbing vine is strong, brous, lightweight, durabie, exible - Rattan is a member of the palm family. It is a solid wood with a brous heart that grows in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Rattan is more like a soft vine that attaches itself and clings to the trees of the primary tropical forest with its large thorns. fi fi fi