Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature PDF

CONTEMPORARY, POPULAR & EMERGENT LIT romance novel is that there is a central love story - focuses on critical issues in contemporary and throughout the novel. popular literature and genre 7. The horror genre's purpose is to c...

CONTEMPORARY, POPULAR & EMERGENT LIT romance novel is that there is a central love story - focuses on critical issues in contemporary and throughout the novel. popular literature and genre 7. The horror genre's purpose is to create feelings of terror and excitement in the reader. INTERPRETING AND EVALUATING FICTION 8. Fantasy is a type of fiction that focuses on magical Fiction is a form of literature that involves the creation and supernatural elements that do not exist in the of stories, characters, and events that are primarily actual world. imagined by the author rather than based entirely on real facts or historical occurrences. Elements of Fiction 1. Characters are the people, animals, or aliens in Fiction is subjective and evocative. It is "made up," and the story. Readers come to know the characters indirect in its communication. A work of fiction may through what they say, what they think, and how evoke: they act. The thrill of imagining impossible or unavailable 2. Setting is where and when the story takes place. experiences. 3. Plot is the order of events in the story. The plot Intrigue with playing out "what if" or "if only" usually follows a particular structure called scenarios. Freytag’s Pyramid. Feelings and perceptions of another historical 4. Conflict is the struggle between two entities. In period or observations on the human condition. story writing the main character, also known as the Interpretation protagonist, encounters a conflict with the Fictional works are indirect and subjective, often antagonist, which is an adversary. requiring significant analysis to move beyond just 5. Theme is the underlying truth that is being following the story. conveyed in the story. Themes can be universal, Interpretation depends on the perceptions, meaning they are understood by readers no imagination, and feelings of the reader. matter what culture or country the readers are in. While nonfiction has a uniform meaning for most CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE readers, fiction's interpretation is more personal, - This era of history is marked by resistance depending on: movements that reacted to harsh governmental o Evidence in the text. systems or policies that restricted human rights. o The reader's own interests, values, and - The literature of the contemporary period not only desires. refers to a quality/style of writing but also to Analysis poetry and prose. Fictional works are analyzed for recurring themes Characteristics that reflect the broader human experience. reality-based stories. Stories often have deeper, unstated meanings believable story line, sometimes portraying a beyond their surface plots: harsher quality or degradation of society. o Example: Cinderella represents "virtue current, modern setting. rewarded," and The Three Little Pigs writing is “more character-driven than plot- showcases "the folly of lack of industry." driven.” Analysis involves identifying: o Themes and perspectives. Literary Approaches o How choices of language, content, and 1. Formalism is the analysis of the text based on its structure shape the narrative. characteristics or elements. 2. Reader-Response removes the focus from the Evaluation text and places it on the reader instead, by Fiction requires creative interpretation from the attempting to describe what goes on in the reader to uncover its richness and ambiguity. reader’s mind during the reading of a text. It invites readers to reflect, associate, and find 3. Gender Approach analyzes the literature through meaning in its evocative language and themes. the lens of socially-constructed gender roles. 4. Sociological examines literature in the cultural, Types of Fiction economic, and political context in which it is 1. Science Fiction often take place in the future and written or received. involve fictional aspects of science and technology. 5. Historical looks beyond the literature itself to the 2. Mystery is a genre of fiction that focuses on broader historical and cultural events that might solving crimes and mysterious events. influence the author whose work is being 3. Historical fiction is a story that takes readers to a considered. particular time and place in the past, typically at 6. Biographical is interpreting a text with an least 50 years or more in order for it to be understanding of the author’s life to help readers considered historical fiction. comprehend the work. 4. Thriller generally has a fast-paced storyline and 7. Psychological removes the focus from the text tension and suspense from beginning to end. and places it on the reader instead, by attempting 5. Realistic fiction is a type of fiction in which a to describe what goes on in the reader’s mind story is told that could easily happen in today's during the reading of a text. society. 6. Romance can take place during any time period Literary Techniques and may contain a realistic plot line or have 1. Imagery is the use of figurative language to create magical elements, but the primary element of a visual representations of actions, objects and ideas  in our mind in such a way that they appeal to our Sounds physical senses. 1. Rhythm – the basic beat in a line of poem. 2. Simile and Metaphor compare two distinct 2. Meter – a pattern of stressed and unstressed objects and draws similarity between them. The (accented and unaccented) syllables (known as a difference is that Simile uses “as” or “like” and foot) in a line of poetry. Metaphor does not. - In an iambic pentameter, the pattern is five 3. Hyperbole is deliberate exaggeration of actions iambic (unaccented + accented) feet in each and ideas for the sake of emphasis. line. 4. Personification gives a thing, an idea or an animal 3. End Rhyme – same or similar sounds at the end of human quality. words that finish different lines. 5. Alliteration refers to the same consonant sounds 4. Internal Rhyme - same or similar sounds at the in words coming together. end of words within a line. 6. Allegory is a literary technique in which an 5. Rhyme Scheme – a pattern of rhyme in a poem. abstract idea is given a form of characters, actions 6. Assonance – repetition of the same vowel sound or events. in words close together. 7. Irony is use of the words in such a way in which 7. Consonance – the repetition of consonant sounds the intended meaning is completely opposite to within words in a line. their literal meaning. 8. Alliteration – the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. STORY 9. Onomatopoeia – words that sound like their A story is a narrative that can be true or fictional, and meaning. is told to entertain, amuse, or instruct. 10. Repetition – sounds, words, or phrases that are Types of Stories repeated to add emphasis or create rhythm. 1. Fiction – fairy tales, folklore, mythology, legends, PERSONAL NOTES: epic, drama, adventure stories Grazie 2. Non-fiction – news and current events, cultural - Fiction came from the Latin word “fictio” which history, historical events, war stories means fashioning or molding. Conventions - Fiction is subjective if the author is expressing his 1. Characters or her thoughts and imaginations. 2. Dialogue - Fiction is evocative if you let the readers visualize 3. Setting the symbols in a literary piece. 4. Point of View - The responsibility of the reader is to reflect 5. Theme (under subjective) 6. Symbolism - The responsibility of the reader is to understand and identify the symbols (under evocative) POETRY - Analysis is applying literary approaches in a Poetry is a literary work in which special intensity is literary text. given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use - Interpretation is subjective, thus using reader- of distinctive style and rhythm. response approach. Structure - Science Fiction suffices the queries of people. Its 1. Poetic Line – the words that form a single line of purpose is to investigate and to know how the poetry. world works. 2. Stanza – a section of a poem named for the - Thriller is a part of Mystery. Thriller is finding out number of lines it contains. the suspect and mystery portrays how the killing 3. Enjambment – when there is no written or happened. natural pause at the end of a poetic line, so that the - Setting also includes the environment, word-flow carries over to the next line. geographical, sociological, and imaginative 4. Capitalization and Punctuation – in poetry, rules characteristics. of capitalization and punctuation are not always - Plot has three parts; scope, sequence, and phasing. followed; instead, they are at the service of the Kaye Types > Characterization rhyme. Setting Plot Theme Tone/Mood  POV Literary Devices – irony (situational, dramatic, literal), simile, metaphor, personification, imagery, symbol Reader-Response – “the text has no meaning unless the reader reads it.” Gender Approach – masculinism and feminism Sociological – horizontal and vertical status. Horizontal mobility is a shift from one social level to an equivalent level. Vertical mobility is a shift in social status, either up or down, due to changes in social factors such as education or career. Historical – author could either be inspired or the one who experienced it. Biographical – “the text cannot be understood fully unless you know the author.” Phycological – applying Sigmund Freud’s theory; id, ego, superego Poetry Stanza – monostich, couplet, tercet, quatrain, quint, sestet, septet, octave Meter – monometer, dimeter, trimeter, quatrameter, pentameter, hexameter, heptameter, octameter, nonameter, decameter Feet – iambic, trochaic, anapestic, dactylic, spondaic, pyrrhic