Condition & Drug Notes PPT.docx

PSORIASIS ========= +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | | SYMPTOM | | RISK | | TREATME | | | | S | | FACTORS | | NT | +=========+=========+=========+=========+=========+=========+==...

PSORIASIS ========= +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | | SYMPTOM | | RISK | | TREATME | | | | S | | FACTORS | | NT | +=========+=========+=========+=========+=========+=========+=========+ | - Chr | | Plaque | | - Inf | | - PAS | | onic | | Psorias | | ection | | I: | | rel | | is | | | | 10 | | apsing | | | | - Dru | | -- | | inf | | - Sym | | gs | | mil | | lammato | | metrica | | | | d, | | ry | | l | | - Obe | | 10- | | dis | | dis | | sity | | 20 | | order | | tributi | | | | mod | | | | on | | - Alc | | , | | - IL- | | | | ohol | | 20+ | | 23 | | - Nai | | | | sev | | is | | l | | - Phy | | ere | | ass | | pit | | sical | | | | ociated | | ting/se | | ina | | - Bod | | wit | | paratin | | ctivity | | y | | h | | g | | | | sur | | aut | | fro | | - Smo | | face | | oimmuni | | m | | king | | are | | ty, | | nai | | | | a | | inc | | l | | - Emo | | aff | | reased | | bed | | tional | | ected | | lev | | | | str | | | | els | | - Pro | | ess | | - Der | | in | | minent | | | | matolog | | the | | sca | | - Dev | | y | | ski | | ling | | elop | | qua | | n | | -- | | on | | lity | | in | | sal | | tra | | of | | pso | | mon | | uma | | lif | | riasis | | pin | | sit | | e | | | | k | | es | | ind | | - IL- | | les | | e.g | | ex | | 23 | | ions | |., | | | | are | | wit | | fol | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sepsis | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pneumoni | | | | | | a | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meningit | | | | | | is | | | | | | | | | | | | - UTIs | | | | | | | | | | | | - Skin/sof | | | | | | t | | | | | | tissue | | | | | | infectio | | | | | | ns | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Allergic reactions - which can range from mild skin rashes to severe anaphylactic shock. GI effects - nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Bone marrow suppression - can suppress the production of blood cells in the bone marrow, which can lead to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Grey baby syndrome - characterised by vomiting, abdominal distension, and a grayish-blue skin color. Neurological effects - headache, confusion, and seizures. Visual disturbances - blurred vision and double vision. Hypersensitivity - fever, rash, and joint pain. -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CHLORAMPENICOL -------------- +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | +---------+---------+---------+ | -- ----------------- | | | MECHANI | | MECHANI | | Chloramphenicol | | | SM | | SM | | -- ----------------- | | | OF | | OF | | | | | | | | | | | | ACTION | | RESISTA | | | | | | | NCE | | | | +=========+=========+=========+ | | | | - - | | - Ina | | | | | - - | | ctivati | | | | | - | | on | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | sub | | | | | | | stituti | | | | | | | on | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Add | | | | | | | ition | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | a | | | | | | | che | | | | | | | mical | | | | | | | gro | | | | | | | up | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bot | | | | | | | h | | | | | | | G+/ | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | ace | | | | | | | tylate | | | | | | | chl | | | | | | | oramphe | | | | | | | nicol | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Una | | | | | | | ble | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | bin | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | 50S | | | | | | | as | | | | | | | 1-2 | | | | | | | ace | | | | | | | tyl | | | | | | | gro | | | | | | | ups | | | | | | | is | | | | | | | cov | | | | | | | alently | | | | | | | bon | | | | | | | ded | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | hyd | | | | | | | roxyl | | | | | | | gro | | | | | | | ups | | | | | | | on | | | | | | | AB | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eff | | | | | | | lux | | | | | | | pum | | | | | | | ps | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Red | | | | | | | uced | | | | | | | upt | | | | | | | ake | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | red | | | | | | | ucing | | | | | | | exp | | | | | | | ression | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | tra | | | | | | | nsport | | | | | | | pro | | | | | | | teins | | | | | | | acr | | | | | | | oss | | | | | | | CM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tar | | | | | | | get | | | | | | | sid | | | | | | | e | | | | | | | mod | | | | | | | ificati | | | | | | | on | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | 30S | | | | | | | rib | | | | | | | osome | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - For | | | | | | | mation | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | alt | | | | | | | ernativ | | | | | | | e | | | | | | | pat | | | | | | | hways | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | syn | | | | | | | thesis | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | ess | | | | | | | ential | | | | | | | pro | | | | | | | teins, | | | | | | | byp | | | | | | | assing | | | | | | | chl | | | | | | | oramphe | | | | | | | nicol | | | | | | | eff | | | | | | | ects | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Red | | | | | | | uced | | | | | | | per | | | | | | | meabili | | | | | | | ty | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | cel | | | | | | | l | | | | +---------+---------+---------+ | | +===================================+===================================+ | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | Used to | | | | | | treat | | | | | | | | | | | | - Typhoid | | | | | | fever | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bacteria | | | | | | l | | | | | | meningit | | | | | | is | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bacteria | | | | | | l | | | | | | conjunct | | | | | | ivitis | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GI effects - nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. Thought to be due to the disruption of the normal gut microbiota. Skin reactions - rash, hives, and itching. These side effects are thought to be due to an immune reaction. Liver toxicity - can lead to jaundice, abdominal pain, and liver failure. These side effects are rare but can be severe. Blood disorders - anaemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. These side effects are thought to be due to the suppression of bone marrow function. Neurological effects - headache, dizziness, and confusion. These side effects are thought to be due to the disruption of normal brain function. -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINCOSAMIDE ----------- +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | +---------+---------+---------+ | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | MECHANI | | | | Includes | | | | | | SM | | | | 'lin' in the | | | | | | OF | | | | name | | | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | RESISTA | | | | Examples: | | | | | | NCE | | | | | | | +=========+=========+=========+ | | | - Clindamy | | | | - Tar | | - Enz | | | | cin | | | | gets | | ymatic | | | | | | | | pro | | mod | | | | - Lincomyc | | | | tein | | ificati | | | | in | | | | syn | | on, | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | thesis | | can | | | | | | | be | | | | | - Bin | | ina | | | | | ds | | ctivate | | | | | to | | d | | | | | 23S | | by | | | | | RNA | | enz | | | | | of | | ymes | | | | | the | | tha | | | | | 50S | | t | | | | | sub | | add | | | | | unit | | a | | | | | of | | pho | | | | | the | | sphate | | | | | bac | | gro | | | | | terial | | up | | | | | rib | | suc | | | | | osome. | | h | | | | | | | as | | | | | - It | | the | | | | | inh | | lin | | | | | ibits | | cosamid | | | | | the | | e | | | | | ass | | pho | | | | | embly | | sphotra | | | | | of | | nsferas | | | | | the | | es. | | | | | rib | | | | | | | osome | | - Eff | | | | | and | | lux | | | | | pro | | pum | | | | | tein | | ps, | | | | | tra | | thi | | | | | nslatio | | s | | | | | n | | mec | | | | | | | hanism | | | | | - Thi | | of | | | | | s | | res | | | | | is | | istance | | | | | thr | | is | | | | | ough | | com | | | | | the | | mon | | | | | pre | | in | | | | | vention | | G- | | | | | of | | bac | | | | | pep | | teria. | | | | | tide | | | | | | | cha | | - Rib | | | | | in | | osomal | | | | | ini | | mod | | | | | tiation | | ificati | | | | | | | on, | | | | | - 50S | | som | | | | | | | e | | | | | | | bac | | | | | | | teria | | | | | | | can | | | | | | | met | | | | | | | hylate | | | | | | | spe | | | | | | | cific | | | | | | | nuc | | | | | | | leotide | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | 23S | | | | | | | rRN | | | | | | | A, | | | | | | | whi | | | | | | | ch | | | | | | | red | | | | | | | uces | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | bin | | | | | | | ding | | | | | | | aff | | | | | | | inity. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tar | | | | | | | get | | | | | | | mod | | | | | | | ificati | | | | | | | on | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | 50S | | | | | | | rib | | | | | | | osomes. | | | | +---------+---------+---------+ | | +===================================+===================================+ | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | Used to | | | | | | treat | | | | | | | | | | | | - Effectiv | | | | | | e | | | | | | against | | | | | | G+ | | | | | | infectio | | | | | | ns | | | | | | | | | | | | - Skin/sof | | | | | | t | | | | | | tissue | | | | | | infectio | | | | | | ns | | | | | | | | | | | | - RTIs | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bone and | | | | | | joint | | | | | | infectio | | | | | | ns | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bacteria | | | | | | l | | | | | | endocard | | | | | | itis | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sometime | | | | | | s | | | | | | acne | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ OXAZOLIDONES ------------ +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | +--------+--------+ | -- ---------------- | | | | | End in | | --------------------- | | | +--------+--------+ | --------------------- | | | | | es: | | ing | | | | | - Li | | Headache | | | | | nezoli | | Dizziness | | | | | d | | Insomnia | | | | | | | Rash | | | | | - Te | | Itching | | | | | dizoli | | Anaemia | | MECHANISM OF | +--------+--------+ | nt | | RESISTANCE | | ormalities | | | | Myelosuppression | | | | (linezolid) | | | | Optic neuropathy | | | | (linezolid) | | | | Haemotopoietic d | | Targets protei | | isorders (thrombocyto | | n synthesis | | penia, anaemia, leuco | | Bind to the 50 | | poenia) (linezolid) | | S ribosomal subunit a | | -- ---------------- | | nd inhibit protein sy | | --------------------- | | nthesis | | --------------------- | | 50S | | --------------------- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mutation of th | | | | e 23S rRNA binding si | | | | te on the 50S ribosom | | | | e. This is the most c | | | | ommon mechanism of re | | | | sistance to oxazolidi | | | | nones. | | | | Production of | | | | alternative ribosomal | | | | proteins - some bact | | | | eria can produce alte | | | | rnative ribosomal pro | | | | teins that are not af | | | | fected by oxazolidino | | | | nes. Allows the bacte | | | | ria to continue prote | | | | in synthesis even in | | | | the presence of the a | | | | ntibiotic. | | | | Efflux pumps.< | | | | /p> | | | | Production of | | | | enzymes that inactiva | | | | te the antibiotic | | | | | | | | Modification o | | | | f the antibiotic - mo | | | | dify chemical structu | | | | re oxazolidinones usi | | | | ng enzymes, can add c | | | | hemical groups. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | | +--------+--------+ | | | | | | Used | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | treat | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ce | | | | | | | llulit | | | | | | | es | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - CA | | | | | | | P | | | | | | | an | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | HA | | | | | | | P | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo | | | | | | | ne | | | | | | | an | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | jo | | | | | | | int | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | fectio | | | | | | | ns | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bl | | | | | | | oodstr | | | | | | | eam | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | fectio | | | | | | | ns | | | | | | | (s | | | | | | | epsis) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tu | | | | | | | bercul | | | | | | | osis | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | co | | | | | | | mbinat | | | | | | | ion | | | | | | | wi | | | | | | | th | | | | | | | ot | | | | | | | her | | | | | | | dr | | | | | | | ugs | | | | | +--------+--------+ | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ STREPTOGRAMINS -------------- +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | +--------+--------+ | -- ---------------- | | | | | Exampl | | --------------------- | | | | | | | --------------------- | | | | | inupri | | --------------------- | | | | | | | ----- | | | | | - Da | | GI effects - nau | | | | | lfopri | | sea, vomiting, diarrh | | | | | stin | | oea, and abdominal pa | | | +--------+--------+ | in. | | | | Allergic reactio | | MECHANISM OF | | and difficulty breath | | RESISTANCE | | Blood disorders | | | | - anaemia, leukopenia | | | | , and thrombocytopeni | | | | a. These side effects | | | | are thought to be du | | | | e to the suppression | | Targets protei | | of bone marrow functi | | n synthesis | | on. | | Streptogramin | | Liver toxicity | | group A and group B g | | Kidney toxicity | | enerally act synergis | | Electrolyte imba | | tically | | lances - can cause sy | | They bind to t | | mptoms such as muscle | | he 50S subunit of the | | cramps, weakness, an | | bacterial ribosome | |. | | Prevent transl | | -- ---------------- | | ation of mRNA into pr | | --------------------- | | otein | | --------------------- | | 50S | | --------------------- | | | | --------------------- | | | | --------------------- | | | | --------------------- | | Enzymatic modi | | ----- | | fication | | | | Efflux pumps | | | | Target site mo | | | | dification of ribosom | | | | e | | | | Sequestration | | | | – AB removed and stor | | | | ed in a different par | | | | t of the cell | | | | Cross-resistan | | | | ce to antibiotics tha | | | | t work in a similar w | | | | ay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | | +--------+--------+ | | | | | | Used | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | treat | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sk | | | | | | | in/sof | | | | | | | t | | | | | | | ti | | | | | | | ssue | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | fectio | | | | | | | n | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - RT | | | | | | | Is | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - In | | | | | | | tra-ab | | | | | | | domina | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | fectio | | | | | | | ns | | | | | | | e. | | | | | | | g. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |