Concepts of Health & Wellness PDF

CONCEPTS OF HEALTH & WELLNESS What is the most important thing in your life?  Concepts of health ⚫What is health according to you?  CONCEPT OF HEALTH Definitions: “Absence of disease” In some cultures, health and harmony are considered equivalent, Harmony: "bein...

CONCEPTS OF HEALTH & WELLNESS What is the most important thing in your life?  Concepts of health ⚫What is health according to you?  CONCEPT OF HEALTH Definitions: “Absence of disease” In some cultures, health and harmony are considered equivalent, Harmony: "being at peace with the self, the community, god and cosmos". (Indian Ayurveda and Greek) ⚫Modern medicine: Studies disease, and neglects of the study of health. ⚫ In 1977, the 30th World Health Assembly decided that the main social target of governments and WHO : ▪ "the attainment by all citizens of the world ▪ by the year 2000 ▪ of a level of health ▪ that will permit them to lead ▪ a socially and economically productive life”, ⚫ "Health for All" Changing concepts of health Biomedical concept Ecological concept Psychosocial concept Holistic concept Changing concepts Biomedical concept: "Absence of disease" based on "germ theory of disease“ ⚫Drawback: minimized the role of the environmental, social, psychological and cultural determinants of health. Changing concepts Ecological concept: According to ecologists: ⚫Health is a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment, and ⚫Disease is a maladjustment of the human organism to environment. Changing concepts Psychosocial concept: ⚫ Health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one which is influenced by ▪ social, ▪ psychological, ▪ cultural, ▪ economic and ▪ political factors of the people concerned. Changing concepts Holistic concept: It recognizes the strength of social, economic, political and environmental influences on health. ⚫Implies that all sectors of society have an effect on health ⚫Ancient view: Sound mind, in a sound body, in a sound family, in sound environment. ⚫Emphasis is on promotion and protection of health DEFINITION OF HEALTH: ⚫Health is a state of ⚫Complete physical, ⚫Mental and ⚫Social wellbeing and ⚫Not merely an absence of disease or infirmity ⚫To be able to lead a "socially and economically productive life" "Operational definition" of health: (a) No obvious evidence of disease, and that a person is functioning normally, i.e., within normal limits of variation (b) the several organs of the body are functioning adequately in themselves and in relation to one another  New philosophy of health ⚫ Health is a fundamental human right ⚫ Health is the essence of productive life, and not the result of ever increasing expenditure on medical care ⚫ Health is intersectoral ⚫ Health is an integral part of development ⚫ Health is central to the concept of quality of life ⚫ Health involves individuals, state and international responsibility ⚫ Health and its maintenance is a major social investment ⚫ Health is a worldwide social goal. Dimensions of Health  Physical Vocational Mental DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH Social Emotional Spiritual PHYSICAL DIMENSION: ⚫What does physical health mean? ⚫Perfect functioning of the body in which each organ is working in harmony with the maximum capacity ⚫How is it achieved? ⚫By exercise, healthy diet, adequate rest & sleep, Physical Dimension: ⚫What are the signs of good physical health? A healthy skin texture Bright eyes Not too thin or fat A good appetite Regular bowel and bladder activities Smooth and easy coordinated movements The resting pulse rate, blood pressure and exercise tolerance are all within the range of "normality" for the individual's age and gender.  Physical Dimension: ⚫How can proper physical health be maintained? ⚫By various preventive measures and regular follow up with health care providers Evaluation of physical health ⚫ self assessment of overall health ⚫ inquiry into symptoms of ill-health and risk factors ⚫ inquiry into medications ⚫ inquiry into levels of activity ⚫ inquiry into use of medical services ⚫ standardized questionnaires for cardiovascular diseases ⚫ standardized questionnaires for respiratory diseases ⚫ clinical examination ⚫ nutrition and dietary assessment, and ⚫ biochemical and laboratory investigations. MENTAL DIMENSION: ⚫What is good mental health? ⚫the ability to respond to the many varied experiences of life with flexibility and a sense of purpose Definition: ⚫ "A state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world, ⚫ a state of harmony between oneself and others, ⚫ a coexistence between the realities of the self and that of other people and that of the environment" Attributes of a mentally healthy person: ⚫ free from internal conflicts; he is not at "war" with himself. ⚫ he is well-adjusted, i.e., he is able to get along well with others. He accepts criticism and is not easily upset. ⚫ he searches for identity. ⚫ he has a strong sense of self-esteem. ⚫ he knows himself: his needs, problems and goals (this is known as self-actualization). ⚫ he has good self-control-balances rationality and emotionality. ⚫ he faces problems and tries to solve them intelligently, i.e., coping with stress and anxiety. SOCIAL DIMENSION: ⚫harmony and integration within the individual, ⚫between each individual and other members of society and ⚫between individuals and the world in which they live Definition: ⚫"Quantity and quality of an individual's interpersonal ties and the extent of involvement with the community" ⚫SPIRITUAL DIMENSION: It includes integrity, principles and ethics, the purpose in life, commitment to some higher being and belief in concepts that are not subject to "state of the art" explanation ⚫EMOTIONAL DIMENSION ⚫Mental health can be seen as "knowing" or "cognition" while emotional health relates to "feeling" VOCATIONAL DIMENSION ⚫When work is fully adapted to human goals, capacities and limitations, work often plays a role in promoting both physical and mental health. ⚫the culmination of the efforts of other dimensions as they function together to produce what the individual considers life "success" Other dimensions ⚫philosophical dimension ⚫cultural dimension ⚫socio-economic dimension ⚫environmental dimension ⚫educational dimension ⚫nutritional dimension ⚫curative dimension ⚫preventive dimension  CONCEPT OF WELL-BEING ⚫WHO definition of health ⚫What is well being? ⚫“the state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy” ⚫Has Subjective and Objective components  Objective components of well being 1. Standard of living: Measures of socio-economic status: ▪ Income and occupation, ▪ Standards of housing, sanitation and nutrition, ▪ The level of provision of health, educational, recreational and other services Collectively used as an index of the "standard of living” Concept of wellbeing: Objective component 2. Level of living: Nine components: Health Occupation and Food working consumption conditions Education Level Housing of living Leisure and Social human rights security Recreation Clothing Concept of wellbeing: Subjective component Quality of life : ⚫ A composite measure of physical, mental and social wellbeing as perceived by each individual ⚫ Evaluated by: Assessing a person's subjective feelings of happiness or unhappiness about the various life concerns ⚫ Improvement of quality of life means increased emphasis on social policy and on reformulation of societal goals to make life more livable for all. Concept of wellbeing: Physical quality of life index consolidates three indicators, Infant mortality, Life expectancy at age one Literacy. UAE Health Data: https://data.who.int/countries/784 Examples of Health Survey: http://www.idph.state.il.us/brfss/ques/brfss _round1_county.pdf  Health & Wellness Sample Questions o 1. For some people spiritual health is closely linked to religion: True False (MCQ) Select one answer According to the WHO, Health is: a. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not  merely the absence of disease or infirmity. b. The conditions under which people are born, grow, live, work, and age.c. c. The absence of disease or infirmity. d. The opposite of illness.