Concept Of Stress PDF

CONCEPT OF STRESS Objectives To understand the nature of stress and its types. To dentify the sources and effects of stress. To determine effective techniques for managing and coping with stress in a healthy and productive way.  Question: How do you know when you are stressed? What a...

CONCEPT OF STRESS Objectives To understand the nature of stress and its types. To dentify the sources and effects of stress. To determine effective techniques for managing and coping with stress in a healthy and productive way.  Question: How do you know when you are stressed? What are the stressors you commonly encounter, and how do you manage them? What Is Stress? Hans Selye Hans Selye is often referred to as the father of stress research, defined stress as the body's non- specific response to any demand placed upon it. Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which outlines three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. His work emphasized that while stress can be harmful, it can also be a natural response that prepares the body to deal with challenges. What Is Stress? Hill According to Hill (2001), in his book entitled, "A Level Psychology Through Diagrams", stress has been regarded as: century literature the concept of stress has been defined into the following three; 1) an internal physiological response, which can be explained as an involuntary physical reaction to a stressor; 2) an external pressure that is harmful to the body of the individual; and 3) a transaction between stimulus and response which depend on the cognitive evaluation of the context where only in absence of adequate coping mechanism is stress produced. What Is Stress? Lazarus and Folkman Lazarus and Folkman proposed a cognitive appraisal theory of stress, suggesting that stress is a result of the interaction between an individual and their environment. They emphasized the importance of cognitive appraisal in determining how stress affects an individual. According to their model, stress arises when a person perceives a situation as exceeding their coping resources, leading to feelings of threat or challenge. types of stress types of stress Distress Negative stress or distress (from Greek ‘dys’ meaning bad as in displeasure) is a stress arising from ill events or conditions (as in losing a friend or a job). Stress makes an individual experience anxiety which causes them to feel that they cannot handle what is thrown at them; this leads to poor work delivery and even breakdown in the mental as well as the physical system. Eustress Good stress, or Eustress (eu from the Greek word for good just like in euphoria) is caused by pleasant events or conditions and thus prompts you, enhances your performance, and stimulates you but is easily controlled. Examples of this include belonging to a school organization, or having a child. Hill (2001) posited that positive or negative stressful conditions make the body produce either a short response from to hot choices. Source of Stress sources of stress Academic Stressors Academic stress arises from the pressures associated with educational demands, such as exams, deadlines, and performance expectations. Students often experience anxiety related to their grades, workload, and competition. This type of stress can affect academic performance and overall mental health, making it essential to develop effective coping strategies. Ex. Stress and Learning, Speech Anxiety, Test Anxiety, Math Anxiety sources of stress Internal Stressors Internal stress originates from within an individual, often related to self-expectations, perfectionism, or negative self- talk. This type of stress can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt, impacting one's ability to cope with external challenges. Recognizing and addressing internal stressors is crucial for improving self-esteem and resilience. sources of stress Interpersonal Stressors Interpersonal stress arises from conflicts and challenges in relationships with others, such as family, friends, or colleagues. Poor communication, misunderstandings, and unresolved conflicts can contribute to this type of stress. Building healthy relationships and effective communication skills can help mitigate interpersonal stress. sources of stress Environmental Stressors Environmental stress is caused by external factors in an individual's surroundings, including noise, pollution, and overcrowding. These stressors can lead to feelings of discomfort and anxiety, impacting overall well-being. Creating a more conducive environment can help reduce environmental stress. sources of stress Job Stressors Job-related stress is a common issue in the workplace, stemming from factors such as workload, job security, and workplace relationships. High levels of job-related stress can lead to burnout and decreased job satisfaction. Implementing stress management techniques and promoting a healthy work-life balance are essential for addressing this type of stress. sources of stress Technological Stressors Technological stress arises from the challenges associated with the rapid advancement of technology and the constant connectivity it brings. Individuals may feel overwhelmed by information overload, the pressure to be constantly available, and the fear of missing out (FOMO). Managing technology use and setting boundaries can help alleviate technological stress. Stages of stress Alarm Stage Resistance Stage Exhaustion Stage stages of Stress? Alarm Stage The alarm stage is the initial response to a stressor, where the body perceives a threat and activates the fight or flight response. This stage is characterized by physiological changes, such as increased heart rate and heightened alertness. The body prepares to confront or escape the stressor, signaling the beginning of the stress response. stages of Stress? Resistance Stage In the resistance stage, the body attempts to adapt to the ongoing stressor. During this phase, individuals may experience heightened focus and performance as they cope with the demands placed on them. However, prolonged exposure to stress can lead to fatigue and decreased effectiveness over time. stages of Stress? Exhaustion Stage The exhaustion stage occurs when the body's resources are depleted due to prolonged stress. This stage can result in physical and emotional burnout, leading to various health issues, including anxiety, depression, and chronic illness. It is crucial to recognize the signs of exhaustion and implement stress-reducing strategies to prevent further deterioration of health. Approaches to Physical Aspects of Stress Management stress Social Aspects of Stress management Management Environmental Aspects of Stress Management Psychological Aspects of Stress Management Cognitive Aspects of Stress Management  Physical Impact of Sleep problems, digestive issues, headaches, increased risk of heart disease. Stress on Mental Health Depression, anxiety, difficulty concentrating. Emotional Irritability, sensitivity, feeling overwhelmed.  Relaxation and Breathing Techniques Meditation Deep Breathing Spend time meditating Practice deep breathing exercises to daily to calm the mind. reduce physical and mental tension.  Regular Exercise Regular physical activity can reduce stress and improve mood. Balanced Diet Consume nutritious foods to support physical and mental health. Healthy Adequate Sleep Lifestyle Ensure quality sleep for body and mind recovery.  Join Communities Professional Talk with Close Ones Consultation Find support Don’t hesitate to Discuss your seek help from a groups or social feelings with psychologist or activities that you friends or family. counselor if enjoy. needed. Social Support and Communication Conclusion Stress management is an ongoing process that requires attention and effort but can significantly enhance quality of life. Thank You