computer_skills[1]-1.pptx

Applications of ICT Ramla Sheikh Department of Information Technology University of Haripur Recommended Text Book Introduction to Computers" by Peter Norton, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill SiE, ISBN 0-07-059374-4. User Manual of MS Office and Handouts of the use of MS Wo...

Applications of ICT Ramla Sheikh Department of Information Technology University of Haripur Recommended Text Book Introduction to Computers" by Peter Norton, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill SiE, ISBN 0-07-059374-4. User Manual of MS Office and Handouts of the use of MS Word, Excel and PowerPoint. Sports Leadership, 2007 Australian Institute of Sports, Sydney Training Theory, 2011 Dr. Waheed Mughal  The Computer Defined Converts data into Modern computers are Electronic device information digital Two digits combine to make data (0, 1) Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  The Computer Defined Older computers were analog A more manageable type -- the old-fashioned slide rule Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Individual Use Computers can be shared by multiple users but can be used by only one person at a time. Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Individual Use Although PCs are used by individuals, they also can be connected together to create networks. Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Individual Use Desktop computers The most common Sits on the Performs a type of computer desk or floor variety of tasks Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Individual Use Desktop computers Different design types Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Individual Use Specialized computers Workstat Optimized for ions science or graphics More powerful than a desktop Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Individual Use Notebook computers Small portable Weighs between 3 computers and 8 pounds Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Individual Use Notebook computers About 8 ½ by 11 Typically as powerful Can include a inches as a desktop docking station Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Individual Use Tablet computers Newest Input is Run specialized development in versions of office portable computers through a pen products Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur Computers for Individual Use Handheld computers, palm computer Very small Personal Digital Note taking or Data can Assistants contact synchronize computers (PDA) management with a desktop Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Individual Use Smart phones Hybrid of cell phone Web surfing, e-mail and PDA access Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Organizations Network servers Centralized All other computer computers connect Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Organizations Network servers Provides access to Multiple servers are Often simply a powerful desktop: network resources called server farms Google Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Organizations Network servers Users use the Internet as a means of connecting even if away from the offices. Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computers for Organizations Called midrange computers Minicomputer Power between mainframe and desktop Handle hundreds of users s Used in smaller organizations Users access through a terminal Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur Computers for Organizations Mai Used in large organizations nfra Handle thousands of users Users access mes through a terminal Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur Computers for Organizations The most powerful computers made Supercomputer Handle large and complex calculations s Process trillions of operations per second Found in research organizations Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Reading Activity Business Banking and Financial Industrial Role of Areas Education compute Medical Legal r in Government Sport Entertainment Daily life Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Parts of the Computer System Computer systems have four parts Hardwar Softwar e e Data User Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Parts of the Computer System Mechanical Anything that Tell the Also Thousand computer s of devices in the can be what to called a programs computer touched do program exist Hardwar Softwar e e Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Parts of the Computer System Data Users Pieces of information People operating the Computers organize and computer present data Most important part Tell the computer what to do Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Information Processing Cycle Steps followed to process data Input Processing Output Storage Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Essential Computer Hardware Computers Hardware use the categorized into four types same basic Input Proc Me Storag hardware esso r mor y & Outpu t e Device s Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Essential Computer Hardware Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Essential Computer Hardware Brains of the computer Processing Carries out instructions from the program Most computers have several processors devices Central Processing Unit (CPU) Processors made of silicon and copper Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Essential Computer Hardware Stores data or programs Memor y Volatile Random Access Memory (RAM) Stores current data and programs More RAM results in a faster system device Read Only Memory (ROM) Permanent storage of programs s Holds the computer boot directions Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Essential Computer Hardware Allows the user to interact Input and Input devices accept data Keyboard, mouse output Output devices deliver data Monitor, printer, speaker devices Some devices are input and output Touch screens Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Essential Computer Hardware Storage devices Hold data Magnetic Optical and Different storage storage programs from RAM Floppy Uses a CD and Uses a laser and hard magnet to DVD to access permanently drive access data drives data Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Software Runs the Machine Tells the computer what to Two types do System Application software software Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Software Runs the Machine Syste Most important software Operating system m Windows XP Network operating system (OS) softwa Windows Server 2003 Utility Symantec AntiVirus re Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Software Runs the Machine Application software Accomplishes a specific task Most common type of software MS Word Covers most common uses of computers Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Computer Users Role Setup the system Install software depends Manage files Maintain the on ability system Run with no user “Userless” input Automated computers systems Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Understanding the Internet The Internet The Web allows simplifie accessin The Web connects documents s the g Internet resource s Hyperte xt Docume HTTP creates nts are delivers links stored documen between on a web ts documen server ts Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Understanding the Internet Web site is a collection Hypertext Markup of Language document s Pages Descri Conte Docum are bes cont s web enclos a web hed to pages ent tags web look Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Understanding The Internet Browse rs Read and translate the HTML Display web content Uniform Resourc Address of a web page e Locator (URL) Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  The Internet’s Major Services Develop ed in 1993 by Tim- Berners Lee The Instantan Allowed World eous connecti Electronic transmissi Wide on of mail (e- on of Web documen mail) document (WWW) ts s Required a browser to read documen ts Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  The Internet’s Major Services File Transfer News Protocol (FTP) Electronic Sends and Often called discussions receives newsgroups on several files topics Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  The Internet’s Major Services Instant Peer-to-peer Chat messag services ing Allows Illegal to Public Private sharing share real time real time of files copyright conversa conversa among ed tion tion users material Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  E-Mail (Electronic Mail) Exchanges messages with other users Messages Mail waits Text, audio, reach in mailbox pictures destination until and video in seconds opened messages Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Using e-mail Outlook and Gmail are common Need Need name username of mail and server password Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Using e-mail e-mail Unique address addres Allows sending and receiving ses [email protected] List Lists of e-mail addresses Each address gets the e-mail Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Using e-mail e- Create a new message mail Send an attachment Reply to e-mail actio Open attachments Forward an e-mail ns Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Other Internet Features Thousands of topics available Messages are called New threads Users can create threads s Users can comment on threads Need a news reader program Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Other Internet Features File Transf Copies files from a remote computer er FTP client is needed Protoc Some sites require a password ol (FTP) Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Other Internet Features Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Real time Multi-users All users can communicati with many read the on system channels comments Department of Information Technology – The University of Haripur  Uses of Internet. To access information, news, research and education material. To conduct business. To access sources of entertainment such as online games, magazines etc. To meet and talk with people around the world in discussion groups or chat rooms. To access other computers and exchange files. To send and receive E-mail messages. To shop for goods and services.  History of Internet. The work on Internet was started during cold war of Russia and America. ARPANET: In 1957, during the Cold War, Russia launched satellite and America developed a network known as ARPANET. ARPANET was developed by ARPA. ARPA worked on project to send information to armed forces at long distance. Different organization and universities were involved in this research.  History of Internet.  Paul Baran:  In 1964, Paul Baran published a paper on Distributed Communication Networks.  It was a theoretical idea for data transfer.  It included:  Decentralization of data storage.  Data packets as unit of data transfer.  Routes for data transfer.  NCP Protocol:  Protocol is a collection of rules that makes the communication possible and effi cient.  In 1970s, Network Control Protocol was developed.  It was the first standard protocol for data  History of Internet. DARPA(1960s): Defense Advanced Research Project Agency was a new name for ARPA. DARPA started work to share information not only on single network but also among different and scattered networks. TCP/IP(1970s): TCP/IP was developed by Stanford Research Institute. It was designed to share and transfer data among different networks.  History of Internet.  BITNET and CSNET:  BITNET (Because It’s Time Network) and CSNET (Computer Science Network) were established for non- military persons.  These networks were used for academic and research purposes.  In these network, IBM computers and other universities computer were connected together.  World Wide Network:  Different universities and research institutions started work on a global network (Internet).  In 1986, NSFNet (National Science Foundation Network) was developed. It connected academic research institutions of different countries together.  Service of Internet. Word Wide Web:  It is a collection of documents or web pages stored on computers permanently connected with the Internet around the world.  A collection of related web pages is called website.  The web pages in a website are connected to one another using hyperlinks. E-mail:  E-mail stands for Electronic Mail.  E-mail is the exchange of messages through Internet.  Message can be in the form of graphics, sound, video clips or simple text.  It is a fast way of delivering messages anywhere in the world in a very short time.  Service of Internet. E-commerce:  Electronic commerce means to carry out financial and business dealings using Internet.  A person can deal with his customers throughout the world.  People can buy and sell goods on Internet, Even payment can be made using Credit Card numbers. Telnet:  Telnet is a program that allows you to connect to a remote computer on the Internet.  After connecting, your computer acts like a terminal directly linked to the remote computer. You can make change in the computer configuration as that you can do local.  A Telnet program must be installed on your local computer and configured to your web browser in order to work.  Service of Internet. File Transfer Protocol (FTP).  FTP is used for sending files from one place to another.  Audio, video, graphics and data files can be uploaded and downloaded using this protocol.  Different softwares like CuteFTP, WS_FTP uses this protocol for transferring files on the Internet. Chatting and Instant Messaging:  Chat programs allow users on the Internet to communicate with one another by typing messages.  These programs can be either a single program like Yahoo Massagner, MSN Massanger etc or included as a feature of a website, where users can log into the chat room to exchange comments and information.