Hematology Review Notes Week 1 PDF
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University of the Immaculate Conception
Janelle Canon
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Summary
These notes cover basic hematology principles and RBC indices. They explain the components of whole blood and describe formed elements and sizes. The document also discusses MCV and MCHC.
Full Transcript
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM (MTAP) MCV HEMATOLOGY REVIEW NOTES WEEK 1...
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM (MTAP) MCV HEMATOLOGY REVIEW NOTES WEEK 1 ○ ormocytic = 80-100 fl N By JANELLE CAÑON, RMT, DTA, MLS(ASCPi)CM ○ Microcytic = 100 fL ○ Increased in megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia with reticulocytosis, liver disease, and normal BASIC HEMATOLOGY PRINCIPLES newborn ○ Decreased in iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, and lead poisoning Whole bloodis composed of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma. Anisocytosis- increase in the number of cells with variation in size ○ ○ Buffy coatis composed of leukocytes and platelets. MCHC Plasma vs. Serum ○ Hypochromic = 37 g/dL ○ Serumis the liquid portion of clotted blood; appears clear and straw; lacks Fibrinogen or factor I. ○ Hypochromic RBCs - seen in iron deficiency and thalassemia ○ Both are made of 90% water ○ 38 g/dL = Presence of spherocytes Formed elements and sizes: ○ > 38 g/dL = Machine error ○ Anisochromia- variation in color Other RBC Parameters ○ RBC Distribution Width (RDW) Formed element Size Normal value: 11.5-14.5% Determined from the RBC histogram Thrombocytes/Platelets 2 - 4 um Proportional to the degree of anisocytosis Seen post-transfusion, post-treatment, idiopathic sideroblastic anemia, in the presence of two Erythrocytes/RBCs 6 - 8 um concurrent deficiencies (iron and folic acid deficiencies) ○ Hematocrit Normal lymphocytes 6 - 9 um Refers to the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of whole blood Normal values: 41-53% in Males (0.41-0.53 L/L); 36-46% in Female (0.36-0.46 L/L) Reactive lymphocytes 10 - 22 um Microhematocrit - reference manual method Basophils 10 - 15 um Segmented Neutrophils 10 - 15 um Band Neutrophils 10 - 15 um ○ Hemoglobin Eosinophils 12 - 16 um Normal values: Males: 13.5-17.5 g/dL (135-175 g/L); Females: 12.0-16.0 g/dL (120-160 g/L) 9 Monocytes 12 - 20 um Platelets -Normal value: 150-450 X10 /L or 150,000-450,000/uL ○ ○ Mean platelet volume (MPV)- Normal value: 6.8-10.2 fL Hematology staining: RBC Indices ○ Nonvital (dead cell) polychrome stain (Romanowsky) ○ Wright’s stain- most commonly used routine smear stain Methanol- used as fixative for blood smears Eosin- Secondary stain; acidic dye Parameter Description Formula Normal Value Phosphate Buffer- pH between 6.4 and 6.8 Methylene Blue- Primary stain; basic dye Mean corpuscular Indicator of the average or 80-100 femtoliters ○ Nonvital monochrome stain volume (MCV) mean volume of RBCs (fL) Prussian blue- used to visualize iron granules; contains potassium ferrocyanide, HC1, and a safranin counterstain ○ Supravital (living cell) monochrome stain- no fixative needed Mean corpuscular Indicator of the average 26-34 picograms New methylene blueorBrilliant Cresyl Blue- visualize Reticulocytes emoglobin (MCH) h weight of hemoglobin in (pg) Neutral red with brilliant cresyl green - visualize Heinz bodies individual RBCs HEMATOPOIESIS Mean corpuscular easure of the average M 32-37 g/dL Continuous, regulated process of blood cell formation that includes: hemoglobin concentration of hemoglobin o Cell renewal concentration in grams per o Cell proliferation (MCHC) deciliter o Cell differentiation o Cell maturation Occurinorgansofthereticuloendo-thelialsystem(RES)whichincludesthebonemarrow,spleen,liver,thymus, and lymph nodes. T his material is made and exclusively distributed to Stellar Learning Hub review students only. T his material is made and exclusively distributed to Stellar Learning Hub review students only. Any illegal reproduction of this material will result in immediate legal action. Any illegal reproduction of this material will result in immediate legal action. Types of Hematopoiesis ○ Site:Bone marrow cavity(medulla) Red bone marrow - hematopoietically active Yellow bone marrow - inactive; adipocytes ○ By the end of 24 weeks (6 months) gestation, the bone marrow becomes the primary site of Hematopoiesis ○ Retrogression- when red marrow is transformed to yellow marrow ○ Cellularity is the ratio of marrow cells to fat (red marrow/yellow marrow): Normocellular— Marrow has 30-70% hematopoietic cells Hypercellular/hyperplastic—Marrow has >70% hematopoietic cells Hypocellular/hypoplastic—Marrow has
