Community Testbank PDF

Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 1-1 Chapter 1: The History of Community Health Nursing in Canada Multiple Choice Questions 1. Who would a district or visiting nurse most likely work with in the early 1900s in Canada?...

Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 1-1 Chapter 1: The History of Community Health Nursing in Canada Multiple Choice Questions 1. Who would a district or visiting nurse most likely work with in the early 1900s in Canada? a. Families who could afford to pay b. Poor and destitute families c. The community d. School children abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 6); Learning Outcome 1 abirb.com/test 2. Which community health nursing specialty emerged in early 20th-century Canada to combat communicable disease, infant mortality, and childhood morbidity? a. Visiting nursing b. District nursing abirb.com/test c. Private duty nursing d. Public health nursing abirb.com/test Correct Answer: d (page 5); Learning Outcome 2 3. In the early 20th century, most nurses were self-employed as private-duty nurses. Which statement below characterizes the social attitude of the era? abirb.com/test a. Public health was the responsibility of doctors b. Visiting nurses were responsible for community health c. The state was not responsible for health care abirb.com/test d. Women should not be working outside of the family Correct Answer: c (page 4); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 1-2 4. What was the primary reason for the establishment of school health programs? a. Prevent ill children from becoming dependent citizens b. Promote the health of all children c. Provide food for children who lived in poverty d. Treat sick children so they could work and contribute to the family income Correct Answer: b (page 5); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 5. The earliest forms for healthcare in Canada were: abirb.com/test a. The practices of Indigenous people b. European settlers who were physicians c. The wives of surgeons d. The Grey Nuns abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a (page 2); Learning Outcomes 1, 2, 4, & 5 6. ___________________ were Canada’s first community nursing order who made abirb.com/test significant contributions to promote health equity by providing access to health services, food, shelter, and education for people rendered vulnerable: a. The Victorian Order of Nurses b. The Grey Nuns abirb.com/test c. Public Health Nurses d. School Nurses abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 3); Learning Outcomes 1, 2, 3, & 4 7. The dual mandate of doing charitable work and providing affordable nursing care to the working and middle class was held by which agency? abirb.com/test a. The Margaret Scott Nursing Mission b. The Victorian Order of Nurses c. Indian Health Services d. Public Health Services Correct Answer: b (page 4); Learning Outcomes 1, 2, & 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 1-3 8. How were public health nurses and home visiting nurses different from nurses employed in other sectors of the healthcare system? a. They received less compensation for their services b. They were dependent on other health care professionals c. They required post-diploma training at a university d. They offered services to the elite living in urban districts Correct Answer: c (page 4); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 abirb.com/test 9. Which of the following were the first two public health nursing specialties? a. TB nursing and school nursing b. Private duty nursing and TB nursing c. Home-visiting nursing and school nursing abirb.com/test d. Outpost nursing and school nursing Correct Answer: a (page 5); Learning Outcomes 1 & 3 abirb.com/test 10. What was the role of the first public health nurses in Canada? Select all that apply. a. To combat communicable diseases abirb.com/test b. To decrease infant mortality c. To secure housing for the elite d. To promote health of school children abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a, b, d (page 4); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 11. Which organization is credited for establishing well-baby clinics? a. The Grey Nuns abirb.com/test b. The Victorian Order of Nurses c. The Red Cross d. Provincial Health Departments Correct Answer: c (page 5); Learning Outcome 1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 1-4 12. Why did public health programs have limited success in rural and isolated areas? a. There was a greater need for bedside nursing care b. There were many physicians in the rural areas c. There was higher need for health education and illness prevention d. Local health departments were situated in rural areas Correct Answer: a (page 6); Learning Outcomes 2 & 3 abirb.com/test 13. Which of the following roles best describes the work of the district and visiting nurse? Select all that apply. a. They provided essential emergency care abirb.com/test b. They provided bed-side nursing and health education c. They provided obstetrical care in the home d. They provided preventative health teaching abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a, b, c, d (page 6); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 14. How did publicly funded healthcare programs change the work of visiting nursing associations? abirb.com/test a. The Victorian Order of Nurses took over public health programs b. Visiting nurses provided care to those who could not afford it c. Hospital admission became the norm for those requiring obstetrical care abirb.com/test d. Chronically ill individuals no longer remained in community settings Correct Answer: c (page 6); Learning Outcome 1 15. Military nursing requires the nurse to demonstrate which of the following abirb.com/test competencies of community health nursing? Select all that apply. a. A narrow vision that does not involve primary or secondary care b. The ability to provide population health approaches c. The ability to adapt practice in diverse settings d. The ethical comportment to address conflicts that involve violence Correct Answer: b, c, d (page 6); Learning Outcomes 2, 3, & 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 1-5 16. Which of the following types of community health nursing refers to nurses providing services in the most remote geographic locations? a. Visiting nursing b. Public health nursing c. Outpost nursing d. District nursing Correct Answer: c (page 7); Learning Outcome 2 abirb.com/test 17. Which group played an important role in developing the social and healthcare services in smaller communities? a. The Victorian Order of Nurses b. The politicians abirb.com/test c. District and visiting nurses d. Women volunteers abirb.com/test Correct Answer: d (page 5); Learning Outcome 2 18. The first group of public health officials implemented infant and child welfare programs in the early 20th century. What was the focus of these programs? Select all that apply. abirb.com/test a. Postpartum home visits soon after birth b. Home visits to assess childcare practices c. Home visits to assess hygienic conditions abirb.com/test d. Promoting breastfeeding in various locations Correct Answer: a, b, c, d (page 5); Learning Outcome 2, 3, & 4 abirb.com/test 19. Which of the following programs were taken over by the health department as part of the process of consolidating all public health programs? a. School health programs b. Social welfare programs c. Well-baby programs d. Home visiting programs Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 1-6 Correct Answer: a (page 5); Learning Outcomes 2 & 3 20. Which of the following organizations is viewed as Canada’s oldest and most experienced visiting nursing organization? a. The Red Cross b. The Victorian Order of Nurses c. The Grey Nuns d. Provincial health departments abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 9); Learning Outcome 1 21. Early school-based initiatives involved which of the following activities? a. Immunizations at various ages abirb.com/test b. Medical inspections of children followed by home visits c. Breakfast and lunch programs d. Sanitation and access to potable water abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 5); Learning Outcomes 1, 3, & 4 22. How did the reduction in government spending in the 1980s and 1990s affect community health nurses? abirb.com/test a. Increased funding for physical infrastructure b. Re-institutionalization of mental health patients c. Improved capacity to follow-up with patients with communicable diseases abirb.com/test d. Reduced nursing staff numbers and levels of service Correct Answer: d (page 9); Learning Outcome 1 23. In which year was the Community Health Nurses Association of Canada established? abirb.com/test a. 1995 b. 2000 c. 1987 d. 1976 Correct Answer: c (page 10); Learning Outcome 1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 1-7 24. Which document continues to be recognized as a visionary document with recommendations for shifting resources and policy in the direction of primary health care, home healthcare, and health promotion, which nurses as key players in the system? a. The Alma-Ata Declaration b. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion c. The Medical Care Act d. The Romanow Commission’s report abirb.com/test Correct Answer: d (page 11); Learning Outcomes 1 & 3 25. General public health nursing practice emerged from which type of nursing a. School nursing b. Visiting nursing abirb.com/test c. Outpost nursing d. Home-visiting nursing abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a (page 11); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 Short Answer Questions abirb.com/test 26. Contrast the three sectors of nursing that existed in Canada in the 20th century. Correct Answer: Hospital nurses, private-duty nurses, and public health nurses (including visiting nurses). Differences in practice settings/locations, pay/funding, abirb.com/test educational preparation, focus of care, types of clientele (page 4; Learning Outcomes 1 & 2). 27. Discuss the role that women’s volunteerism and leadership in communities abirb.com/test played in the development of community health nursing. Correct Answer: They worked on community development, the made the development of healthcare services a priority; they lobbied local officials, served tea at child welfare clinics, sewed layettes for destitute families, provided transportation, made referrals, raised funds, and enabled CHNs to fulfill their professional obligations to the fullest extent possible (page 4; Learning Outcomes 1, 2, 3, & 4). Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 1-8 28. Discuss why local physicians sometimes did not support local public health programs Correct Answer: Because they feared that the PHNs would provide primary care and thus compete with them for both patients and income (page 5; Learning Outcome 1). 29. Discuss how increased government responsibility for the healthcare of Canadians had an impact on public health nursing. Correct Answer: Programs were expanded between 1940 and 1970; shift in focus from abirb.com/test child health, immunization, and communicable disease control to a focus on decreasing morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases and injuries; increased demands on time for the early postpartum discharge home visiting program (page 8; Learning Outcomes 1, 2, 3, & 4). abirb.com/test 30. The early practice of community health nursing was generalist in nature, consisting of a comprehensive range of services, including home healthcare and abirb.com/test health promotion. Why did community health nursing become specialized over time? Correct Answer: specialization occurred as a response to social, economic, and abirb.com/test political forces, including the expanding knowledge of society (page 11; Learning Outcomes 2, 3, & 4). abirb.com/test abirb.com/test Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-1 Chapter 2: Policy, Politics, and Power in Health Care Multiple Choice Questions 1. Where was Canada’s first universal health insurance program implemented? a. Manitoba in 1957 b. Canada in 1967 c. Prince Edward Island in 1867 abirb.com/test d. Saskatchewan in 1947 Correct Answer: d (page 19); Learning Outcome 1 2. What was the purpose of the Canada Health Act (1984)? abirb.com/test a. Provide the provinces with more legal authority b. Provide direction for cash contributions made by the federal government for essential medical services abirb.com/test c. Establish a national drug plan so that every citizen has access to the medicines they need d. Increase access to care based on ability to pay abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 19); Learning Outcome 1 3. What Act has as its cornerstones publicly administered, comprehensive, universal, portable, and accessible? abirb.com/test a. Hospital Insurances and Diagnostic Services Act b. Constitution Act c. Canada Health Act abirb.com/test d. American Medicare Act Correct Answer: c (page 19); Learning Outcome 1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-2 4. What were the primary objectives of Canadian health care policy according to the Canada Health Act (1984)? Select all that apply. a. Facilitate reasonable access to health services b. Protect the health care system from privatization c. Restore stable health care funding to the federal government d. Protect, promote, and restore the physical and mental well-being of the residents of Canada abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a, d (page 20); Learning Outcome 1 5. The Canada Health Act (1984) has been successful in ensuring all Canadians have access to the health care they need, regardless of their ability to pay or abirb.com/test where they live. Which of the following is true of the Canada Health Act? Select all that apply. a. It is held up as a symbol of the values that represent Canada abirb.com/test b. It articulates a social contract that defines health care as a basic right c. It penalizes provinces that oppose the public health aspects of the act d. It reflects the values of social justice, equity, and community abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a, b, d (page 19); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 6. Which model dominated public and political thinking about health during the time that the Canadian Medicare System was created in 1957? abirb.com/test a. Healthy lifestyle model b. Socio-environmental model c. Biomedical model abirb.com/test d. Health promotion model Correct Answer: c (page 20); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-3 7. Which document was considered revolutionary by the global community and led to a reconceptualization of health promotion? a. The Lalonde Report b. The Declaration of Alma Ata c. The Ottawa Charter d. The Social Determinants of Health Correct Answer: a (page 20); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 abirb.com/test 8. Contemporary nurses are demonstrating power in a number of ways including which of the following? Select all that apply. a. The authority that comes with the possession of knowledge (“knowledge is power”) abirb.com/test b. Legal power that is associated with the legitimatization of nursing roles (e.g., nurse practitioner) abirb.com/test c. Changed self-perceptions to accept one’s own ideas or the ideas of other nursing leaders instead of those imposed by others d. More involvement in the political process, labour unions, and organizational lobbying efforts abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a, b, c, d (page 27); Learning Outcomes 4 & 5 9. Which of the following statements is true of how nurses use power? Select all that apply. abirb.com/test a. Nurses exert power through the language they use in nurse-client interactions abirb.com/test b. Nurses address power imbalances in the micro politics of social rituals c. Nurses address power imbalances in the structural underpinnings that reinforce and perpetuate power relations d. Nurses address power imbalances by addressing issues of health inequity through health policy Correct Answer: a, b, c, d (page 27); Learning Outcomes 4 & 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-4 10. What are the four determinants of health identified in the Lalonde Report (1974)? a. Socio-environmental, biomedical, disease prevention, and health promotion b. Gender, culture, working conditions, and education c. Biological, emotional, spiritual, and psychological d. Environment, lifestyle, human biology, and healthcare system abirb.com/test Correct Answer: d (page 20); Learning Outcomes 2 and 4 11. What provided the basis for the Ottawa Charter? a. Epp Report abirb.com/test b. Alma Ata Declaration c. Canada Health Act d. British North America Act abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a (page 21); Learning Outcome 1 12. Primary care is focused on the services accessed at the first point of contact with the health system. Which of the following statements is correct of primary abirb.com/test care? Select all that apply. a. The primary care system is the “first line” of clinical services that provides an entry point to the health care system abirb.com/test b. Primary care teams produce better health outcomes and ensure the most efficient use of resources c. Primary care teams can achieve efficiencies by allowing each team abirb.com/test member to function at the top of their skill set d. Primary care services across Canada have remained static over the past decade because the demographic has not changed Correct Answer: a, b, c (page 22); Learning Outcome 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-5 13. Which province was the first to develop an Indigenous Health and Wellness Strategy? a. Quebec b. Nova Scotia c. Ontario d. British Columbia Correct Answer: c (page 22); Learning Outcome 2 abirb.com/test 14. Who funds public health in Canada? a. Provinces and territories b. Municipalities c. Federal government abirb.com/test d. Provincial and federal government Correct Answer: a (page 23); Learning Outcome 2 abirb.com/test 15. While community health services are organized and delivered differently across Canada, each province and territory provides which of the following services? Select all that apply. a. Primary health care b. Primary care abirb.com/test c. Public health d. Home care abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a, b, c, d (page 22); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 16. Which services is not an insured service under the Canada Health Act? a. Public health abirb.com/test b. Acute care c. Home care d. Long term care Correct Answer: c (page 24); Learning Outcomes 2, 3, & 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-6 17. Several factors impact the need for a new approach to the provision of home health care in Canada. Which of the factors below needs consideration? Select all that apply. a. Canada is an aging nation with increasing rates of chronic disease b. Across the country, there has been a reduction in numbers of family caregivers and support networks c. Challenges exist in the recruitment and retention of health care workers. d. Increased use of technology for clients, providers, and the system allows abirb.com/test for more home care. Correct Answer: a, b, c, d (page 24); Learning Outcome 5 18. Role clarity has been identified as an issue for community health nurses. What is abirb.com/test a component of role clarity? a. Understanding the role of other health care professionals abirb.com/test b. Sharing a common language to describe the role c. Leadership development d. Access to specialized expertise abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 28); Learning Outcome 5 19. What would help community health nurses to be valued more by other health care professionals? abirb.com/test a. To be able to describe their role with confidence b. Quality supervision and management c. Access to ongoing education and training abirb.com/test d. Stronger leadership in the area Correct Answer: a (page 28); Learning Outcome 5 20. Which of the following is identified as attributes of nurse leaders that contribute to effectiveness? a. Avoiding risk taking b. Organizational ability Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-7 c. Social awareness d. Comfort with routines Correct Answer: c (page 29); Learning Outcomes 4 & 5 21. Within a context of community health nursing practice, which organizational support positively influences practice? a. A work environment that disestablishes leadership b. A work environment that devalues unique contribution of staff abirb.com/test c. A work environment that has unstable funding d. A work environment that has access to resources Correct Answer: d (page 29); Learning Outcomes 4 & 5 abirb.com/test 22. Transformational leadership practices include which of the following? a. Building relationships and trust b. Creating disempowering work environments abirb.com/test c. Creating a culture that supports knowledge stasis d. Avoiding taking any risks Correct Answer: a (page 29); Learning Outcomes 4 & 5 abirb.com/test 23. Professionals working in health service organizations with strong leadership demonstrate which of the following? a. Lower levels of organizational effectiveness abirb.com/test b. Decreased organizational commitment c. Increased ability to lead a stagnant workforce d. Greater sense of affiliation with organizational goals abirb.com/test Correct Answer: d (page 29); Learning Outcomes 4 & 5 24. Which of the following personal resources are necessary for developing and sustaining leadership? Select all that apply. a. Personal identity b. Leadership expertise c. Community attributes Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-8 d. Social supports Correct Answer: b, d (page 29); Learning Outcomes 4 & 5 25. What is one way to strengthen collaborative leadership at the national level? a. Promoting community health solutions across sectors b. Creating an empowering work environment c. Cultivating personal supports d. Willingness to be risk averse abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a (page 30); Learning Outcomes 2 & 3 Short Answer Questions abirb.com/test 26. Contrast the terms primary care and primary health care and give an example of each related to community health nursing practice Correct Answer: abirb.com/test Primary Care: a person's first point of contact with the health care system. Primary care services are dominated by medicine and have focused mainly on acute care and treatment of disease. The largest group of primary care providers in Canada is abirb.com/test physicians. Other primary care providers are nurse practitioners, dentists, chiropractors, pharmacists, dieticians, midwives, optometrists and to some extent PHNs. Most Canadians access primary care though a family or general practitioner who is abirb.com/test reimbursed on a fee-for-service basis. Only a few Canadians receive primary care services through a CHC, walk-in clinics, or emergency rooms. Example related to CHN practice: A family who a PHN visits in the postpartum period may also see the primary care provider, most likely a GP, around the same time, abirb.com/test increasing the need for interprofessional communication. Primary Health Care: a philosophy or approach to care that involves the principles set forth at Alma Ata in 1978: health care that is accessible, affordable, and acceptable; uses appropriate technology; promotes health; and recognizes intersectoral and interdisciplinary approaches. Examples related to CHN practice: a multidisciplinary community health council with Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-9 several CHNs as members collaborates with a community to develop a network of safe bike and walking trails through residential and industrial neighbourhoods (page 22; Learning Outcome 3). 27. Summarize two federal initiatives in the development of health promotion and give one rationale for each that illustrates their importance on an international level. Correct Answer: - Lalonde Report (1974): acknowledged the limitations of the funded medical/treatment abirb.com/test system. Presented a vision for health promotion. Identified four determinants of health, with an emphasis on lifestyle and the environment. Led to a global reconceptualization of health promotion. abirb.com/test - Epp Report (1986): expanded the definition of health promotion, incorporated some of the tenets of primary health care, and emphasized social/environmental/political dimensions of health. Formed the basis for the Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion. abirb.com/test - Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion (1986): International document identifying the prerequisites for health, strategies for promoting health, and outcomes of the strategies. Acknowledges that caring for one's self and others is conducive to health. Identifies abirb.com/test caring, holism, and ecology as essential concepts in health promotion. - Population Health Template and Population Health Promotion Model (2001 and 1996): resources developed to put population health and health promotion into action. Used nationally and internationally in program planning, community development, and abirb.com/test resource allocation (page 21; Learning Outcome 1) 28. Describe the importance of three historical milestones in the development of the abirb.com/test Canadian health care system Correct Answer: 1867-1867—Constitution Act (BNA Act) assigned responsibility for hospitals to provinces. Did not explicitly assign responsibility for health policy to either federal or provincial government. 1919—national health insurance on the Liberal Party platform 1947—Saskatchewan gets Medicare under Tommy Douglas Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-10 1957—national Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (HIDS) provides financial incentives to the provinces to build hospitals through 50/50 grants if provinces meet five key principles 1962—Saskatchewan gets universal, publicly funded medical insurance 1966—federal Medicare including physicians' services; if provinces meet same principles as HIDS, feds pay 50% of costs 1971—all provinces participate 1977—Established Programs Financing Act changes federal share of health costs to a abirb.com/test per capita block grant (page 19-20; Learning Outcome 1) 29. Discuss social justice within the context of power and politics. Correct Answer: - abirb.com/test Social justice means everyone should have equal rights and opportunities, including good health - abirb.com/test Within this is the notion of fairness in the way we treat people or make decisions. This means that people should have equitable access to health resources and the social determinants of health - abirb.com/test Often times societal values dictate how people are treated and these forces, including racism and other isms determine how social determinants of health are distributed - abirb.com/test CHNs need to identify what systemic inequities exist and work to eliminate these to meet the needs of diverse communities. - CHNs need to understand politics and policy making to enhance their ability to abirb.com/test intervene effectively during strategic points in the policy-making and implementation processes (page 26; Learning Outcomes 3, 4, & 5) 30. Name three of the five principles of the Canada Health Act (1984) and give an example for each. Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 2-11 Correct Answer: - Publicly administered: Health care funds are administered by a local elected regional health authority under the direction of the provincial health department. - Portable: A person from Saskatchewan can receive insured health care in Ontario. - Accessible: Families across Alberta have access to pediatric health care in their own communities or in communities within their health region without additional user fees. - Universal: All residents of British Columbia are covered by B.C. health care. - Comprehensive: In-hospital health care, such as medically necessary surgery, is abirb.com/test covered in the province of Newfoundland (page 19; Learning Outcomes 1 & 2). abirb.com/test abirb.com/test abirb.com/test abirb.com/test abirb.com/test Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 3-1 Chapter 3: Nursing Roles, Functions, and Practice Settings Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following statements is true about the Blueprint for Action for Community Health Nursing in Canada (CHNC, 2011)? a. It incorporates the voices of government officials about public health b. It is a point of reference for ongoing dialogue about community health nursing practice abirb.com/test c. It is a landmark document about primary health care in Canada d. It provides a framework for intersectoral collaboration Correct Answer: b (page 36); Learning Outcome 1 abirb.com/test 2. Which of the following documents outlines six areas of action, one of them being supporting nursing leadership development? a. The Ottawa Charter abirb.com/test b. The Declaration of Alma Ata c. The Blueprint for Action for Community Health Nursing in Canada d. The Lalonde Report abirb.com/test Correct Answer: c (page 36); Learning Outcome 1 3. Before World War II, what percentage of nurses were working in the community? a. 25% b. 45% abirb.com/test c. 60% d. 70% abirb.com/test Correct Answer: c (page 36); Learning Outcome 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 3-2 4. What level of prevention is evident in screening school children for vision and hearing? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Quaternary prevention Correct Answer: b (page 36); Learning Outcome 3 abirb.com/test 5. What activity is an example of a community health nurse working at the individual level? a. Providing immunization in a travel clinic abirb.com/test b. Providing school health education services c. Developing a web-based community resource guide d. Engaging in consultation about healthy public policy abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a (page 38); Learning Outcome 3 6. A community health nurse has successfully lobbied the government to invest in a rehabilitation facility for people with traumatic brain injuries. What type of health abirb.com/test promotion strategy does this represent? a. Secondary prevention b. Tertiary prevention c. Primary prevention abirb.com/test d. Quaternary prevention Correct Answer: b (page 36); Learning Outcome 3 abirb.com/test Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 3-3 7. Which of the following is foundational to health equity and central to community health nursing practice? a. Health promotion b. Social determinants of health c. Social justice d. Health education Correct Answer: c (page 37); Learning Outcomes 3 & 5 abirb.com/test 8. The mission of the Community Health Nurses of Canada (CHNC) is to: a. Advance practice and to improve the health of Canadians b. Build capacity among community health nurses abirb.com/test c. Advocate for healthy public policy d. Provide services to vulnerable populations Correct Answer: a (page 37); Learning Outcome 4 abirb.com/test 9. Clinical practice, research, administration, and education are known as: a. Priorities for community health nursing b. Standards of practice for community health nursing abirb.com/test c. Blueprint for action for community health nursing d. Domains of practice for community health nursing Correct Answer: d (page 38); Learning Outcome 3 abirb.com/test 10. The purpose of _____________________ is to define the scope and depth of nursing practice in the community and establish expectations for acceptable, safe, and ethical nursing care: abirb.com/test a. Blueprint for action for community health nursing b. Domains of practice for community health nursing c. Standards of practice for community health nursing d. Priorities for community health nursing Correct Answer: c (page 38); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 3-4 11. Which two types of community health nurses are the largest groups? a. Public health nursing and home health nursing b. Home health nursing and outpost nursing c. Public health nursing and military nursing d. Home health nursing and street nursing Correct Answer: a (page 41); Learning Outcome 3 12. Which of the following statements is true of public health nurses? Select all that apply. abirb.com/test a. They use knowledge from public health, social science, & nursing b. They increase the health of the public by preventing disease abirb.com/test c. They provide chronic disease management to community members d. They work with individuals, families, communities, systems, and populations abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a, b, d (page 41); Learning Outcomes 3 & 5 13. The aim is to provide accessible, responsive, and timely care which allows people to stay in their homes with safety and dignity. This statement is abirb.com/test representative of which type of nursing? a. Outpost nursing b. Public health nursing c. Home health nursingabirb.com/test d. Street nursing Correct Answer: c (page 41); Learning Outcome 3 abirb.com/test 14. Which of the following community health nursing roles is described as episodic and chronic care across the lifespan working in collaboration with physicians and allied health team members? a. Primary care nurse b. Forensic nurse c. Home health nurse Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 3-5 d. Parish nurse Correct Answer: a (page 43); Learning Outcome 3 15. What type of community health nurse focuses on health promotion, maintenance and restoration, and injury and disease prevention in the workplace? a. Nurse entrepreneur b. Occupational health nurse c. Forensic nurse abirb.com/test d. Primary health care nurse practitioner Correct Answer: b (page 42); Learning Outcome 3 16. What type of nurse works with people who are homeless and provides care in abirb.com/test streets, parks, homeless shelters, and drop in shelters? a. Forensic nurses b. Primary health care nurses c. Parish nurses abirb.com/test d. Outreach/street nurses Correct answer: d; Learning Outcome 3 abirb.com/test 17. Which of the following statements best represents the work of outreach/street nurses? abirb.com/test a. They determine the health care needs of clients over the phone b. They use harm reduction strategies specific to vulnerable population groups c. They work within the community often in remote and rural areas abirb.com/test d. They work closely with the health care team to monitor and manage diseases with clients Correct Answer: b (page 45); Learning Outcomes 3 & 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 3-6 18. What is the primary focus of a forensic nurse’s work? a. Works with clients who have survived crimes b. Consulting for ethics review boards c. Working at a summer camp for troubled youth d. Providing health care services within psychiatric institutions Correct Answer: a (page 47); Learning Outcome 3 19. What action is required if a community health nurse wants to become a primary abirb.com/test health care nurse practitioner (PHCNP) a. Gather additional skills to be able to assist physicians b. Take additional nursing education with a focus on advanced clinical nursing practice abirb.com/test c. Write the national nurse practitioner examination d. Work in the United States as this position is not available in Canada abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 49); Learning Outcomes 4 & 5 20. What is an example of a health promotion activity that a public health nurse would provide? abirb.com/test a. Giving stress reduction seminars to employees at a large corporation b. Symptom management support for a family in a palliative care situation c. Monitoring home oxygen therapy for a client awaiting a lung transplant abirb.com/test d. Providing meningitis prophylaxis to high school students in an outbreak situation Correct Answer: d (page 42); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 3-7 21. Which of the following statements pertains to Parish Nursing? a. Parish nursing began in Europe and moved to the united states in the mid- 1890s b. Parish nursing integrates faith and health into nursing practice c. Parish nursing arrived in Canada in the early 1900s d. Parish nursing is not expected to facilitate spiritual care Correct Answer: b (page47); Learning Outcome 3 abirb.com/test 22. The first recorded instance of military nursing in Canada was: a. At the Northwest Rebellion in 1885 with the Metis uprising against the Canadian government abirb.com/test b. During World War I within the Royal Canadian Army c. During World War II within the navy, army, and air force d. The South African War in 1900 abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a (page 48); Learning Outcome 3 23. Which term best describes the following statement: Everyone, regardless of socially determined circumstances, has an equal opportunity to attain their full abirb.com/test health potential without being disadvantaged a. Community justice b. Social action c. Political advocacy abirb.com/test d. Health equity Correct Answer: d (page 50); Learning Outcomes 4 & 5 abirb.com/test Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 3-8 24. Which of the following is part of the standards of practice for community health nurses? a. Engaging in capacity building of communities b. Participating in political advocacy c. Working towards community justice d. Initiating social action activities Correct Answer: a (page 38); Learning Outcome 2 abirb.com/test 25. What type of community health nurse focuses on primary care, chronic disease prevention and management, substance abuse prevention and management, personal practices and coping skills, low income supports, and access to housing abirb.com/test in remote and isolated communities? a. Occupational health nurse b. Rural/outpost nurse c. Telehealth nurse d. Parish nurse abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 46); Learning Outcomes 3, 4, & 5 abirb.com/test Short Answer Questions abirb.com/test 26. Contrast three of the practice settings of community health nurses in terms of role focus and unique characteristics of nursing practice. Give an example for each practice setting of where the community health nurse might work. Correct Answer: abirb.com/test Public Health Nurse: Role focus-mandated by legislation to promote and protect the health of populations. Focus is on health enhancement, health protection, and disease prevention Unique characteristics-primarily works with a healthy population, minimal contact with unwell people, may have entire community as client Work setting-public health unit Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 3-9 Home Health Nurse: Role focus-client as individual or family; provides direct clinical care and case management Unique characteristics-works alone, practises highly autonomously and independently, adaptable to client-controlled environment Work setting-client home or school Parish Nurse: abirb.com/test Role focus-client as individual or group; focuses on education, counseling, and referrals abirb.com/test Unique characteristics-integrates faith-based approach to care. U.S.-based credential available Work setting-a United Church abirb.com/test Occupational Health Nurse: Role focus-client as individual or group; provides direct care, including primary, abirb.com/test secondary, and tertiary preventive services Unique characteristics-addresses health, safety, and well-being for employees. May earn specialty credential from CNA COHN(C) abirb.com/test Work setting-a meat-packing plant (pages 42 – 44; Learning Outcomes 3, 4, & 5) 27. Discuss the role of two professional nursing associations as they relate to community health nurses abirb.com/test Correct Answer: - Community Health Nursing Association of Canada (CHNAC) developed the Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice (2003). - Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) is a national voluntary association that exists to link nurses who work in the same practice area. Will work with CHNAC to create a Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 3-10 national certification for CHNs. All provincial associations except Quebec belong to the CNA. - Provincial regulatory body and professional associations regulate the profession of nursing in each province. Protect the public through maintaining a nursing registry. Professionally advocate for nurses and the public to have a strong publicly funded universal health care system. Promote excellence in nursing practice (page 37; Learning Outcomes 3 & 4). 28. List the eight Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice Correct Answer: abirb.com/test - Health promotion - - abirb.com/test Prevention and health protection Health maintenance, restoration, and palliation - Professional relationships - - Capacity building Health equity abirb.com/test - Evidence informed practice - Professional responsibility and accountability (page 38; Learning Outcome 2) abirb.com/test 29. Draw the Canadian Community Health Nursing Professional Practice Model Correct Answer: see figure 3.1 (page 37; Learning Outcome 2) abirb.com/test 30. Several factors, both enablers and barriers, are influencing community health abirb.com/test nursing education. List 2 enablers and 2 barriers. Correct Answer: - Enablers: strong community-academic partnerships, supportive curriculum structures and processes. - Barriers: devaluing community health nursing education, insufficient time in theory classes and clinical placements (page 52 Learning Outcomes 3, 4, & 5). Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 6-1 Chapter 6: Advocacy, Ethical, and Legal Considerations Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which statement provides the best definition of ethics? a. Universally held theory on how the world evolved b. A set of rules that apply only to health care professionals in the practice setting c. Values, norms, moral principles, virtues, and traditions that guide human conduct abirb.com/test d. A specialized area of philosophy Correct Answer: c (page 88); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 abirb.com/test 2. Jack, 14 years old, presents at the community health nurses office requesting an initial immunization series. His parents have never immunized him because they do not believe in immunization. Jack’s parents did not sign the immunization abirb.com/test consent form sent home from school. What does this situation present for the nurse? a. Something that never happens in Canada abirb.com/test b. An issue for feminist decision-making c. An ethical dilemma d. A course of action that is easily decided and recognized abirb.com/test Correct Answer: c (page 91); Learning Outcome 3 3. What is an example of social control? a. Smoking cessation program abirb.com/test b. Influenza immunization clinics c. Request to stay at home when ill with the flu d. Seatbelt law Correct Answer: d (page 91); Learning Outcome 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 6-2 4. Which of the following criteria must be demonstrated in order to pursue medical assistance in dying? Select all that apply. a. Must be 18 years or older b. Has voluntarily made the request c. Has provided informed consent d. Has a grievous and irremediable medical condition Correct answer: a, b, c, d (page 95); Learning Outcome 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 5. What does the concept of social justice assume? a. There is a limit to collective action b. All societies experience broad, systematic oppression and inequities abirb.com/test c. The individual is valued over the collective d. It is better to benefit the few than the disadvantaged many Correct Answer: b (page 89); Learning Outcome 2 abirb.com/test 6. Which situation has undergone medicalization? a. Menopause b. Breast cancer c. Hyperactivity abirb.com/test d. Hyperthyroidism Correct Answer: c (page 91); Learning Outcome 2 abirb.com/test 7. What statement is congruent with capacity building? a. Equitable sharing of rights, roles, and responsibilities among institutions and individuals abirb.com/test b. Just or fair treatment of all individuals, including equitable access to meet health needs c. Democracy and civil rights defining a social state in which all have equal rights d. Helping individuals and communities to identify relevant health issues and to assess their strengths and resources Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 6-3 Correct Answer: d (page 96); Learning Outcome 5 8. What term describes the way that nurses approach their practice and reflect on their ethical commitment to their clients and colleagues? a. Committed ethics b. Situational autonomy c. Empowering a community d. Everyday ethics abirb.com/test Correct answer: d (page 91); Learning Outcome 2 & 6 9. What nursing action best demonstrates professional responsibility and accountability? abirb.com/test a. Respecting a client’s wishes not to inform her boyfriend that she has gonorrhea b. Keeping a confidential client’s repeated statements that she wants to kill her husband abirb.com/test c. Adhering to institutional policies d. Protecting the identity of a child who reveals that she has been abused abirb.com/test Correct answer: c (page 97-98); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 10. Which Canadian Community Health Nursing Standard of Practice is being used when advocating for social justice? abirb.com/test a. Facilitating access and equity b. Practice setting safety c. Empowering communities abirb.com/test d. Maintaining professional boundaries Correct answer: a (page 97); Learning Outcome 3 11. Which statement reflects the World Health Organization’s (2013) definition of empowerment? a. A professional process in which communities are allowed to become self- directed Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 6-4 b. A static process that provides people with power c. A nurse-driven process whereby people are given what they need d. A stance that is in line with the moral goals of public health with a strong social justice orientation Correct answer: d (page 96); Learning Outcome 1, 2, & 6 12. Who should develop an advanced directive? a. A physician working in the palliative care setting abirb.com/test b. A person who is terminally ill and needs one to clearly spell out how his or her estate will be divided c. An individual who wants to stipulate what medical treatments he or she will accept or reject abirb.com/test d. A nurse working with a client who is incapable of making choices Correct answer: c (page 93); Learning Outcome 4 abirb.com/test 13. When building a professional relationship with a client, what must a nurse recognize? a. The nurse’s attitudes, beliefs, and values regarding health abirb.com/test b. The client’s attitudes, beliefs, and values regarding health c. Using the power in the relationship to meet personal needs d. Maintaining a distant and clinical boundary abirb.com/test Correct answer: b (page 95); Learning Outcome 3 14. What must be considered when nurses assist clients to make informed choices? a. The benefits of the intervention but not the risks abirb.com/test b. Legally binding paperwork c. The exchange of information and respect for the individual’s autonomy d. The benefits of the risks, negligence, and autonomy Correct answer: c (page 93); Learning Outcome 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 6-5 15. Which of the following statements are true of public health ethics? Select all that apply. a. Public health ethics focus on the health of populations as opposed to individuals b. Public health ethics place an emphasis on advocacy activities that involve collective interventions c. Public health ethics are sensitive to health inequities experienced by marginalized groups abirb.com/test d. Public health ethics focus on individual agency and responsibility Correct Answer: a, b, c (page 96); Learning Outcomes 1, 2, & 6 abirb.com/test 16. Anne-Marie, a recent nursing graduate, is really enjoying developing relationships with her clients. Anne-Marie tells her mentor that she works hard to abirb.com/test meet the needs of her clients and has been using the strategy of meeting one client for coffee in the afternoons. How should the mentor respond to Anne- Marie? abirb.com/test a. “Tell me more about how this strategy is helping to meet your needs?” b. “It sounds like the nurse-client relationship has crossed the professional boundary.” c. “I use a more distant and clinical approach with my client relationships.” abirb.com/test d. “This is a great nursing strategy that you should share with the rest of the nurses.” abirb.com/test Correct answer: b (page 95); Learning Outcome 3 17. Why is it important for community health nurse to be aware of social justice and everyday ethical and legal concerns? a. Because it will assist nurses in gaining the capacity to reflect critically on the multiplicity of ethical and legal dimensions inherent in community health nursing Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 6-6 b. Because they can assist their clients in preparing for legal cases for medical malpractice c. Because ultimately nursing will be intertwined with the legal system d. Because it will assist nurses in building resistance to reflect critically on the multiplicity of ethical and legal dimensions inherent in community health nursing Correct answer: a (page 89); Learning Outcomes 2, 4, & 5 abirb.com/test 18. Which of the following statements about social justice is true? a. Social justice strives to apply justice to medical groups b. Social justice is the foundational moral justification for public health as a social institution abirb.com/test c. Social justice work does not require consideration of the socio- environmental context d. Social justice work involves the perspectives of only medicine and nursing abirb.com/test Correct answer: b (page 90); Learning Outcome 2 19. Given the current emphasis on obesity in Canadian society, a large body size in abirb.com/test women has come to symbolize self-indulgence and moral failure, which in turn may lead women to question their sense of self and right to good healthcare. This is an example of an ethical implication of which community health nurse standard of practice? abirb.com/test a. Health maintenance, restoration, and palliation b. Capacity building c. Professional responsibility and accountability abirb.com/test d. Prevention and health protection Correct answer: d (page 91); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 20. Which of the following are part of the five justifications for public health programs and policies? Select all that apply. a. Overall benefit Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 6-7 b. The harm principle c. Fairness in the distribution of burdens d. Paternalism Correct answer: a, b, c, d (page 92); Learning Outcome 2 21. What term best describes the most common ethical orientation in public health nursing practice that embraces the World Health Organization’s perspective on empowerment? a. Advocacy abirb.com/test b. Capacity building c. Transparency d. Reciprocity abirb.com/test Correct answer: a (page 96); Learning Outcomes 1, 2, 5, & 6 22. Which of the following options below correctly describes the cycle of oppression? abirb.com/test a. Stereotype, oppression, biased information, prejudice, discrimination b. Oppression, stereotype, biased information, prejudice, discrimination abirb.com/test c. Prejudice, biased information, oppression, discrimination, stereotype d. Biased information, stereotype, prejudice, discrimination, oppression Correct answer: d (page 97); Learning Outcomes 2 & 6 abirb.com/test 23. Which community health nursing standard of practice is demonstrated when a nurse adheres to regulatory standards, federal and provincial or territorial professional standards, laws, codes of ethics, and institutional policies? a. Capacity building abirb.com/test b. Professional responsibility and accountability c. Professional relationships d. Health maintenance, restoration, and palliation Correct answer: b (page 97-98); Learning Outcome 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 6-8 24. There are four key elements that must be proved to make a finding of negligence. Which of the following is one of the four elements? a. That the standard of care was breached b. That the nurse took money from that client c. That the nurse and the client did not have a professional relationship d. That there was no harm caused Correct answer: a (page 98); Learning Outcome 4 abirb.com/test 25. Which of the following is part of the ten defining attributes of social justice? a. Equality b. Disabling environments c. Empowerment d. Ethical practice abirb.com/test Correct answer: d (page 90); Learning Outcome 1 & 2 abirb.com/test Short Answer Questions 26. What is Medical Assistance in Dying? abirb.com/test Correct answer: - When a medical practitioner or nurse practitioner administers a substance, at a - abirb.com/test patient’s request, that causes his or her death When a patient requests a prescription of a substance that they may self- administer to cause their death (page 95; Learning Outcome 4 & 6) abirb.com/test 27. Discuss the ethical implications of professional relationships when nurses practise in the community Correct Answer: - CHNs must recognize their own attitudes, beliefs, and values regarding health as well as those of their clients Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 6-9 - CHNs must maintain professional boundaries while involving and trusting clients as full partners in the caring relationship - Crossing a boundary means that the care provider is misusing the power in the relationship to meet his/her own personal needs, rather than the needs of the client, or behaving in an unprofessional manner with the client (page 95; Learning Outcome 2) 28. Discuss the potential moral harm that community health nurses need to be aware abirb.com/test of when planning activities as part of a health promotion program. Correct answer: - influencing individuals to conform to social norms abirb.com/test - becoming unwitting agents of social control - becoming unwitting agents of medicalization - creating adversarial relationships between groups of clients-those who activity abirb.com/test enhance their health and those who do not - viewing clients who do not enhance their health as morally weak and inferior - compromising respect for the inherent worth of clients regardless of behaviour and abirb.com/test situation (page 91; Learning Outcome 2 & 6) 29. List the four key elements that must be proven to make a finding of negligence. abirb.com/test Correct answer: - That there was a relationship between the person bringing the claim and the person being sued abirb.com/test - That the defendant breached standard of care - That the plaintiff suffered harm - That the harm suffered was caused by the defendant’s breach of the standard of care (page 98; Learning Outcome 4) Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 6-10 30. Discuss the harm principle as it pertains to a justification for a public health program or policy. Correct answer: - Harm principle: the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over nay member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others (page 92; Learning Outcome 4 & 6) abirb.com/test abirb.com/test abirb.com/test abirb.com/test abirb.com/test abirb.com/test Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 7-1 Chapter 7: Theoretical Foundations of Community Health Nursing Multiple Choice Questions 1. What term is used to describe an organized, coherent, and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to significant questions in a discipline? a. A framework b. A model c. A theory d. A philosophy abirb.com/test Correct Answer: c (page 103); Learning Outcome 1 2. Carper (1978) identified four fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Which abirb.com/test of the following is a correct representation of Carper’s patterns of knowing? a. Aesthetic knowing, personal knowing, ethical knowing, and empirical knowing abirb.com/test b. Scientific knowing, interpersonal knowing, ethical knowing, and empirical knowing c. Empirical knowing, moral knowing, legal knowing, and interpersonal knowing abirb.com/test d. Scientific knowing, surface knowing, legal knowing, and ethical knowing Correct Answer: a (page 104); Learning Outcome 3 abirb.com/test 3. What term is used to describe the capacity of a community health nurse to recognize social and political problems of injustice or inequity, to realize that things could be different, and to piece together complex elements of experience abirb.com/test and context to change a situation? a. Empirical knowing b. Aesthetic knowing c. Emancipatory knowing d. Ethical knowing Correct Answer: c (page 104); Learning Outcomes 1 & 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 7-2 4. Sunil, a community health nurse, has brought a team of community stakeholders together. On a white board, Sunil identifies various issues in the community. They discuss and organize the issues according to the determinants of health. The team identifies potential community-level interventions for the issues. By engaging in this process, the team of stakeholders is developing a: a. A theory b. A conceptual framework c. A philosophy d. A metaparadigm abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 104); Learning Outcomes 1 & 4 abirb.com/test 5. Over the past three decades, many nurses have expressed a concern about the lack of theory development in community health nursing. Why is this such a significant concern? a. Because nursing theories were originally developed to focus on population health abirb.com/test b. Because it is difficult to adapt theories that were developed to focus on individual illness to the community settings where health promotion is the focus abirb.com/test c. Because nursing theories often depict community problems as isolated events rather than as representative of a pattern of illnesses seen at the family level abirb.com/test d. Because primary care nursing needs to focus more on social justice, health equity, and advocacy abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 107); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 7-3 6. What type of knowledge represents the most abstract level of knowledge, identifies the phenomenon of central concern to a discipline, and describes concepts and the relationships among them? a. Conceptual frameworks b. Grand theories c. Metaparadigms d. Philosophies abirb.com/test Correct Answer: c (page 109); Learning Outcome 4 7. An important philosophical value in community health nursing is to promote the common good. This means that: abirb.com/test a. Decisions are made based on shared human interests b. Interests of the individual needs to be a priority c. The few people who have specialized knowledge should make decisions for all abirb.com/test d. The person who is most at risk needs to be in control Correct Answer: a (page 111); Learning Outcomes 1, 2, & 5 abirb.com/test 8. Which of the following theories pushes community health nurses to consider the web-like influences at play in any situation and the interrelationships among multiple agents in the system? abirb.com/test a. Critical social theory b. Feminist theory c. Complexity science theory abirb.com/test d. Intersectionality theory Correct Answer: c (page 114); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 7-4 9. Sameera, a community health nurse, is working in a low-income neighbourhood. In order to assess the health status of the neighbourhood, she gathers information about the interplay among the community and the social, institutional, and cultural context of people-environment relations. What theory is Sameera using to guide her community health nursing practice? a. Community as partner theory b. Multiple interventions theory abirb.com/test c. Community assessment theory d. Social ecological theory Correct Answer: d (page 113); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 10. Emily is a community health nurse that needs to address the underlying power differentials and social inequities at a meat packing plant that hires a large portion of immigrant people. Which type of theory should Emily consider using to guide her practice? abirb.com/test a. Critical social theory b. Integrative theory abirb.com/test c. Immigrant health promotion theory d. Intersectionality theory Correct Answer: a (page 113); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 11. George is working with the Bearskin Lake First Nation in Northern Ontario. He considers the historical influences have shaped the present context of the health of the community. What theoretical perspective is guiding George’s community health nursing practice? abirb.com/test a. Reservist theory b. Postcolonial theory c. Feminist theory d. Historical theory Correct Answer: b (page 113); Learning Outcomes 3, 4, & 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 7-5 12. Scott is a community health nurse working with the homeless population. He uses a model that has two dimensions: (1) the client system and (2) the focus of care. Scott realizes that working with this population will entail health promotion, the prevention of illness, disease, and injury as well as illness care. Which model will best serve Scott in his nursing practice? a. The community health prevention model b. The intervention circle c. The integrative model for community health nursing abirb.com/test d. The family assessment model Correct Answer: c (page 120); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 13. Takeshi is a community health nurse who is working with children who sustained playground injuries and their families. In order to build rapport with the families in the community, Takeshi is authentically present and works together with the families to seek creative solutions to prevent further injuries. Takeshi shows her abirb.com/test clients respect, compassion, and dignity. What adjective best describes Takeshi’s community health nursing practice? a. Trusting b. Understanding abirb.com/test c. Sympathy d. Caring abirb.com/test Correct Answer: d (page 122); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 14. Orem’s (1985) Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory is best used in which type of abirb.com/test community health nursing practice? a. Working with families b. Working with war veterans c. Working with homeless teens d. Working with politicians Correct Answer: a (page 124); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 7-6 15. Kenya is a community health nurse working with homeless teenagers in an inner-city community. As part of her nursing practice, Kenya helps her clients to identify the positive things in their lives, the things that are working well, and uses clients’ strengths to help them deal with problems. Which middle range theory is Kenya using? a. Critical caring theory b. Critical social theory c. Intersectionality theory abirb.com/test d. Strengths based theory Correct Answer: d (page 125); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 16. When community health nurses work with vulnerable families living in poverty, it is especially important to develop a trusting and respectful relationship with them. It is important to understand how personal, interpersonal, and contextual elements shape people’s experiences. What middle range theory listed below is abirb.com/test best suited for such situations? a. Critical caring theory b. Relational inquiry abirb.com/test c. Strengths based theory d. Theory of human becoming Correct Answer: b (page 125); Learning Outcomes 2, 3, 4, & 5 abirb.com/test 17. Which type of theories are the least complex, contain fewer concepts, and refer to specific, well-defined phenomena? abirb.com/test a. Substantive theories b. Grand theories c. Middle range theories d. Broad theories Correct Answer: a (page 126); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 7-7 18. Susan is a public health nurse who engages in home visits with new mothers who are at risk of poor parenting practices. Susan works with her clients to build trusting relationships. To increase the effectiveness of home visiting and to establish a connected relationship, which theory guides Susan to understand mothers’ perspectives as they build trust together? a. Relational inquiry theory of working with young families b. Critical caring theory to working with unsusceptible families c. Theory of maternal engagement with public health nurses and family visitors abirb.com/test d. Self-care deficit theory of nursing to identify health needs Correct Answer: c (page 126); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 19. Stephanie is using the supportive care model for end of life care of a client in home care. Which Canadian Community Health Nursing Standard of Practice does this model align with? a. Health promotion abirb.com/test b. Health maintenance, restoration, and palliation c. Prevention and health protection abirb.com/test d. Professional accountability Correct Answer: b (page 126); Learning Outcomes 4 & 5 abirb.com/test 20. Community health nurses use theories to inform their practice. Which of the following statements is true about the use of theories: a. Community health nurses must use only community health nursing theories abirb.com/test b. Community health nurses only use nursing theories c. Community health nurses often use theories from other disciplines d. Community health nurses only use theories from medical science Correct Answer: c (page 125); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 7-8 21. Which of the following theories uses a process through which an innovation spreads via certain communication channels over time among members of a social system? a. Relational inquiry b. Theory of human becoming c. Strengths based theory d. Theory of diffusion of innovation Correct Answer: d (page 128); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 22. In his community health nursing practice, Jesse facilitates the establishment of a “good food box” system in an impoverished neighbourhood. In this system, abirb.com/test families are charged a small fee and receive seasonal fruits and vegetables once a week. Families normally hear about this via work of mouth and are invited to participate. What theory does Jesse use to guide his practice? a. Intervention wheel abirb.com/test b. Theory of diffusion of innovation c. Health promotion d. Supportive care theory abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 128); Learning Outcomes 2, 3 & 4 23. Maria is a community health nurse working in a culturally diverse abirb.com/test neighbourhood. She engages community members to learn and understand more about local belief systems. She hopes to use this new knowledge to help her community build capacity and decrease inequities in health status. Which abirb.com/test middle range theory would best serve Maria? a. Strengths based theory b. Relational inquiry c. Theory of human becoming d. Critical caring theory Correct Answer: d (page 124); Learning Outcomes 2, 3, 4, & 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 7-9 24. Why is Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory applicable to community health nursing practice? a. Because the underlying self-care philosophy has been embraced by community health nursing b. Because in the end we all need to take care of ourselves c. Because all nursing theories are applicable to specialty practice areas d. Because it is important to know about acute care nursing issues Correct Answer: a (page 124); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 25. Jasdeep is a community health nurse working with a group of young mothers who are feeding their children a diet high in carbohydrates. Jasdeep identifies an abirb.com/test opportunity for health promotion teaching. Which community health nursing conceptual model would help guide Jasdeep’s nursing practice? a. Intervention wheel b. Roy’s adaptation model abirb.com/test c. Health promotion model d. Relational inquiry abirb.com/test Correct Answer: c (page 117); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 Short Answer Questions abirb.com/test 26. Compare and contrast three broad theoretical perspectives relevant to community health nursing. abirb.com/test Correct Answer: See Table 7.2 on page 113; Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 27. Discuss the importance of the Intervention Wheel Correct Answer: - It is an evidence-based and validated public health nursing conceptual model Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 7-10 - It demonstrates how public health nursing improves population health through interventions with individuals, families, and communities - It identifies 17 core public health nursing interventions that are common to the work of public health nurses - It is population based; all work is carried out in the service of improving population health - It is transferable to other areas of community health nursing practice (pages 119); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 28. Describe the Canadian Community as Partner Model Correct Answer: - abirb.com/test The model assists users in moving iteratively through the phases of assessment, analysis, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation - Assessment is guided by the assessment wheel that has 8 subsystems - abirb.com/test The subsystems are consistent with the broad determinants of health - The interventions can be aligned with the three levels of prevention (pages 119); Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 29. Compare and contrast two grand nursing theories Correct Answer: See Table 7.4 on page 123; Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test 30. Discuss the similarities and differences of three substantive theories. Correct Answer: See Table 7.6 on page 126; Learning Outcomes 3 & 4 abirb.com/test Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 10-1 Chapter 10: Research Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which is the best description of evidence-informed nursing practice? a. Incorporation of research findings into policies and procedures that directly affect patient care at the bedside b. Intuitive nursing practice based on evidence gained through extensive clinical practice c. Conscientious and judicious use of best evidence in making decisions about abirb.com/test the care of individuals patients d. Integration of clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence abirb.com/test Correct Answer: c (page 185); Learning Outcome 1 2. A nurse is attempting to conduct a search of the literature related to the use of abirb.com/test condoms by men who have sex with men. What activity will allow the nurse to conduct the most efficient search? a. Generating a list of search terms abirb.com/test b. Accessing a health sciences librarian c. Reading abstracts at the university library d. Looking at articles already found on the subject abirb.com/test Correct Answer: b (page 186); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 3. What is the Cochrane Library? a. A collection of websites and journals of pre-appraised research including abirb.com/test Evidence-Based Nursing and Evidence-Based Medicine b. A searchable online database of abstracts and websites related to evidence- based practice based in Australia c. An online site for high quality systematic reviews relevant to public health in Canada Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 10-2 d. A collection of reports and protocols from systematic reviews produced by an international collaboration, as well as summaries of reviews and abstracts of randomized controlled trails Correct Answer: d (page 187); Learning Outcomes 1 & 2 4. A group of nurses have questions about the effectiveness of assessing post- surgical clients over the telephone versus assessing post-surgical clients at home. What type of research article would be most useful for the nurses to review? a. Qualitative ethnography abirb.com/test b. Cohort studies c. Randomized controlled trails abirb.com/test d. Participatory action research Correct Answer: c (page 188); Learning Outcomes 1, 2, & 3 5. Which statement most accurately describes a randomized controlled study design? abirb.com/test a. The researcher examines the individual histories of a group of people manifesting a particular disease to find out what common factors they share abirb.com/test and what differences can be discerned b. Questions and interventions that evolve through partnerships between researchers and participants abirb.com/test c. This is the best design for answering questions about the effectiveness or harms of a certain intervention d. Questions exploring perceptions, feeling, and experiences are best answered by this study design abirb.com/test Correct Answer: c (page 188); Learning Outcomes 1, 2, & 3 6. A nurse reads in a journal article, "Participants were randomized into an intervention group. The intervention group was to receive an epidural in labour. All the birth outcomes of the intervention group were analyzed in that group, Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. Test Item File for Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective, Fifth Edition 10-3 regardless of whether the participants received an epidural or not." What concept is illustrated in this statement? a. A double blinded study b. Researcher bias c. Intention-to-treat analysis d. Allocation concealment Correct Answer: c (page 190); Learning Outcomes 1 & 4 7. What is relative risk? abirb.com/test a. Proportion of the participants experiencing an outcome in the intervention group divided by the proportion experiencing the outcome in the control group abirb.com/test b. Proportional reduction in the rates of poor outcomes between the experimental and control participants c. Range of values with a specified probability of including the true effect, which can never be known absolutely abirb.com/test d. Number of study participants who would have died anyway without the intervention abirb.com/test Correct Answer: a (page 191); Learning Outcomes 1 & 4 8. A student nurse has been asked to write a clinical question that includes the elements of a structured question. Which one of the following questions meets these criteria? abirb.com/test a. What is the evidence for school-based activity programs? b. What are the health-promoting behaviours of well seniors? abirb.com/test c. For new mothers, can e-health technology be used to achieve a healthy weight in the postpartum period? d. Does a structured breastfeeding support program affect duration, exclusivity, or gastrointestinal infections in the infants? Correct Answer: c (page 1