3rd Year Community PDF

3rd Year Community Community 3rd Year By: Dr. Doha Elshamy 1 Dr. Doha Elshamy  3rd Year Community Definition of health Health: As officially defined by the World Health Organization, a state...

3rd Year Community Community 3rd Year By: Dr. Doha Elshamy 1 Dr. Doha Elshamy  3rd Year Community Definition of health Health: As officially defined by the World Health Organization, a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity The concept of health as a balance between a person and the environment, the unity of soul and body, and the natural origin of disease, was the backbone of the perception of health in ancient Greece. Physical dimension of health, defined health as “harmonious functioning of the organs” body and the overall functionality, accompanied by the feeling of comfort and absence of pain Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Social health is commonly defined as your ability to form meaningful relationships with other people and interact in healthy, positive ways. The way you connect to the people around you, adapt to different social situations, and experience a sense of belonging all contribute to your social health SPECTRUM OF HEALTH Health & disease lie along a continuum, & there is no single cut off point. The spectrum concept of health emphasizes that the health of an individual is not static; is a dynamic phenomenon & a process of continuous change, subject to frequent subtle variations. The lowest point on the health spectrum is death & the highest point corresponds to the WHO definition of ideal health. 2 Dr. Doha Elshamy 3rd Year Community Determinants of Health Factors Affect Occurrence of Diseases: Agent Environment Host 3 Dr. Doha Elshamy 3rd Year Community Causative Agent 4 Dr. Doha Elshamy 3rd Year Community ’ Risk factors are things in your life that increase your chances of getting a certain disease. Some risk factors are beyond your control. You may be born with them or exposed to them through no fault of your own. Some risk factors that you have little or no control over include your: Family history of a disease Age Sex/gender — male or female Place of birth and living Some risk factors you can control include: What you eat How much physical activity you get Whether you use tobacco How much alcohol you drink Whether you misuse drugs 5 Dr. Doha Elshamy 3rd Year Community Public health Public health is “What we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy” Vision: Healthy People in Healthy Communities Mission: ❑ Promote Physical and Mental Health ❑ Prevent Disease, Injury, and Disability ❑ Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities. ❑ This work is achieved by promoting healthy lifestyles, researching disease and injury prevention, and detecting, preventing and responding to infectious diseases. Essential Public Health Functions: Protection of Environment Health Education Health Legislations and health Regulations Prevention and Control of communicable Diseases Care for special groups Assessment of health needs, plans and support the provision of health care services 6 Dr. Doha Elshamy 3rd Year Community Assess and monitor population health status, factors that influence health, and community needs and assets Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the population Communicate effectively to inform and educate people about health, factors that influence it, and how to improve it Strengthen, support, and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve health Create, champion, and implement policies, plans, and laws that impact health Utilize legal and regulatory actions designed to improve and protect the public’s health Assure an effective system that enables equitable access to the individual services and care needed to be healthy Build and support a diverse and skilled public health workforce Improve and innovate public health functions through ongoing evaluation, research, and continuous quality improvement Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health What does medicine do? Saves lives one at a time What does public health do? Saves lives millions at a time 7 Dr. Doha Elshamy 3rd Year Community Preventive Medicine The goal of preventive medicine is to promote health and well-being and prevent disease, disability and death. They apply their knowledge and skills in medicine, social, economic, and behavioral sciences to improve the health and quality of life of individuals, families, communities and populations through disease prevention and health promotion. 2) Primary Prevention “Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur.” In this Action are taken before the onset of disease. It signifies intervention in the pre- pathogenesis phase of a disease or health problem. 8 Dr. Doha Elshamy 3rd Year Community It includes the concept of "positive health", a concept that encourages achievement and maintenance of "an acceptable level of health that will enable every individual to lead a socially and economically productive life". Primary Prevention Non Specific Specific Non-Specific Prevention Health education to improve healthy habits. Healthful physical environment (Housing, water supply, excreta disposal etc.,) Improvement in nutritional standards of the community. Healthy Lifestyle Health Legislation Community development and Social care 9 Dr. Doha Elshamy 3rd Year Community Specific Prevention Immunization Use of specific nutrients Chemoprophylaxis Protection against occupational hazards Protection against accidents Control of General Environment Avoidance of allergens Secondary Prevention Early detection : An intervention that identifies and stops a disease early on in the disease process before the patient even realizes anything is wrong (before any clinical signs arise) Prompt appropriate treatment to achieve cure and prevent complications Tertiary Prevention Tertiary Prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions direct at preventing complications and deteriorations. Tertiary Prevention strategies are both therapeutic and rehabilitative measures once disease is firmly established. 10 Dr. Doha Elshamy 3rd Year Community Comprehensive Health Care Providing the full range of personal health services for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation of patients. The practice of continuing comprehensive care is the concurrent prevention and management of multiple physical and emotional health problems of a patient over a period of time in relationship to family, life events and environment. 11 Dr. Doha Elshamy