UNSAFE ACTS & UNHEALTHY CONDITIONS PDF

UNSAFE ACTS AND UNHEALTHY CONDITIONS Identify the Unsafe Act and Unhealthy Condition  OBJECTIVES Discuss the basic causes of workplace accidents Define and differentiate accidents, unsafe/unhealthy acts and conditions Explain the relationship between unsafe /un...

UNSAFE ACTS AND UNHEALTHY CONDITIONS Identify the Unsafe Act and Unhealthy Condition  OBJECTIVES Discuss the basic causes of workplace accidents Define and differentiate accidents, unsafe/unhealthy acts and conditions Explain the relationship between unsafe /unhealthy acts and and unsafe/unhealthy conditions Identify and enumerate different situations and practices that constitute unsafe/unhealthy acts and conditions Enumerate ways to promote safety consciousness. What are unsafe/unhealthy acts and conditions? Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions are behaviors and environmental factors that can cause accidents and injuries in the workplace.  Accidents An event that is unexpected or unforeseen, unplanned and unwanted, that causes damage of loss of materials or properties, injury or death. Hazard A dangerous condition, substance, or activity that could cause injury, illness, property damage, or environmental damage. Risk The probability of a hazard causing harm. Risk results from the interaction between a hazard and a vulnerable system or asset. Common types of accidents: Fall from height and fall from the same level (slips and trips) (38.9%) Struck against rigid structures, sharp or rough objects Struck by falling objects (10.3%) Caught in, on, or in between objects (2.6%) Electrocution (8.9%) Fire Corollary to accidents are costs that companies have to bear whether directly or indirectly. The cost of accidents can be best explained by the Iceberg Theory. Once an accident happens, money has to be spent on medical expenses of the injured worker/workers, insurance premiums, and, in some cases, penalty and litigation expenses. Companies also spend huge amounts to replace damaged equipment and wasted raw materials. These are what we consider as the direct costs of accidents. But these are just the tip of the iceberg. The larger and more dangerous part of the iceberg however is the part that lies beneath the water. This represents the Indirect costs of an accident which have a more damaging impact to the worker, their families, the company and the community in general. Accident causation After knowing what accidents are and the costs that will be incurred when these happen, we will now look at the primary. causes of accidents. Understanding this topic will help you identify appropriate measures to prevent accidents from happening. Are these phrases familiar to you? "Oras na niya" "Malas niya lang" "Tanga kasi" "Kasama sa trabaho" People usually utter the abovementioned phrases or statements when someone gets injured or dies in an accident. However, these are not the real causes of accidents but mere excuses of people who do not understand the concepts of occupational safety and health. Accidents are primarily caused by unsafe and unhealthy acts and conditions. Unsafe/Unhealthy Act: A human action that departs from a standard or written job procedure or common practice, safety rules, regulations, or instructions. These often happen when a worker has improper attitudes, physical limitations, or lacks knowledge or skills. Examples of Unsafe Acts: Operating equipment without authority Removing safety devices Using Defective equipment. Improper/Non-use of PPE Horse playing Working while under the influence of alcohol or drugs  FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO UNSAFE ACTS Improper Attitude Physical Limitations Lack of knowledge or skills Operating equipment Defective eyesight Failure to understand without authority Muscular weakness instructions Disregard of SOP due to fatigue Unaware of safe Removing safety Impaired hearing practices devices Short in height Safe practices are not Using defective Too tall in height understood equipment Slow reaction Unskilled or Not using PPE issued Unpracticed for the job Horseplaying Willful intent to injure UNSAFE/UNHEALTHY CONDITION: The physical or chemical property of a material, machine, or environment that may result in injury to a person, damage or destruction to property, and other losses that could have been guarded or prevented. Examples of Unsafe Conditions: Inadequate guards/protection Defective tools, equipment Congested/blocked exits Inadequate warning systems Slippery floors Hazardous atmospheric condition Excessive noise Extreme temperature Inadequate illumination/ventilation.  SUMMARY: Every workplace has different hazards, risks, and levels of exposure. Accidents and injuries result in losses of lives, limbs, time, and property. Most accidents at work could have been prevented. Immediate causes of accidents are unsafe and unhealthy acts and conditions. THANK YOU  INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 1. WORKPLACE HAZARDS 2. TYPES OF CONTROLS  TOPIC OBJECTIVES: understand relate learn WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE? The science of protecting and enhancing the health and safety of people at work and their communities. WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE? The science and art devoted to identification, evaluation and control of environmental factors and stresses arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort among workers or among citizens of the community. (OSHA)  CLASSMATES!, WHOM DO YOU CARE AND PROTECT? Industrial or Occupational means "work," and "hygiene" means "protecting health." In other words, its all about protecting people's health at work. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DEVOTED TO: identify evaluate control  WORKPLACE HAZARDS 1. SAFETY HAZARDS 2. HEALTH HAZARDS SAFETY HAZARDS something that has a potential for injury HEALTH HAZARDS something that has a potential to cause illness. TYPES HEALTH HAZARDS: CHEMICAL HAZARDS WHAT ARE CHEMICAL HAZARDS? gases heavy metals organic solvents  ORGANIC SOLVENTS Organic solvents are carbon-based substances capable of dissolving or dispersing one or more other substances. Organic solvents can be carcinogens, reproductive hazards, and neurotoxins.  HEAVY METALS a group of metals and metalloids that have relatively high density and are toxic even poisonous.  GASES are formless fluids that expand to occupy the space or enclosure in which they are confined FORMS OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS vapors fumes smoke  VAPORS Vapor is the volatile form of substances that are normally in a solid or liquid state at room temperature and pressure. Vapors are gases in that true vapors are atomic or molecular in nature..  FUMES Fumes are formed when material from a volatilized solid condenses in cool air. In most cases, the solid particles resulting from the condensation react with air to form an oxide.  SMOKE Smoke is a collection of tiny solid, liquid and gas particles. Although smoke can contain hundreds of different chemicals and fumes, visible smoke is mostly carbon (soot), tar, oils and ash. CHEMICAL HAZARDS: SOURCES AND ENTRY WAY Cement it can be found in cement manufacturing and construction. The entries are inhalation and skin absorption. ROUTES OF ENTRY INTO THE BODY  RESOURCE PAGE BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Biological hazards are any virus, bacteria, fungus, parasite, or living organism that can cause a disease in human beings. They can be a part of the total environment or associated with certain occupations such as medical professions, food preparation and handling, livestock raising, etc. TYPES TYPESOF OFBIOLOGICAL BIOLOGICALHAZARDS HAZARDS  BACTERIA Microscopic living organisms that have only one cell. Most bacteria aren't harmful, but certain types can make you sick.  VIRUSES an infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. ex. SARS-CoV-2  FUNGI any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.  PARASITES an organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense. PHYSICAL HAZARDS  PHYSICAL HAZARDS defined as “ A factor within the environment that can harm the body without necessarily touching it”  HEAT AND COLD The common physical hazrd in most industries is heat. The direct effect of heat exposure are burns, heat exhaustion, heat stroke and heat cramps. While important hazrds associated with cold are chilblains, erythrocyanosis, immersion foot and frost bite. HEAT CHILBLAINS ERYTHROCYANOSIS IMMERSION FOOT FROST BITE  LIGHT The acute effects of poor illumination are eye strain, headache, eye pain. Exposure to excessive brightness is associated with discomfort, annoyance and visual fatigue.  NOISE auditory effects consist of temporary or permanent hearing loss where as non- auditory effects include nervousness, fatigue, interference with speech etc.  VIBRATION affects hands and arms. After some months or years of exposure, the fine blood vessels of the fingers may be increasingly sensitive to spasm. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS  PORK WORK DESIGN cramped leg area, crowded worktable, distant work materials AWKWARD BODY POSTURES prolonged sitting, twisted body while bending REPETITIVE MOVEMENTS sewing, cutting, stamping  METHODS OF RECOGNIZING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS Walk through Review the Know the raw process materials  METHODS OF RECOGNIZING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS Gathering workers Safety Data Sheet complaints RISK EVALUATION (ASSESSMENT) OBJECTIVES OF RISK EVALUATION: To determine the level of worker exposure (high, medium or low) to health hazards and the effectiveness of the existing control measures, and their relationship to the risk of disease. OBJECTIVES OF RISK EVALUATION: To enable decisions to be made on additional control measures to bring the health risks down to within PEL. (II)LEVEL OF EXPOSURE: Frequency of exposure - daily, weekly, monthly? Duration of exposure - seconds, minutes, hours? Intensity of exposure - high, medium, low? (II)LEVEL OF EXPOSURE: Exposure intensity (Quantitative) Using equipment to measure the intensity or magnitude of exposure Exposure intensity (Qualitative) Using observation and professional opinion. (I)CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPOSURE: Who are expose? How many are exposed? What are they exposed to?. How are they exposed? 1. Inhalation 2. Skin Absorption 3. Ingestion  RISK CONCLUSION Risk conclusion is made after taking into account 1. Level of risk exposure based on qualitative or quantitative assessment and rated against the accepted Permissible Exposure Limits. 2. The work practices and personal factors. 3. The adequancy of existing control measures CONTROLS CONTROL OF HEALTH RISKS 1. Prioritize the control measures at the source, not the worker 2. Prioritize the elimination of hazards, not the reduction of exposure 3. Controls should target below the permissible exposure limits CONTROL OF HEALTH RISKS 4. Controls should be as low as reasonably practicable, especially in cases where there is no data on the permissible exposure limit 5. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) as a last resort 1. Prioritise the control measures at the source, not the worker Controlled source means controlled exposure and a hazard free environment. It is easier to control processes, machinery and equipment than to control workers. 2. Prioritise the elimination of hazards, not the reduction of exposure No hazard means no exposure. Elimination of hazards is more effective. Reduction of exposure is only recommended where it is not possible to eliminate or isolate the hazard. 3. Controls should target below the permissible exposure limits. Risk is reduced if worker exposure is below the permissible limits. Exposure beyond the permissible limits is harmful to worker’s health. Violations of regulations, if PEL is exceeded 4. Controls should be as low ass reasonably practicable, especially in cases where there is no data on the permissible exposure limit. Risk of cancer or allergy exists even at low exposure levels Hazards free environment is still the best working environment. Many chemicals do not have permissible exposure limits. HEIRARCHY OF RISK CONTROLS It is a list of protection strategies that are rated in order of priority from the best to the worst. OTHER METHODS TO CONTROL HEALTH RISKS: Provide information, instruction and training to workers. Exposure monitoring Health surveillance First aid and emergency facilities Warning signals REFERENCES: The right thing to do- What is Industrial Hygiene? (2011) by AIHA Serendipity Bosh Training : Industrial Hygiene pptx. Industrial Hygiene pptx. by Iram Danish THANK YOUUU  WORKER PARTICIPATION TRAINING PRESENTED BY: IVAN SURIO Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) refers to policies, procedures, and regulations designed to ensure the safety, health, and welfare of workers in the workplace. It aims to minimize risks and create a safe working environment.  Prevents workplace injuries and illnesses. Improves productivity and job satisfaction. Ensures compliance with labor laws and industry standards.  RECOGNIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF WORKER PARTICIPATION IN OSH PROGRAMS. IDENTIFY DIFFERENT FORMS OF WORKER PARTICIPATION AND THEIR BENEFITS. COMPREHEND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF OSH TRAINING IN PREVENTING WORKPLACE HAZARDS. EXPLORE VARIOUS TYPES OF OSH TRAINING PROGRAMS AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS. APPLY BEST PRACTICES FOR IMPLEMENTING WORKER PARTICIPATION AND TRAINING IN OSH. The management of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a structured approach that organizations use to protect workers from risks and hazards that may arise in the workplace. A well- implemented OSH management system is essential for ensuring that workers operate in a safe environment, minimizing accidents, and promoting overall well-being. Effective OSH management serves several critical purposes: Risk Reduction - Identifying, assessing, and controlling workplace hazards reduces the risk of injuries and occupational diseases. Legal Compliance - Organizations must comply with regulatory standards set by government bodies such as OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and other safety organizations. Productivity and Morale - A safe workplace fosters better worker morale,reduces absenteeism, and improves overall productivity. Reputation Management - Companies with strong OSH management are viewed as responsible employers, attracting better talent and retaining employees.  Involvement of employees in developing, implementing, and improving workplace safety measures. Encourages collaboration between workers and management.  Promotes a strong safety culture. Enhances hazard identification and risk prevention. Increases compliance with safety policies.  How to accomplish it Give workers the necessary time and resources to Action item 1: Encourage participate in the program. workers to participate in Acknowledge and provide the program positive reinforcement to those who participate in the By encouraging workers to program. participate in the program, Maintain an open door management signals that it policy that invites workers values their input into safety and to talk to managers about health decisions. safety and health and to make suggestions.  How to accomplish it Establish a process for workers to report injuries, illnesses, close calls/near misses, hazards, and other safety and health Action item 2: Encourage concerns, and respond to reports promptly. workers to report safety Include an option for anonymous reporting to reduce fear of reprisal.1 and health concerns Report back to workers routinely and frequently about action taken in response to Workers are often best positioned to their concerns and suggestions. identify safety and health concerns Emphasize that management will use reported and program shortcomings, such as information only to improve workplace safety emerging workplace hazards, unsafe and health and that no worker will experience conditions, close calls/near misses, retaliation for bringing such information to and actual incidents. By encouraging management's attention (see Action Item 5). reporting and following up promptly Empower all workers to initiate or request a on all reports, employers can address temporary suspension or shut down of any issues before someone gets hurt or work activity or operation they believe to be unsafe. becomes ill. Involve workers in finding solutions to reported issues. Action item 3: Give workers access to safety and health information Sharing relevant safety and health information with workers fosters trust and helps organizations make more informed safety and health decisions.  How to accomplish it Provide opportunities for workers to participate in all aspects of the Action item 4: Involve program, including, but not limited workers in all aspects of to helping: the program ⚬ Develop the program and set goals. Including worker input at every ⚬ Report hazards and develop step of program design and implementation improves your solutions that improve safety ability to identify the presence and health. and causes of workplace hazards, ⚬ Analyze hazards in each step of creates a sense of program routine and nonroutine jobs, ownership among workers, tasks, and processes. enhances their understanding of ⚬ Define and document safe work how the program works, and helps practices. sustain the program over time. ⚬ Conduct site inspections.  Action item 5: Remove How to accomplish it barriers to participation Ensure that workers from all levels To participate meaningfully in the program, of the organization can participate workers must feel that their input is welcome, regardless of their skill level, their voices will be heard, and they can access education, or language. reporting mechanisms. Participation will be Provide frequent and regular suppressed if language, education, or skill feedback to show employees that levels in the workplace are not considered, or their safety and health concerns if workers fear retaliation or discrimination are being heard and addressed. for speaking up (for example, if investigations focus on blaming individuals rather than the underlying conditions that led to the incident or if reporting an incident or concern could jeopardize the award of incentive-based prizes, rewards, or bonuses).  Reduces workplace accidents and injuries. Encourages proactive problem-solving. Boosts employee morale and engagement. Strengthens compliance with legal safety standards. OSH training is the process of educating employees about workplace hazards, safety procedures, and emergency responses to minimize risks. Equips employees with knowledge to prevent accidents. Ensures proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Helps workers respond effectively to emergencies.  General Safety Training – Fire safety, first aid, emergency procedures. Job-Specific Training – Safe handling of equipment, hazardous materials handling. Emergency Response Training – Evacuation plans, disaster response. Basic Occupational Safety and Health (BOSH) Construction Safety and Health (COSH) (TESDA) also offers Workplace Safety Training  Reduces workplace incidents and accidents. Increases employee confidence in handling safety risks. Enhances overall workplace safety culture. Companies with strong OSH training programs experience 50% fewer workplace accidents (NIOSH, 2021). Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) plays a critical role in creating a safe and productive work environment. Worker participation fosters a culture of collaboration, accountability, and proactive hazard identification, which helps prevent workplace accidents. Effective OSH training equips employees with the knowledge and skills necessary to handle workplace risks, use safety equipment properly, and respond to emergencies efficiently. By integrating worker participation and continuous training, companies can ensure compliance with safety regulations while promoting employee well-being. A strong OSH management system ultimately leads to a safer, healthier, and more productive workforce, reinforcing the principle that a safe workplace is a productive workplace.  STAY SAFE! References International Labour Organization (ILO, 2021) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, 2020) European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU- OSHA, 2019) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 2022) American Society of Safety Professionals (ASSP, 2020) World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE, Philippines) Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)  By Efie Mae Glema PREVENTIVE & PROTECTIVE MEASURES Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)  t i v e s O b j ec 1. Understand the importance of preventive and protective measures in maintaining a safe working environment. 2. Recognize and comprehend safety measures, including Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Preventive and protective measures ensure workplace safety by reducing accidents, protecting employees, improving productivity, preventing legal issues, boosting morale, safeguarding equipment, and ensuring regulatory compliance. The Hierarchy of Controls  ENGINEERING CONTROLS Engineering controls protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Engineering controls might cost more to set up, but they save money in the long run. They protect a lot of workers at once and reduce the need for ongoing safety checks.  p l e s E xam Isolation – separating workers from the hazard by distance or the use of barriers Enclosures – placing the material or process in a closed system (e.g., enclosed machines, booths, etc.) Guarding and shielding – using guards around moving parts of machinery Ventilation – using local exhaust or general dilution ventilation to remove or reduce airborne products Mechanical lifting devices – using mechanical methods to lift or move objects instead of manual lifting Guardrails – using guardrails to prevent a fall Ergonomic Design - redesigning workstations, tools, or equipment to suit the user/worker better. MACHINE GUARD VENTILATION SYSTEM GUARDRAILS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Cost Savings in Upfront Costs the Long Run Maintenance Permanent Requirements Solutions Reduced Not Always Feasible Dependency on Worker Behavior  ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Administrative controls establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards. Administrative controls include work practice controls which are intended to reduce the likelihood of exposure by changing the way a task is performed.  p l e s E xam Procedures, such as equipment inspections, planned preventive maintenance, checklists, lockout/tagout/tryout, infection prevention and control practices, changing work schedules, pre- and post-task reviews, and rotation of workers Training on topics such as hazard communication, permit-required confined space entry, lockout/tagout/tryout, and safe work procedures Warnings, such as signs, backup alarms, smoke detectors, computer messages, mirrors, horns, labels, and instructions ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Relies on Human Cost-Effective Compliance Continuous Flexible Monitoring Needed Not Permanent Easy to Implement  PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes clothing and devices to protect workers. PPE needs constant effort and attention (including proper use and training) from workers. PPE limits exposure to the harmful effects of a hazard but only if the PPE is worn and used correctly.  TYPES OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 1. Head Protection: Hard hats, bump caps 2. Eye & Face Protection: Safety goggles, face shields 3. Hearing Protection: Earplugs, earmuffs 4. Respiratory Protection: N95 masks, respirators 5. Hand Protection: Latex gloves, cut-resistant gloves 6. Foot Protection: Steel-toe boots, anti-slip shoes 7. Body Protection: Coveralls, high-visibility vests ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES False Sense of Protection from Security Hazards Cost and Compliance with Maintenance Safety Regulations Discomfort and Increased Confidence Restriction and Productivity What Are Feasible Controls? To decide if a control is feasible, you need to know how well it can protect workers and whether it can be implemented successfully. Consider whether it is: Right for the hazard Appropriate, given how likely injuries/illnesses are Consistent with employer policies, laws, and regulations Not too burdensome to workers Recognized as an appropriate practice in the industry Effective, reliable, and durable Readily available Cost-effective, short- and long-term  CO N C L U S I O N Workplace safety is essential for preventing hazards and protecting workers. Engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE each play a role in reducing risks. Following proper safety measures helps create a safer and healthier work environment for everyone. THANK YOU!  T I O N S Q U E S 1. Why do you think some workers might not follow safety rules, even if they know the risks? 2. How can employers ensure that PPE is being used properly by workers on the job? 3. Which do you think is the most important safety measure: proper training, regular inspections, or personal protective equipment (PPE)? Why? 4. Why are administrative controls, like training and policies, important in keeping workers safe even when engineering controls are in place? 5. Why should we try to remove or control hazards before using PPE? Occupational Occupational Safety Safety and and Health Health (OSH) (OSH) Legislation Legislation Nelson M. Abarquez Jr. BSIE - 3A  Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Legislation refers to law and regulation that ensure safe and healthy working conditions for all workers. It emphasizes preventing workplace accidents, illnesses, and hazards while promoting a culture of safety. Objectives Understand the OSH regulatory framework. Familiarize with the key features of D.O 198 - 18, of RA 11058. Regulation of OSH in the Philippines  Labor Code of the Philippines General Labor Standard Primary piece of legislation that outlines the rights and responsibilities of workers and employers.  Labor Code of the Philippines General Labor Standard Primary piece of legislation that outlines the rights and responsibilities of workers and employers. BOOK IV / YELLOW BOOK  Labor Code of the Philippines specifically focuses on health, safety, and social welfare benefits. Think of it as the backbone supporting worker protection and workplace safety.  Occupational Safety and Health Standards (1978) BOOK IV / YELLOW BOOK Provides detailed regulations and guidelines to maintain safe and healthy working condition. This covers a wide range of issues including general safety, construction safety, and across various industry.  Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) plays a critical role in implementing OSH standards. Through its various agencies, DOLE issues guidelines and department orders tailored to specific industries. This ensures that safety practices are not only comprehensive but also up-to-date, addressing unique hazards across sectors.  Now, let’s dive into two essential components of the OSH framework: Republic Act 11058 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), known as Department Order 198-18.  RA 11058 Department Order 198-18 The law that ensures workplaces The guidebook that explains are safe and healthy for how to follow this law. It gives employees. It says companies step-by-step rules, like how to must follow safety standards, report violations, calculate and protect workers, and will be penalties, and ensure penalized if they don’t. compliance. THE BIG RULE THE DETAILED INSTRUCTION MANUAL Republic Act 11058 D.O 198-18 “ Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violation Thereof “ Republic Act 11058 D.O 198-18 “ Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violation Thereof “ A providing penalties for violations thereof. It means that we have a law (old OSH Standards), which is the yellow book, and which was amended in 1989.  Republic Act 11058 D.O 198-18 “ Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violation Thereof “ Before, noncompliance might have been treated as just a warning or a light consequence. But now, with RA 11058, if a company violates OSH rules, they face severe penalties, including daily fines. This makes it clear that workplace safety isn’t optional—it’s mandatory, and companies have to comply or face serious consequences. Implementation August 17, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte officially approved and signed RA 11058. December 6, 2018, Secretary Silvestre H. Bello III Officially approved and signed the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) - D.O. 198-18. Again, D.O 198 provides the implementing rules and regulations of RA 11058. It details the procedure and requirements for compliance with OSH standards. This order was approved and signed by the former secretary of Department of Labor and Employment. Key Features of D.O 198 - 18 (RA 11058) Section 1 Declaration of Policy The State affirms labor as a primary social and economic force, and that a safe and healthy workforce is an integral aspect of nation building. The State shall ensure a safe and healthful workplace for all working people by affording them full protection against all hazards in their work environment. It shall ensure that the provisions of the Labor Code of the Philippines, all domestic laws, and internationally- recognized standards on occupational safety and health are being fully enforced and complied with by the employers, and it shall provide penalties for any violation thereof. The State shall protect every worker against injury, sickness or death through safe and healthful working conditions thereby assuring the conservation of valuable manpower resources and prevention of loss or damage to lives and properties consistent with national development goals, and with the State's commitment to the total development of every worker as a complete human being. The State, in protecting the safety and health of the workers, shall promote strict but dynamic, inclusive, and gender-sensitive measures in the formulation and implementation of policies and programs related to occupational safety and health. Section 2 This rule shall apply to all establishments, projects sites, and all other places where work is being undertaken in all branches of economic activity. Section 3 Definition of Terms https://library.laborlaw.ph/r-a-11058-occupational- safety-and-health-standards/ Section 4 Duties of Employers Workers and Other Persons For Employers: Employers are responsible for providing a safe working environment. This includes ensuring that the workplace is free from hazards, providing necessary training and protective equipment, and implementing safety measures. They must also report accidents and take prompt action to address any safety concerns. For Workers: Workers must adhere to safety protocols, use protective gear, and follow guidelines set by their employers. Section 4 They are also required to report any unsafe conditions or incidents to help maintain a safe work environment. For Other Persons: This includes contractors, visitors, or anyone else present in the workplace. They are expected to follow the safety rules and avoid actions that could put others at risk. Section 5 Workers’ Right to Know The right to safety and health at work shall be guaranteed. All workers shall be appropriately informed by the employer about all types of hazards in the workplace, provided access to training and education on chemical safety, electrical safety mechanical safety, and ergonomical safety.  Section 6 Workers’ Right to Refuse Unsafe Work The worker has the right of refusal to work without threat or reprisal from the employer if, as determined by the DOLE, an imminent danger situation exists in the workplace that may result in illness, injury or death, and corrective actions to eliminate the danger have not been undertaken by the employer. Section 7 Workers’ Right to Report Accidents Workers and their representatives shall have the right to report accidents, dangerous occurrences, and hazards to the employer, to the DOLE and other concerned government agencies exercising jurisdiction as the competent authority in the specific industry or economic activity.  Workers’ Right to Personal Protective Section 8 Equipment (PPE) Every employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, shall provide his workers, free of charge, protective equipment for their eyes, face, hands and feet, and free, and lifeline, safety belt or harness, gas or dust respirators or masks, protective shields whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous work process or environment, chemical, radiological, mechanical and other irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact. The cost of the PPE shall be part of the safety and health program which is a separate pay item pursuant to Section 20 of this Act.  Section 9 Safety Signage and Devices – All establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall have safety signage and devices to warn the workers and the public of the hazards in the workplace. Safety signage and devices shall be posted in prominent positions and strategic locations in a language understandable to all, and in accordance with the standard set by the DOLE.  Safety in the Use of Equipment In relation to the use of equipment, the Section 10 employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, must comply with the DOLE requirements in the different phases of the company or project operation including the transport to and from the establishment, project, site or place where work is being undertaken. Section 11 Occupational Safety and Health Information Workers in all establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall be provided adequate and suitable information by the employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, on safety and health hazards, and the appropriate measures, including the probable location of workers, for the prevention, control and protection againsta those hazards. Section 12 Occupational Safety Health (OSH) Program Employers are required to create and implement a clear safety and health plan in the workplace. This includes rules, procedures, and activities to prevent accidents and illnesses on the job. It’s like having a game plan to keep everyone safe and healthy while working. Section 13 Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Committee To ensure that the safety and health program observed and enforced, a safety and health committee shall be organized in covered workplaces composed of the following: (a) Employer or representative as the chairperson ex officio; (b) Safety officer of the company or project as the secretary; (c) Safety officer representing the contractor or subcontractor, as the case may be, as members; (d) Physicians, nurses, certified first-aiders, and dentists as members, ex officio,if applicable; and (e) Workers representatives who shall come from the union if the workers are organized or elected by the workers through a simple majority vote if they are unorganized, as members. The committee shall effectively plan develop, oversee and monitor the implementation of the safety and health program. Safety Officer Section 14 The critical component in ensuring the effective implementation of workplace occupational safety and health (OSH) programs. Categories of Safety Officer Levels of Qualifications Roles and Responsibilities SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 Section 15 Occupational Health Personnel and Facilities Covered workplaces shall have qualified occupational health personnel such as physicians, nurses, certified first-aiders, and dentists duly complemented with the required medical supplies, equipment and facilities. The number of health personnel, equipment and facilities, and the amount of supplies shall be proportionate to the total number of workers and the risk of hazard involved, the ideal ratio of which shall be prescribed by the DOLE Section 16 Safety and Health Training (a) All safety and health personnel shall undergo the mandatory training on basic occupational safety and health for safety officers as prescribed by DOLE. (b) All workers shall undergo the mandatory eight (8) hours safety and health seminar as required by the DOLE which shall include a portion on joint employer-employee orientation. (c) All personnel engaged in the operation, erection and dismantling of equipment and scaffolds, structural erections, excavations, blasting operations, demolition, confined spaces hazardous chemicals, welding, and flame cutting shall undergo specialized instruction and training on the said activities. Section 17 Occupational Safety and Health Reports All employers, contractors or subcontractors, if any, shall submit all safety health reports, and notifications prescribed by the DOLE. Section 18 Workers' Competency Certification In order to professionalize, upgrade and update the level of competence of workers, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) or the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), as the case may be, shall establish national compentency standards and prepare guidelines on competence assessment and certification for critical occupations. In this regard, all critical occupations shall undergo the mandatory competence assessment and certification by the TESDA. Section 19 Workers' Welfare Facilities - All establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall have the following welfare facilities in order to ensure humane working conditions: (a) Adequate supply of safe drinking water; (b) Adequate sanitary and washing facilities; (c) Suitable living accomodation for workers, as may be applicable; and (d) Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities for men and women workers as may be applicable. Section 20 Cost of Safety and Health Program The total cost of implementing a duly approved safety and health program shall be an integral part of the operations cost. It shall be a separate pay item in construction and in all contracting or subcontracting arrangements Joint and Solidary Liability Section 21 The project owner, contractors, subcontactors, and those who oversee the works. All these individuals or entities are collectively and individually responsible for adhering OSH standards. Section 22 Visitorial Power of the Secretary of Labor and Employment Gives the Secretary of Labor and Employment the authority to inspect workplaces to make sure safety and health standards are being followed. This means the Secretary can visit any worksite, check if employers are complying with safety regulations, and even require changes if needed. It’s a way to ensure that workers are always in a safe environment, and that employers are doing their part to protect them. Section 23 Payment of Workers During Work Stoppage Due to Imminent Danger If stoppage of work due to imminent danger occurs as a result of the employer’s violation or fault, the employer shall pay the workers concerned their wages during the period of such stoppage of work or suspension of operation. For purposes of payment of wages and any other liabilities arising from a work stoppage order is issued secondary to an imminent danger situation which would imperil the lives of the workers. Section 24 Delegation of Authority The authority to enforce mandatory OSH standards may be delegated by the Secretary of Labor and Employment to a competent government authority. Section 25 Standards Setting Power of the Secretary of Labor and Employment The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall, in consultation with the other concerned government agencies and relevant stakeholders, by appropriate orders, set and enforce mandatory OSH standards to eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health hazards depending on the number of employees of the establishment, the nature of its business operations, and the risk or hazard involved. Section 26 Employee’s Compensation Claim Aworker may file claims for compensation benefit arising out of work-related disability or death. Such claims shall be processed independently of the finding of fault, gross negligence or bad faith of the employer in a proceeding instituted for the purpose. Section 27 Incentives to Employers There shall be an established package of incentives under such riles and regulations as may be promulgated by the DOLE to qualified employers to recognize their efforts toward ensuring compliance with OSH and general labor standards such as OSH training packages, additional protective equipment, technical guidance, recognition awards and other similar incentives.  Prohibited Acts Section 28 Outlines the consequences for failing to adhere to OSH regulations, emphasizing the seriousness of violations and the importance of maintaining safe working environments. Php 100,000.00 Per Day Penalty Prohibited Acts Section 28 (Sample Scenario) Imagine a construction company where workers are regularly exposed to high-risk conditions—like working at heights—without proper fall protection equipment. Let’s say the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) inspects the site and finds that the company hasn’t provided harnesses or installed safety nets, which are required by OSH standards. Penalties Section 28 (Sample Scenario) DOLE issues a notice to fix this violation immediately, but weeks pass, and the company does nothing. In this case, the company will be fined Php 100,000 for each day the workers remain unprotected. Now, imagine that it takes the company 10 days to finally comply after being warned—that’s a penalty of Php 1,000,000. This is the kind of financial consequence that pushes employers to act swiftly and take safety seriously. The OSH law has a matrix indicating the administrative fines that may be imposed for willful noncompliance with the said law and its implementing rules and regulations (IRR). Willful noncompliance means that the failure or refusal to comply with the OSH law is done voluntarily, deliberately, or intentionally. In layman’s terms, the employer has ignored compliance orders repeatedly despite orders and/or notices from the Department of Labor and Employment. Section 29 Updated DOLE Computerized Labor Law Compliance System The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall maintain an updated labor inspection system of computerized gathering and generation of real time data on compliances, monitoring of enforcement, and a system of notification on workplace accidents and injuries. Section 30 is e s (M S E s ) a l l E n te r p r ic r o a n d S m m p lia n ce i lit y to M H c o re c o Applicab L E s h a ll d e v e l o p O S h all be S E s , t h e D O s. A ll M SE s s ec if ic t o M w or kp la ce Sp e a n d h e a lt h y e p in g , e n s u re s a f f o r ho u s e ke d a r d s to ta n d a r d s stan e p r es c ri b e d s fe t y a nd m p le m e n t t h c h a n ic a l s a ir e d t o i a l a n d m e requ o r ag e , e le c t r ic dli n g a n d s t e r ia ls h a n mat r ds re g u la r ly. o n it o r h a za E, a n d to m PP Section 31 Inter-Governmental Coordination and Cooperation About different government agencies working together to make sure safety and health standards are followed. It says that the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) should coordinate with other government bodies, like the Department of Health or the local government, to make sure workplaces are safe. It's basically the government teaming up to get things done more efficiently and to protect workers across different sectors.  Section 32 Implementing Rules and Regulations The Secretary of Labor and Employment, in coordination with agencies concerned, shall formulate the rules and regulations within ninety (90) days after the effectivity of this Act. Section 33 Separability Clause If any part, section or provision of this Act shall be held invalid or unconstitutional, the other provisions not affected by such declaration shall remain in full force and effect.  Section 34 Repealing Clause All laws, acts decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations or other issuances or parts thereof which are inconsistent with this Act are hereby modified or repealed. Section 35 Effectivity This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days after its publication in the Official Gazette or at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation. Conclusion OSH legislation is more than just compliance—it is a commitment to protecting workers, ensuring safe workplaces, and fostering a culture of prevention. RA 11058 and D.O. 198-18 set clear standards, holding employers accountable and reinforcing that safety is a right, not a privilege. Noncompliance carries severe penalties, but beyond fines, the real cost is human lives. A safe workplace is not just a legal obligation but a foundation for productivity, trust, and sustainability. Prevention is always better than reaction. Let us see OSH laws not just as rules but as a moral duty—a commitment to sending every worker home safe. Because in the end, safety is not just policy; it is principle. THANK Y U Questions: 1. How does RA 11058 benefit workers in the Philippines? 2. Why is it important for employers to comply with OSH standards? 3. Could you give some examples of personal protective equipment (PPE) that employers must provide? 4. What penalties can employers face for non-compliance with RA 11058? 5. What should workers do if they feel their workplace is unsafe?  CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF OSH Presented by: Donnalyn Garais Objectives: 1. Define Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) and explain its significance in creating a safe and healthy workplace environment. 2. Discuss the key concepts and principles that guide the effective implementation of OSH. 3. Identify and examine common challenges organizations encounter when implementing OSH.  Refers to the discipline focused on the safety, health, and welfare of people at work. In the Philippines, OSH encompasses a broad range of What is regulations, and policies designed to ensure that working conditions are safe and conducive to the Occupational well-being of employees. Safety and Health (OSH) ? OSH includes rules and policies to protect workers from accidents , injuries and illnesses.  Key Focus Areas: Promote and maintain the highest levels of physical, mental, and social well- being among employees across all industries. Preventing negative health impacts caused by working conditions and making sure that the workplace is very well suited to the physical and mental needs of employees. To emphasize adapting work process that fits human capabilities, rather than forcing workers to conform to potentially harmful job requirements.  Why is Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) important? Protect employees’ Safety and Health Prepares for Emergencies Promotes a positive workplace culture Improves Quality of Work It enhance company reputation. Boost productivity Reduced Cost CORE CONCEPTS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH)  HIERARCHY OF CONTROL is a method of identifying and ranking safeguards to protect workers from hazards. They are arranged from the most to least effective. SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK ( SSOW) It is a set of procedures and practices designed to ensure that work is done safely. It involves identifying the risk, setting clear guidelines, and providing necessary equipment and training to protect workers from hazard. HEALTH SURVEILLANCE This involves monitoring workers' health, especially for those exposed to specific risks in the workplace, such as chemicals, noise, or repetitive tasks. TRAINING AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION Ensuring that workers are properly trained and informed about workplace risks, safety practices, and emergency procedures. WORKER PARTICIPATION Encouraging active worker involvement in safety planning, risk assessments, and the implementation of safety measures.  PRINCIPLES OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH)  1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT Systematically identify workplace hazards and assess the risks to prevent accidents and illnesses. Example : Conducting workplace inspections to identify the unsafe act. and unhealthy condition or potential risk. 2. PREVENTION AND CONTROL WORKPLACE HAZARDS Implement measures to reduce or control hazards and risk to ensure workplace safety. Example : Installing machine guards, using protective barriers , providing appropriate ventilation.  3. WORKER’S RIGHT TO SAFETY AND HEALTH Workers have the right to a safe and healthy work environment. Example : Workers must be informed of the risks in their job and trained on how to handle them safely. 4. EMPLOYER’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR OSH COMPLIANCE Employers are primarily responsible for ensuring that OSH standards are implemented and maintained in the workplace. Example : Providing PPE and maintaining records of work related injuries  5. CONTINUOUS MONITORING AND IMPROVEMENT Regularly review and update OSH programs and policies to address evolving risks and workplace conditions. Example : Updating protocols based on the new technologies or after incidents. 6. REPORTING AND RECORD-KEEPING Maintain accurate records of workplace hazards, accidents and illness and then report them to DOLE as required. Example : Submitting incident reports after workplace accidents.  7. FOCUS ON PREVENTION OVER REACTION Prioritize proactive measures to prevent hazards rather than relying on reactive solutions after incidents. Example : Eliminating hazards , such as replacing harmful chemicals with safer alternatives.  CHALLENGES IMPLEMENTING (OSH)  Challenges Implementing Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Lack of Awareness Resistance to Change Limited Budget Inadequate Training Workers. and employers Employees or may not fully understand management may OSH principles and their resist new safety importance. policies, thinking Small businesses may Workers may lack proper they’re unnecessary struggle to afford safety knowledge on how to or inconvenient. equipment, training, or handle equipment, follow improvements. safety protocols, or use PPE.  Challenges Implementing Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Insufficient Resources Cultural Barriers Rapid Tech. Changes Poor Enforcement Not. enough staff, tools, or Some workplaces time to properly may prioritize implement OSH programs. productivity over safety, leading to New equipment or Weak monitoring or lack unsafe practices. processes may of accountability can lead introduce unfamiliar to non-compliance with hazards that are not safety standards. immediately addressed. Conclusion Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is about making workplaces safer, healthier, and more productive. By following OSH principles, addressing challenges, and making continuous improvements, we can ensure the safety and well-being of workers. This not only protects people but also helps companies thrive by boosting productivity and reducing costs. THANK YOU!