Water Supply and Quality PDF

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION WATER Supply and Quality Maurice L. Eastridge Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University 1...

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION WATER Supply and Quality Maurice L. Eastridge Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University 1 25-30 gal/day; 268 lb 80% drinking; 228 lb Evaporative losses (55%) 20% feed; 40 lb 65% of BW Half life 3-4 days Range for most Urine (10%) animals: 40 – 80% Milk (24%) Feces (12%) 2  Water Sources Drinking – Surface – Well – Spring – Municipal Feed Metabolic 3 Water Intake Dry matter intake Moisture of feed Salt consumption Environmental temperature Production level Temperature of water Water quality 4  Quantity of Water Intake1 (gal/day) Species 40oF 80oF Beef, 600 lb 6.0 10.0 Beef, cow preg 6.4 --- Beef, cow lact 11.4 17.9 Dairy, cow dry 9.7 16.2 Dairy, cow mainten 7.0 10.7 Dairy, cow lact2 0.25 0.35 Horses 7 - 12 Swine 2.5 - 8.0 Sheep and goats 1–4 18.33 lb/gal for water, 3.8 L/gal; 2gal/lb of 4% fat-corrected milk 5 Water Quality Item Concentration Comments pH 6.8 - 7.5 Intake ---------------- ppm ---------------- Sulfates 0 - 250 Cu, Se Sulfate-sulfur 0 - 83 Cu, Se Ca or Mg 0 - 200 Intake Sodium 0 - 300 Softner Iron 0 - 0.3 Taste Nitrates (NO3) < 100 *Nitrite (NO2) < 10 Nitrate-N(NO3-N) < 20 Other: bacteria, dissolved solids, hardness, heavy metals 6  Total Dissolved Solids TDS (mg/L) Comments < 1,000 Safe 1,000 – 2,999 Generally safe, mild diarrhea 3,000 - 4,999 Temporary diarrhea, decrease water intake 5,000 – 6,999 Avoid for pregnant, lactating, and young animals > 7,000 Do not use 7 Bacterial Contamination Enteric organisms – Coliform bacteria (regulated) Potable water = 0 counts Adult animals = < 1000 fecal/100 ml; Young animals and dairy wash water