Computer Architecture Lecture Slides PDF

1 Belgium Campus – Coa1x1– day 1 Computer architecture © BELGIUM CAMPUS 2023  2 Computer architecture IMPORTANT INFORMATION Y...

1 Belgium Campus – Coa1x1– day 1 Computer architecture © BELGIUM CAMPUS 2023  2 Computer architecture IMPORTANT INFORMATION Your lecturer will now share with you some details regarding the assessments, assignments/projects, and any other relevant details. © BELGIUM CAMPUS 2023  3 A computer Hardware: Everything you can take in your hands. A screen, mouse, keyboard, PC case, everything inside that case, printer, etc. Software: This you can’t take in your hands. It HARDWARE SOFTWARE is only visible on your screen and you work with it, such as Windows, Word, Paint, etc.  4 Computers Do some research and answer these questions: Activity 1. Who is considered the father of computing and why? 2. What kind of computer system is required to host and run ChatGPT? 3. Is a smartphone a computer? What about an Apple watch? A car? A cat feeder? A blood sugar monitor? 4. How would you define a computer?  5 Hardware categories INPUT OUTPUT PROCESSING HYBRIDS CLICK HERE FOR SOME EXAMPLES. CLICK HERE FOR SOME EXAMPLES.  6 Input is data that is entered into or received by a computer. Output is how the computer presents the results of the process. Processing refers to the actions that a computer takes to execute commands a user makes. Hybrids Hardware that has traits of mixed operations/fields/different systems e.g. modem (A telecommunication device )​.  7 Input devices HARDWARE CATEGORIES: INPUT DEVICES POINTING DEVICES TEXT INPUT DEVICES mouse Touch screen keyboards  8 Input devices HARDWARE CATEGORIES: INPUT DEVICES IMAGE & VIDEO AUDIO DEVICES scanner webcam microphone  9 Gaming devices HARDWARE CATEGORIES: INPUT DEVICES Joystick Game pad Steering Wheel One-handed Adaptive controller keyboards Click here to see how it works Click here to see how it works  10 output devices HARDWARE CATEGORIES: INPUT DEVICES Printer Monitor Speakers  11 Screens Do some research on screens and define these terms. Activity Provide scenarios in which these resolutions would be ideally used: Full HD, 2K, WQHD, 4K, and UHD  12 Which devices have both input and output capabilities? Can you think of a device that allows you to enter information but can also provide output? A phone can output information through the screen and speakers. It can accept input through its camera and touch screen.  13 A processor (CPU) is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer. Processing HARDWARE CATEGORIES: PROCESSING processor Storage Storage is a process through which digital data is saved within a data storage device by means of computing technology.  14 Memory HARDWARE CATEGORIES: STORAGE Memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs data on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device. Primary storage Secondary storage Internal memory External memory ROM RAM Harddrives  15 The processor (CPU] Everything inside the computer is done through power; electrical signals give through information from one side to the other. Electrical signals perform the calculations.  16 The processor There are 2 main manufacturers of CPUs: AMD and Intel. These CPUs are used in desktop computers, laptops, and servers. For phones, the common CPUs are Qualcomm Snapdragon and Apple silicon.  17 Central Processing Unit Intel vs AMD Activity Who wins? Where are their chips used?  18 Someone might think a Core i7 is a powerful CPU, but that is simply the type of CPU. It does not state whether it is a The processor newer generation i7 or if it is an old i7. Here is a breakdown of the naming of CPUs. There are 2 main manufacturers of CPUs: AMD and Intel. These CPUs are Brand name Generation Unit number (SKU) used in desktop computers, laptops, and servers. For phones, the common CPUs are Qualcomm Snapdragon and Apple Intel Core i5 13500F silicon. CPU Identifier Additional info This is not always present. In this case the F means the CPU has no integrated graphics.  19 Software System software Application software Programs designed to coordinate the These are software solutions developed activities and functions of by programmers to solve problems and the hardware and various programs provide additional functionality that throughout the computer system. the operating system may not provide.  20 System software Three of the major players in desktop operating systems Activity are Windows, MacOS, and Linux. Create a pros and cons list for each of these operating systems.  21 Operating system functions SYSTEM SOFTWARE Performs common Provides a user Provides a degree of Manages system hardware functions interface hardware independence memory Manages processing Provides network Controls access to Manages files tasks capability resources (security)  22 Application software types APPLICATION SOFTWARE Personal Application Software Proprietary Application Software Microsoft Office applications Off-The-Shelf Application Software or Database applications Customised Packages Graphics applications Software that is designed to perform a specific or Any software that helps a single person unique task. accomplish some goal. Programming Workgroup Application Enterprise Application Languages Software Software Software that creates Software that helps Software that benefits an other software. people/teams work together. entire organisation. Find 3 examples for each of the above categories.