Business Communications CM4203 Week 1 Lecture Notes PDF

Business Communications CM4203 Dr. Caoilfhionn Ní Bheacháin Week 1, Part 2  Communication is the exchange of message meaning within a person and between people. It is a continuous process that occurs in various contexts and uses cultural symbols. It is a process t...

Business Communications CM4203 Dr. Caoilfhionn Ní Bheacháin Week 1, Part 2  Communication is the exchange of message meaning within a person and between people. It is a continuous process that occurs in various contexts and uses cultural symbols. It is a process that purposefully uses spoken, nonverbal, and visual symbols.  High fidelity – the achievement of mutual understanding which is the ideal communication experience. When hiring  Businesses tend to focus on critical thinking and listening skills, interpersonal communication (including interviewing and nonverbal interactions), collaborative communication involving groups and teams, writing, and oral presentations.  Need to communicate with diverse stakeholders Why is effective communication important to organisations? Helps an organisation to achieve:  satisfied repeat customers, rather than unhappy ex-customers;  well-motivated employees, rather than an expensive industrial dispute;  a positive reputation in the wider community, rather than an international boycott of its products;  innovative and creative strategies, rather than inefficiency, indecision and resistance to change. Challenges to effective organisation communication  Formal organisation structures, reporting arrangements and procedures  Cultural diversity / Neurodiversity / Equality Concerns  Intense political, financial and time pressures, competing managerial priorities and demands.  Digital natives vs. older generation Information is socially constructed  It is created, shared and interpreted by people  It never speaks for itself  Context always drives meaning  A messenger always accompanies a message  Today Introduction to the Elements within Models of Communication, Intrapersonal Communication, and Perception. Miscommunication / Perception and Complexity  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCfzeONu 3Mo Communication Model Components  Linear/Action Sender Receiver Message Channel Noise  Interaction Feedback Context  Transaction Simultaneous interaction of components Meaning is co-constructed and co-managed. 11 The Communication Process Sender (encodes) Message (idea) Channel (path of message) Receiver (decodes) Feedback (verbal and nonverbal) Interference (internal and external noise) Context (communicators) Frame of reference (communicators’ reference points) 12  The Communications Process Context Media Media Sender Sender Encoding Encoding Message Message Decoding Decoding Receiver Receiver Noise Noise // Context Context interference interference Feedback Feedback Response Response Context The Communications Process  Sender  Encoding: converting the intended message into symbols, signs, images and languages  Media: the channel  Message: information to be communicated  Decoding: the process through which the target audience gives meaning to the signs and symbols  Receiver: the target audience The Communications Process  Response: the response of the target audience upon receiving the message  Feedback: the response the audience returns after receiving the message  Noise: interference that occurs during the communications process  Context: the physical, social and psychological situation in which a communication event occurs Noise / Barriers?  The Communications Process Context Media Media Sender Sender Encoding Encoding Message Message Decoding Decoding Receiver Receiver Noise Noise // Context Context interference interference Feedback Feedback Response Response Context Personal Interpersonal History Intrapersonal Cultural Business Communication Contexts Communications - definition  The science and practice of transmitting information  Communication studies is about how human meanings are made Perception Perception - Using our senses:  Which of your senses is most important to you?  What music, tastes, sounds, smells, sights, touch, etc. do you find most affecting?  UK National Autism Society Ad  Hypersensitivity / Hyposensitivity  Understanding neurological spectrums Some individuals on the spectrum of neurodiversity may: need extra time to process information experience anxiety in social situations experience anxiety with unexpected changes find noise, smells and bright lights painful and distressing become overwhelmed and experience a 'meltdown' or 'shutdown'. Perception Contexts and Types of Communication Intrapersonal communication Interpersonal communication o Dyadic communication o Group communication Public communication Organizational communication Mass communication 26 Intrapersonal Communication  Can be used to build self-awareness, achieve or maintain social relationships, and facilitate behaviours.  Activities associated with intrapersonal communication:  Internal discourse  Solo vocal communication  Solo written communication Functions of Intrapersonal Communication  Engage in self-talk.  Clarify a complex idea.  Analyze a difficult situation.  Solve a challenging problem.  Interpret messages from others.  Build up self-awareness.  Use information from surroundings to assess a situation.  Achieve or maintain social relationships. Aspects of Intrapersonal Communication  Views of Self-Concept Beliefs Values Attitudes  Functions of Perception Form self identity. Create impressions of others. Make decisions.  Expectation Prior experiences Life scripts 29 People perceive things differently Perceptual Differences Physiological Psychological Social Cultural Experiential 31 The Perceptual Process 1. Selecting information 2. Organizing information  Proximity  Similarity  Difference 3. Interpreting information 32 Perceptual Errors Attribution theory Fundamental attribution error Self-serving bias o Self-enhancement o Self-presentation 33  Perceptual set theory stresses the idea of perception as an active process involving selection, inference and interpretation.  The concept of perceptual set is important to the active process of perception. Allport (1955) defined perceptual set as: 'A perceptual bias or predisposition or readiness to perceive particular features of a stimulus.'  Ithas been found that a number of variables, or factors, influence perceptual set, and set in turn influences perception. The factors include:  Expectations  Emotion  Motivation  Culture Expectation and Perceptual Set  Bruner & Minturn (1955) illustrated how expectation could influence set by showing participants an ambiguous figure '13' set in the context of letters or numbers e.g.  We may fail to notice printing/writing errors for the same reason. For example: “The Cat Sat on the Map and Licked its Whiskers” This week: Complete the assigned readings in the Week 1 folder on Brightspace – use the McGraw Hill textbook (eConnect) to access it. Do the associated e-tivity (application-based activities in the eConnect folder). As everyone is getting settled and organised at different rates, the first two weeks of readings / eTivities will be open until the end of Week 3.