Cultural Barriers in Counseling

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Questions and Answers

Rushing to help a disabled person onto public transportation is always a well-intentioned action.

False

What is a significant psychological effect of the Conformity Stage on people of color?

Improved social status

Strong cultural identity

Increased self-esteem

Internalizing negative stereotypes (correct)

Empirically supported treatments (ESTs) often include a diverse range of minority groups in clinical trials.

False

What must empirically supported treatments (ESTs) demonstrate to be considered effective?

Superiority to placebo Signup and view all the answers

What are the key relationship variables for effective therapy?

Strong interpersonal bond, strong therapeutic alliance, and effective management of countertransference. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has been described as the three major categories of cultural barriers that can lead to an ineffective helping relationship with culturally diverse clients?

Culture-bound values, language variables, and class-bound values Signup and view all the answers

During the resistance and immersion stage, the three most active types of affective feelings are guilt, shame, and anger.

True Signup and view all the answers

Culturally adapted ESTs have been successfully used with Asian Americans experiencing phobias.

True Signup and view all the answers

Feelings of being brainwashed by the forces of White society would most likely be found in what stage of the REC identity developmental model?

Resistance and Immersion Stage Signup and view all the answers

When counselors unwittingly impose monocultural standards without regard for differences in lifestyles and cultures, they may be engaging in:

Cultural oppression Signup and view all the answers

The basic building blocks of cultural competence in clinical practice are ____, _, and ____.

knowledge; skills; awareness Signup and view all the answers

Covert sexism is:

Unequal and harmful treatment of women that is conducted in a hidden manner Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an environmental microaggression?

All of the choices are correct Signup and view all the answers

The myth of the 'model minority' has often played into major misunderstanding between Black and Asian communities.

True Signup and view all the answers

To be a culturally competent therapist, one should avoid personal feelings and previous experiences with race, culture and gender.

False Signup and view all the answers

Inheriting negative feelings and beliefs about members of marginalized groups is:

Unavoidable and inevitable due to the socialization process in the United States Signup and view all the answers

Most of the mental health disorders in the DSM-5 are transcultural, meaning the symptoms manifest with similar presentations across cultures.

False Signup and view all the answers

Counselors who explore their own emotional reactions to race and culture believe that feelings such as defensiveness and anger can be destructive and are better left untouched.

False Signup and view all the answers

The statement 'There is only one race: the human race' is an example of:

Colorblindness Signup and view all the answers

An effective curriculum should allow students to understand feelings of helplessness and powerlessness.

True Signup and view all the answers

Shame is an emotion felt at the group level, whereas guilt is an individual emotion.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which ego status would be best represented by the following statement, 'My grandfather is prejudiced, but I try not to be?'

Disintegration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true about racism?

Racism was eliminated with the social acceptance and legal codification of the goals and values of the civil rights movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has been described as a challenge faced by counselors in treating culturally diverse populations?

All of the choices are correct Signup and view all the answers

Many immigrants are from collectivistic orientation.

True Signup and view all the answers

The burden to become multiculturally competent rests on the trainees from dominant culture.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is likely to be a perspective of a culturally competent helping professional?

The role of counselor should be broadened to include teaching, consulting, and advocacy. Signup and view all the answers

Research suggests that it is possible for people to avoid inheriting the racial biases, prejudices, misinformation, deficit portrayals, and stereotypes of their forebears if they are exposed to various and diverse cultures before formal schooling.

True Signup and view all the answers

The R/CID model can be considered a global personality theory, which provides fixed and identifiable phases that serve to identify where clients fit on a spectrum.

True Signup and view all the answers

The three types of resistance that are often encountered by students studying diversity training are:

Cognitive; emotional; behavioral Signup and view all the answers

The effectiveness of White therapists is related to their ability to overcome sociocultural conditioning and to make their Whiteness invisible.

True Signup and view all the answers

The approximate number of the foreign-born population including undocumented immigrants living in the United States is:

Over 35 million Signup and view all the answers

The authors contend that there is a denial associated with being White, and it is related to the denial of White privilege.

True Signup and view all the answers

According to the Hardiman White Racial Identity Development model, which stage is characterized by a conscious belief in the democratic ideal that everyone has an opportunity to succeed?

Acceptance Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive behavioral therapy, but not psychodynamic therapy, includes many components of White culture.

True Signup and view all the answers

Ableism has received limited attention in the literature on modern forms of oppression.

True Signup and view all the answers

Graduate programs tend to shy away from teaching about antiracism because there is a limited amount of literature on the topic.

True Signup and view all the answers

Familismo refers to:

A high value placed on family loyalty and unity Signup and view all the answers

Only White individuals need to learn cultural competence.

False Signup and view all the answers

The client becomes a symbol of the inherent mistrust that exists in majority-minority relationships is a characteristic of which challenge associated with counseling White clients?

Transferring racial animosity to White clients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are components of White culture?

All are correct Signup and view all the answers

The client/therapist interchange between Dr. D and Gabriella presented in Chapter 2 provides the reader with a good example of a multiculturally competent therapist addressing a concern of a client from another cultural group.

False Signup and view all the answers

Minority clients most likely terminate prematurely from therapy sessions because they realize they actually do not need the help.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a relevant question for counselors to ask?

What explains the perseverance of the belief among members of certain sociodemographic categories that they are undergoing oppression in the United States? Signup and view all the answers

Preparing counselors with multicultural expertise means:

All of the choices are correct Signup and view all the answers

Beliefs such as 'we are all part of the human race' and 'I do not see color' are most helpful in establishing empathy between the therapist and clients of color.

False Signup and view all the answers

Rushing to help a disabled person onto public transportation could potentially signal to them that:

A and B Signup and view all the answers

In which stage does the person of color realize racism exists?

Integrative Awareness Stage Signup and view all the answers

According to the authors, minority therapists working with White clients should avoid acknowledging their racial differences because it can cause tension and division.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which stage has the most profound negative impact on nearly all people of color?

Conformity Stage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a shortcoming of empirically supported treatments?

Very few minority groups are included in clinical trials Signup and view all the answers

Empirically supported treatments must demonstrate:

All of the choices are correct Signup and view all the answers

The journey to becoming a competent culturally sensitive counselor in working with diverse populations is not complex as humans have innate characteristics that are relatively consistent across cultures with similar hopes and dreams that mark their humanness.

False Signup and view all the answers

Of the approximately 40 million of the foreign-born population currently living in the United States, how many are considered unauthorized immigrants?

Approximately 10.5 million Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an empirically supported relationship variable?

All of the choices are correct Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cultural Barriers to Effective Helping

Three major categories of cultural barriers: culture-bound values, language variables, and class-bound values
Counselors can impose monocultural standards without regard for differences in lifestyles and cultures, which can lead to cultural oppression.

Racial Identity Development

Resistance and Immersion Stage: marked by feelings of guilt, shame, and anger. Individuals may feel "brainwashed" by White society.
Conformity Stage: characterized by internalizing the dominant culture's values and beliefs, including negative stereotypes.

Cultural Competence in Counseling

Building blocks of cultural competence: knowledge, skills, and awareness
Covert sexism: Unequal and harmful treatment of women conducted in a hidden manner.
Environmental microaggressions: subtle, everyday forms of discrimination, such as a lack of Braille in an elevator.
Myth of the "model minority": Perpetuates misunderstanding between Black and Asian communities.
Colorblindness is an ineffective approach to addressing racism.
The burden to become multiculturally competent rests on those from the dominant culture as they have been responsible for marginalization and oppression.

Racism and Oppression

Racism has evolved into a more subtle and ambiguous form. It is still present in society, even if it is less overt.
Ableism has received limited attention in the literature on modern forms of oppression but is a key component of inclusivity and diversity.
Familismo is a high value placed on family loyalty and unity, common in many Latinx cultures.
White therapists need to overcome sociocultural conditioning to effectively work with diverse populations.

Counseling Challenges

Clients of color may terminate prematurely from therapy sessions due to mistrust of majority-minority relationships.
White culture values individualism, independence, and personal responsibility.

Implications for Training and Practice

Empirically supported treatments (ESTs) have limitations, particularly with regard to the inclusion of diverse populations.
Confronting one's own biases and prejudices is essential for becoming a culturally competent counselor.
Counselors should be prepared to play various roles, including teaching, consulting, and advocating.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

This quiz explores the cultural barriers that affect effective helping in counseling, focusing on culture-bound values, language variables, and class-bound values. It also discusses stages of racial identity development and the importance of cultural competence for counselors. Test your understanding of how cultural factors influence the therapeutic process.

Cultural Barriers in Counseling

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

Rushing to help a disabled person onto public transportation is always a well-intentioned action.

What is a significant psychological effect of the Conformity Stage on people of color?

Empirically supported treatments (ESTs) often include a diverse range of minority groups in clinical trials.

What must empirically supported treatments (ESTs) demonstrate to be considered effective?

What are the key relationship variables for effective therapy?

Which of the following has been described as the three major categories of cultural barriers that can lead to an ineffective helping relationship with culturally diverse clients?

During the resistance and immersion stage, the three most active types of affective feelings are guilt, shame, and anger.

Culturally adapted ESTs have been successfully used with Asian Americans experiencing phobias.

Feelings of being brainwashed by the forces of White society would most likely be found in what stage of the REC identity developmental model?

When counselors unwittingly impose monocultural standards without regard for differences in lifestyles and cultures, they may be engaging in:

The basic building blocks of cultural competence in clinical practice are ______, _____, and ______.

Covert sexism is:

Which of the following is an example of an environmental microaggression?

The myth of the 'model minority' has often played into major misunderstanding between Black and Asian communities.

To be a culturally competent therapist, one should avoid personal feelings and previous experiences with race, culture and gender.

Inheriting negative feelings and beliefs about members of marginalized groups is:

Most of the mental health disorders in the DSM-5 are transcultural, meaning the symptoms manifest with similar presentations across cultures.

Counselors who explore their own emotional reactions to race and culture believe that feelings such as defensiveness and anger can be destructive and are better left untouched.

The statement 'There is only one race: the human race' is an example of:

An effective curriculum should allow students to understand feelings of helplessness and powerlessness.

Shame is an emotion felt at the group level, whereas guilt is an individual emotion.

Which ego status would be best represented by the following statement, 'My grandfather is prejudiced, but I try not to be?'

Which of the following statements is NOT true about racism?

Which of the following has been described as a challenge faced by counselors in treating culturally diverse populations?

Many immigrants are from collectivistic orientation.

The burden to become multiculturally competent rests on the trainees from dominant culture.

Which of the following is likely to be a perspective of a culturally competent helping professional?

Research suggests that it is possible for people to avoid inheriting the racial biases, prejudices, misinformation, deficit portrayals, and stereotypes of their forebears if they are exposed to various and diverse cultures before formal schooling.

The R/CID model can be considered a global personality theory, which provides fixed and identifiable phases that serve to identify where clients fit on a spectrum.

The three types of resistance that are often encountered by students studying diversity training are:

The effectiveness of White therapists is related to their ability to overcome sociocultural conditioning and to make their Whiteness invisible.

The approximate number of the foreign-born population including undocumented immigrants living in the United States is:

The authors contend that there is a denial associated with being White, and it is related to the denial of White privilege.

According to the Hardiman White Racial Identity Development model, which stage is characterized by a conscious belief in the democratic ideal that everyone has an opportunity to succeed?

Cognitive behavioral therapy, but not psychodynamic therapy, includes many components of White culture.

Ableism has received limited attention in the literature on modern forms of oppression.

Graduate programs tend to shy away from teaching about antiracism because there is a limited amount of literature on the topic.

Familismo refers to:

Only White individuals need to learn cultural competence.

The client becomes a symbol of the inherent mistrust that exists in majority-minority relationships is a characteristic of which challenge associated with counseling White clients?

Which of the following are components of White culture?

The client/therapist interchange between Dr. D and Gabriella presented in Chapter 2 provides the reader with a good example of a multiculturally competent therapist addressing a concern of a client from another cultural group.

Minority clients most likely terminate prematurely from therapy sessions because they realize they actually do not need the help.

Which of the following is NOT a relevant question for counselors to ask?

Preparing counselors with multicultural expertise means:

Beliefs such as 'we are all part of the human race' and 'I do not see color' are most helpful in establishing empathy between the therapist and clients of color.

Rushing to help a disabled person onto public transportation could potentially signal to them that:

In which stage does the person of color realize racism exists?

According to the authors, minority therapists working with White clients should avoid acknowledging their racial differences because it can cause tension and division.

Which stage has the most profound negative impact on nearly all people of color?

Which of the following is considered a shortcoming of empirically supported treatments?

Empirically supported treatments must demonstrate:

The journey to becoming a competent culturally sensitive counselor in working with diverse populations is not complex as humans have innate characteristics that are relatively consistent across cultures with similar hopes and dreams that mark their humanness.

Of the approximately 40 million of the foreign-born population currently living in the United States, how many are considered unauthorized immigrants?

Which of the following is an empirically supported relationship variable?

Study Notes

Cultural Barriers to Effective Helping

Racial Identity Development

Cultural Competence in Counseling

Racism and Oppression

Counseling Challenges

Implications for Training and Practice

Studying That Suits You

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