Clothing Selection PDF

LESSON 7.1 - BUILDING WARDROBE - Once you understand what needs to go into What is Wardrobe? your core wardrobe, it’s time to review what already exists. - A...

LESSON 7.1 - BUILDING WARDROBE - Once you understand what needs to go into What is Wardrobe? your core wardrobe, it’s time to review what already exists. - A wardrobe is a piece of furniture typically with a mirrored door. This is where you store and 4. Optimize and Filter Out organize your clothes, shoes and accessories. - Based on the previous step, optimize your wardrobe as per your liking. Review what pieces look the best on you. Invest your time in maintaining and upgrading your outfits. PLANNING HOW TO BUILD FITTED WARDROBES FOR YOUR HOME? HERE ARE TOP TIPS TO HELP vs YOU UNDERSTAND HOW TO MAKE FITTED WARDROBES: 1. Choose the location of your wardrobe. 2. Get your measurements right. 3. Decide the layout. Wardrobe Closet 4. Choose your wardrobe materials. THE SIZE LESSON 7.2 - DIFFERENT WAYS OF TAKING Closet CARE OF THE CLLOTHES - A closet is typically smaller than a wardrobe, as it is meant to hold fewer items. According to Wrap, factors that impact how long an Wardrobe item of clothing is kept for include the willingness of the owner to wear the same item repeatedly (always - A wardrobe is larger and can hold more items, beyond 30 wears); technical aspects such as resilient such as clothing, shoes, and other accessories. fabrics, dyes and colours; consumer ability to repair or THE DESIGN alter clothes; and how owners look after their clothes. Closet Taking good care of an item of clothing can help to - A closet typically has shelves and hanging significantly increase its lifespan. space. Wardrobe HOW DO YOU TAKE CARE OF YOUR CLOTHES? - A wardrobe may have drawers, shelves, and HERE ARE SOME WAYS OF TAKING CARE OF hanging space. YOUR CLOTHES: THE USE 1. Sort your clothes before washing them Closet - Sort your clothes by color, as well as by how dirty they are. Also, divide certain clothes, like loose - A closet is typically used for storing clothes and knits and delicates, into their own separate load. other items that are not used on a daily basis. It may seem a bit tedious at first, but sorting your Wardrobe laundry helps keep your garments in great shape. - A wardrobe, on the other hand, is typically used for storing items that you use on a daily basis, 2. Read the care labels such as your clothing, shoes, and other - Care labels walk you through the best laundry accessories options for your clothes. Check for a soft tag along the inside of your garment—it’ll probably BENEFITS OF PLANNING A WARDROBE have a series of different symbols on it. These Wardrobe helps you identify your style and leave shapes suggest the best wash temperature and you with more choices. cycle to use, as well as any other precautions you You save money because you’re aware of what you should take. want to buy. 3. Treat stains right away It helps you select clothes, accessories, and shoes - Stains are easier to remove when they haven’t that would fit any occasion, lifestyle, needs and set into the fabric. Experts advise blotting the preference. stain with a clean sponge instead of rubbing it in, You don’t have to spend more time searching, since rubbing a stain will only force it deeper into purchasing, and returning. the fabric. Laundry experts also suggest STEPS TO BASIC WARDROBE PLANNING pretreating the stain before tossing it into the 1. Identify your Wardrobe Needs wash. - What your wardrobe should consist of depends 4. Launder T-shirts in cold water on various factors like: - T-shirts are safe to toss in both your washer and Lifestyle Appearance dryer. Experts recommend a cold-water cycle in Weather Preference the washer, along with a permanent press cycle 2. Build your Core Wardrobe in the tumble dryer. If your shirts have obvious pit - After identifying your wardrobe needs, you stains, wash them with an oxygen-based bleach. need to start curating pieces. A well-curated 5. Wash jeans infrequently and inside-out wardrobe should hold at least 70-80% of core - Washing your jeans inside-out will help prevent pieces. These core pieces are the ones you fading. Experts suggest washing jeans once need every day. every 3 wears. Turn your jeans inside-out to 3. Review your Wardrobe protect the color, and wash them in a gentle, cold-  water cycle. Hang up your jeans to air-dry once - Fill a bowl with sudsy, lukewarm water. Soak your they’re out of the washer. jewelry in the mixture, lightly scrubbing away any 6. Hand-wash delicates in cool water and let them dirt and grime with a soft brush. Don’t use really air-dry hot or cold water—extreme temperatures can - Delicates don’t hold up well in the washing damage certain gemstones. machine. Unfortunately, a run through your 15. Clean and store your shoes properly washer may damage the elastic, if your garment - Inspect your nice shoes each time you wear has an elastic band. Instead, hand-wash your them. Before putting them away, clean off your garments in a basin of cool water with 1tsp (4.9 leather shoes with a clean cloth, and wipe away mL) of gentle detergent. Then, delicately wring any dust collecting on your suede shoes. Once out any leftover water, and drape the clothing item you’re done wearing them, experts suggest on a drying rack. sliding shoe trees into your footwear, so they 7. Press or air-dry dress shirts after washing them keep their shape. - It’s safe to wash dress shirts at home, but don’t LESSON 7.3 - PICKING OUT THE RIGHT tumble dry them. Treat any stains ahead of time, GARMENTS AND TAKING CAKE OF OUR and toss your shirt into a cold water cycle. Once CLOTHES the wash cycle is done, shake out the shirt to get rid of any wrinkles. Then, press your shirt or air- IMPORTANCE OF TAKING CARE OF THE dry it on a hanger. CLOTHES 8. Clean delicate fabrics carefully so they don’t WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO TAKE CARE OF OUR get ruined CLOTHES? - Delicate fabrics don’t fare well in a standard - The three-basic necessities of life are food, laundry load. Materials like rayon, lycra, silk, clothes and shelter. Therefore, the importance of wool, nylon, thin knits, and spandex all qualify as clothes cannot be ignored. delicate materials, along with hand-knitted and - The whole life cycle of a garment is harmful to hand-crocheted garments. Try not to wash these the environment, from its production to its clothing items unless they’re really dirty, and maintenance to its disposal. That is why it is of always check the care label before cleaning utmost importance to care for your clothes the them. right way. 9. Avoid overloading your dryer - Clothes do not only cover our body but also - Big loads take a lot longer to dry all the way. Also, improve our personality. Dirty clothes carry many larger laundry loads tend to look wrinklier once germs and bacteria which can cause infection in you pull them out. To prevent any extra our bodies. Dirty clothes make us upset and complications, dry a small amount of clothes that unhealthy. can move and tumble easily in the dryer. 10. Iron specific fabrics at their recommended 10 WAYS TO TAKE CARE OF YOUR CLOTHES temperatures AND MAKE THEM LAST LONGER - There isn’t a universal temperature that works for MAKING CLOTHES LAST all fabrics. Instead, check your care label to see 1. Start with quality. which fabric your garment is made out of. Then, 2. Pay attention to laundering. use the designated fabric setting on your iron, if it 3. Practice good hygiene. has one. 4. Learn basic repairs. 11. Hang up your clothing with wooden and 5. Iron with care. padded hangers 6. Rotate your clothes. - Wooden and padded hangers are much better 7. Practice good storage habits. than wire ones. Wooden hangers work well with 8. Dye faded clothes. coats, pants, jackets, and shirts, while padded 9. Dress after your hair and makeup. hangers provide extra support to garments made 10. Adjust you dryer. with delicate materials, such as silk. Unfortunately, wire hangers don’t provide a lot of LESSON 8.1 - AGE GROUPS (CLOTHES support, and may change the shape of your CLASSIFICATIONS) garment eventually. Selecting Clothes according to Different Age 12. Stick with plastic for long-term storage Groups Involves considering - Cardboard and wood boxes might damage your clothes over time. Instead, slip your out-of- Comfort season garments into plastic boxes, keeping Safety them in a cool, dark, and dry spot. Style Functionality 13. Mend your clothes as needed - Purchase a sewing kit for any last-minute repairs. 1. Infants (0-12 Months) Tears, snags, and rips can pop up when you least Key Considerations: expect them. Mend your clothes with a sewing Safety: Avoid clothes with small buttons, needle and a spool of thread that matches your bows, or other choking hazards. garment. Comfort: Soft, breathable fabrics like 14. Clean your jewelry gently cotton; avoid scratchy materials and rough seams.  Ease of Dressing: Onesies, sleep sacks, Support and Functionality: Clothes that and clothes with snaps or zippers. provide warmth and support, easy to put on Recommended Items: and take off. Onesies and bodysuits Recommended Items: Sleepers and sleep sacks Comfortable loungewear and leisure suits Soft hats and mittens Button-up shirts and elastic-waist pants Footed pants and leggings Warm cardigans and shawls 2. Toddlers (1-3 Years) Supportive shoes and slippers Key Considerations: LESSON 8.2 - CLOTHING SELECTION Durability: Clothes that can withstand ACCORDING TO: CLIMATE active play and frequent washing. Ease of Movement: Stretchy, flexible CLIMATE - has a huge influence on the clothing we fabrics; avoid tight or restrictive clothing. choose to wear. Depending on the time of year, the Practically: Easy-to-remove clothes for temperature, and the climate where we live, our potty training. clothing choices will vary significantly. Recommended Items: WHAT DO YOU WEAR DURING RAINY SEASON? T-shirts and leggings - In colder climates, it is essential to dress warmly Elastic-waist pants and shorts to protect against the cold weather. Layering is Durable play clothes often an important consideration, with a base Layering pieces like hoodies and layer of light clothing worn underneath thicker cardigans. items such as sweaters and coats. Accessories 3. Children/Pre-Teens (4-12 Years) such as hats, scarves, and gloves are also Key Considerations: important to keep the body warm. Style and Personal Expression: Allowing - Colder climates require heavier and thicker layers kids to choose clothes that reflect their of clothing to keep the body warm. Like as in rainy personalities. season, we need such clothes as may dry up Durability and Comfort: Clothes that are soon and are wrinkle free, example is nylon. comfortable for school ang play WHAT DO YOU WEAR DURING SUMMER Recommended Items: SEASON? Graphic tees and jeans - In warmer climates, where the temperature is Dresses and skirts with leggings higher, lighter clothing is typically more Athletic wear for sports and activities suitable. Breathable fabrics such as cotton and Seasonal outerwear like jackets and coats linen are ideal for keeping cool in the heat. 4. Teenagers (13-19 Years) Loose-fitting clothing is also important, as it will Key Considerations: allow for air circulation and help keep the body Trends and Personal Style: Teens often cool. Accessories such as hats and sunglasses follow fashion trends and want clothes that can also be beneficial for protection from the reflect their identity. sun’s rays. Versatility: Clothes that can transition from - Warmer climates tend to require lighter and school to social activities. more breathable clothing that allows for air Recommended Items: circulation. As cool, soft and light colour clothes in summer. Trendy jeans and top Casual dresses and skirts Climate is an important factor to consider when Hoodies, sweaters, and jackets selecting clothing. Different climates require different Athletic wear and sneakers clothing choices in order to keep the body warm, cool, 5. Adults and protected from the elements. Layering can be an Key Considerations: effective way to ensure comfort and protection in a Personal and Casual Wear: Balancing variety of climates and weather conditions. work attire with casual clothes for leisure. Quality and Fit: Investing in well-made, LESSON 8.3 CLOTHING FOR DIFFERENT AGE well-fitting clothes. GROUPS Recommended Items: WHAT IS DRESSING? Business attire: suits, blazers, dress shirts - Dressing is the art of knowing how to carry Casual wear: jeans, t-shirts, casual ourselves during various occasions we dresses partake in. Activewear for fitness - The occasions dictate how we should dress Seasonal outerwear to suit the mood of the events. 6. Seniors (65+ Years) Key Considerations: TYPES OF EVENTS: 1. Formal Events Comfort and Ease of Wear: Soft, easy-to- 2. Casual Events wear clothes with simple fastenings. 3. Career Related Functions 4. Funeral or Wake  1. FORMAL EVENTS - Pumps and a tailored suit (pants or a skirt) or a. Wedding a simple black or navy dress always work - Usually a black-tie or a white-tie event great as a job interview outfit. - It is floor-length gowns for weddings, but the - Steer clear of jangly, distracting jewelry, and etiquette rules are softening, and knee-length avoid denim. dress is equally fine. b. Graduation - Tuxedo for men. - If you’re the graduate, a knee-length colorful, b. Baptism or Other Religious Ceremony white, or floral dress is a great option that fits - Rely on a pretty daytime, a petal or floral, or a the exciting occasion. suit paired with feminine underpinnings and - For someone else’s graduation, cropped pants accents. with a nice top, a pretty patterned skirt, or a - Wear cocktail dress or dressy pants with a cheerful sundress made with a nice fabric. jacket or wrap to cover up in the temple or c. Business Dinner, Work Party, or Networking church. Event - In baptism, it is important not to wear anything - The dress code is “smart casual” i.e. casual that is too serious. but work appropriate. c. Cocktail Party - Women can wear dress pants, a casual dress - The dress code for a cocktail party is “dressy- or a skirt with a nice blouse to a company casual” i.e. semi-formal. party. Men are advised to stick to khakis or - Tuxedos for men and evening dresses for dress pants with a collared shirt and loafers. women are the dress to support in these 4. FUNERAL OR WAKE parties. - Usually a pantsuit or knee-length dress with a - Men’s cocktail attire accommodates suit, coat cardigan or jacket on top. and tie while women’s attire is a knee-length - As for color, black is a standard choice but dress with some frill. not mandatory. What’s most important is to d. Holiday Party, Dinner Party, or “Festive convey the solemnity of the event, which can Attire” Event be accomplished with toned-down clothing in - These occasions let you push the limits on glitz “dark neutrals, like navy, brown, and forest and color. green,” says etiquette experts Leah Ingram. - Put a statement necklace or earrings then pair it with a colorful dress, a sleek jumpsuit, or a LESSON 9 - METHODS OF LAUNDERING AND festive top paired with a fun midi skirt or DRY CLEANING palazzo pants. WHAT IS LAUNDRY? 2. CASUAL EVENTS - also referred to as “wet washing”. a. Outdoor, Day, or More Casual Wedding - Traditional washing with water and detergent. - A flowy sundress, a glam maxi dress or a - Agitation process - either by hand washing or stylish shift dress when weather’s warm like machine washing blues, greens, yellow, and coral. HOW WERE CLOTHES WASHED IN THE PAST? - “For day weddings, which tend to be more Sumerians (2,800 years BC) - the first casual, steer clear of anything heavily beaded reference to washing. or sequined,” says Rothman. laundry - slapping the clothing against rocks in b. Bridal Shower or Baby Shower the river - Something like a flattering, feminine dress, Soap made from ash, wood, grains, and the printed skirt and sweater, or a fun pair of pants herb called mock gillyflower. and a flowy top work great for showers. - Black isn’t forbidden, but make sure it leans ANCIENT EGYPT more on the side of chic than somber. - HIEROGLYPHS shows barefoot slaves stomping on the laundry in a water tank with c. Family Get-Together or Birthday Party added grains. - Usually laid-black with a pair of nice jeans, a fun top, and stylish sneakers, sandals, or flats. GREEK & ROMANS - The stylist says “If you are a woman, wear a - Romans invented communal wash houses. sundress, a skirts or pants with a pretty top to - They washed the clothes with their bare feet in a casual event. If you are man, wear khakis water tanks with added lime-ash, alkali, and with button-down, a sweater, or a polo shirts.” sometimes even urine. - 2nd Century - they began to use soap. d. A First Date - For men, stylists suggests to dress up with a nice DIRTY MEDIEVAL TIMES pair of skinny jeans and a sweater or shirt to look - Development of washing slowed down casual yet trendy. - PLAGUE EPIDEMICS – diseases comes from - Women, usually, need not do much to impress guys water but having said that, don’t look too ragged and laid- ✓ bath once a month back. ✓ laundry every 2 months 3. CAREER RELATED FUNCTIONS - They first boiled the clothes and then beat the dirt out of them with wooden sticks. a. Job Interview - A suit is the standard attire for an interview. 17TH CENTURY  - Washing was on the rise - Finishing agent helps to brighten and/or stiffen - The clothes were washed, pounded, and the fabric and give it a brighter and fresher look. scrubbed. 5. Drying - Spanish and Italians started with soap - Clothes should preferably be dried outside in production. fresh air and sun. - Soap was made from olive oil and algae ash. - Use a clothesline and pegs or clips to hold the - Valcha the serrated washing board, was clothes or a clean stain free metal rack. invented. - Sunlight kills some germs (under garments must be sun dried) THE DEVELOPMENT OF WASHING MACHINES 6. Ironing AND LAUNDRY DETERGENTS - This process is applied on clothes to give them Jacob Christian Schaffen - made the first a smooth look. washing machine in 1767. - An electric or coal iron is used to carry out this 1851 - - a version with the rotating drum was job. involved. 7. Storing 19th Century - the golden age of washing - Remember that clothes are stored back in a machines began. cupboard or box only after they are completely THE MODERN WASHING MACHINES dry for final storage. 1894 - Tesla's use of electricity in a small motor of DRY CLEANING a washing machine. - Dry Cleaning refers to a method of removing Alva Fisher - first electric washing machine in stains, grease, and dirt from fabrics without 1907. using water as a solvent; hence the word “dry”. Washing Powder - was invented in 1907 as well. The chemicals used in the dry-cleaning process 1957 - The first automatic washing machine made includes: in Czechoslovakia was introduced at the Romo petroleum or hydrocarbons plant. liquified Carbon Dioxide Silicon or Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5 LAUNDERING Solvon K4 LAUNDRY PROCESS Tetrachloroethylene or Perchloroethylene 1. Soaking 5. Drying 2. Washing 6. Ironing HISTORY OF DRY CLEANING 3. Rinsing 7. Storing 182 4. Finishing - Thomas Jennings, a tailor in New York filed a 1. Soaking patent with the U.S Patent Office for a process - Soaking of fabric in water loosens the non- he called "dry scouring." greasy dust particles because of up and down 1825 movement of water molecules. - Jean-Baptist Jolly, a dye-worker in France, 2. Washing made a similar discovery when a maid - removal of dirt that has been loosened from working for him spilled kerosene on a paint- fabrics by soaking. stained linen tablecloth. When the kerosene Methods of Washing evaporated, he noticed that the stains on the 1. Friction method tablecloth had disappeared. 2. Washing by kneading and squeezing William Joseph Stoddard 3. Washing in machines - an American dry cleaner created the first non- 1. Friction Method - For washing strong fabrics like petroleum cleaning solvent for dry cleaning, but cotton and linen. it was Michael Faraday who discovered Hand Friction - most common method of perchloroethylene, which is still the solvent of washing clothes. choice for most dry cleaners Scrubbing Brush - using a brush to remove Perchloro ethylene dirt, grease and stains. - (or perc as it’s commonly called) is a volatile Beating Stick - While washing large clothes organic compound which has been found to like bed sheets and towels use a wooden be carcinogenic and not great for the beating stick to provide friction. environment. Even minor spills can cause 2. Washing by Kneading and Squeezing major contamination to the soil and - This method is for delicate fabrics like silk, wool, groundwater around the dry cleaner facility. rayon, etc. For these reasons, the EPA very heavily - This does not damage the fabric or change its regulates the use of perc by dry cleaners. shape because only gentle pressure is applied repeatedly with hands. DRY CLEANING OF CLOTHES INVOLVES THE 3. Washing in Machines - ‘Washing machine’ a labour FOLLOWING STEPS saving device and provides all the friction required for 1. Inspection 5. Post-Spotting cleaning the clothes. 2. Spotting 6. Pressing & Finishing 3. Sorting 7. Final Inspection & 3. Rinsing 4. Drycleaning Packaging - Washed fabrics must be rinsed at least thrice or till they leave behind clear water. STEP 1: Tagging and Inspection 4. Finishing - Some method, whether it is small paper tags or little Red Wine Blood labels written on a shirt collar, is used to identify your Fruit Juice Lipstick clothes so they do not get mixed up with everyone Ink/ Ballpoint Pen Tea/Coffee else's. Clothes are also examined for missing buttons, Grease Mud/Grass tears, etc. that the dry cleaner might get blamed for Sweat and other bodily fluids Collar Dirt otherwise. WAYS TO REMOVE STAINS STEP 2: Spotting and Stain Removal 1. Red Wine - The trained drycleaner skillfully removes spots and Steps stains in conjunction with a number of specialized Lay the clothing item on a flat surface and place solutions. Cleaner looks for stains on clothes and some paper towels underneath the stained area of treats them to make removal easier and more the fabric. complete. Soak a sponge in how water, squeeze out some of STEP 3: Sorting the excess water, and dab the stain. - Read the Label: The label will tell whether an item can Choose a bleach-based liquid stain remover; apply be machine washed, what water temperature to use, it to the stain and surrounding area. and how to dry the fabric. Check the label of the product for special Sort by Color: instructions or directions. Whites, pastels, light gray, and white background Machine wash the clothing item in a regular cycle prints will go in one pile. (temperature will depend on the fabric). Dark colored clothes– black, red, navy, brown, dark Note: Check the clothing item’s label to ensure that gray–go in another pile. the fabric can withstand any form of bleach. If you Sort by Fabric: cannot find this information on the label, check For instance, in the white/light colored pile separate online for a list of fabrics that are not suitable to be towels and sheets from blouses, slacks, and cleaned with bleach. underwear or lingerie. 2. Fruit Juice In the dark colors, separate t-shirts and jeans from Steps lighter weight items like blouses and dress shirts. If you Rinse the area with cold water to lighten the stains have dark towels or blankets, separate them from as much as possible (avoid scrubbing). clothes to reduce lint, never wash lint-producing fabrics Choose a laundry detergent that contains enzymes and lint-attracting fabrics together as this substance helps to tackle different types of STEP 4: Dry Cleaning organic matter. Put on a pair of rubber gloves and - Garments are then drycleaned using a special spread the product over the stain and surrounding internationally standard clear solution which removes area using your fingers. dirt and grease safely from the most delicate and Wait for approximately 20 minutes before tossing sensitive fabrics. Clothes are put in a machine and the clothing item in the washer and running a hot cleaned with a solvent. cycle. Note: Check the label on the clothing item for STEP 5: Post-Spotting laundry symbols or washing instructions before - Post-cleaning spot removal is another part of the running it through a hot water cycle. quality control process. Postspotting, as it is called, uses professional equipment and chemical 3. Ink/Ballpoint Pen preparations using steam, water, air, and vacuum. Steps Place paper towels under the fabric (enough to STEP 6: Pressing and Finishing absorb a good amount of moisture). - Garments are pressed to give those crisp clear pleats Saturate the stain with rubbing alcohol (70% and creases that signify a dry-cleaned garment. isopropyl) using a sponge. Garments are steam formed to restore body and shape Blot the area with a clean white cloth and observe and remove wrinkles. whether the stain is being transferred. - The final phase of dry-cleaning operations includes As an alternative, apply hairspray to the stain and finishing, pressing, steaming, ironing, and making any repeatedly dab at it with a crumpled ball of paper necessary repairs to restore the garment. This is the towels. It may take a bit of time, but hairspray is least mysterious process since most dry-cleaning very effective in getting out ink stains from clothes. stores have their professional finishing equipment in Rinse the area under cold running water and plain view of customers. Once the clothes are cleaned, machine wash on a regular cycle. they are pressed or "finished." 4. Grease STEP 7: Final Inspection and Packaging Steps: - Garments are given a final inspection and prepared Hold the stain under cold running water; use your for collection. fingers to gently rinse off as much grease as possible. LESSON 10 - STAIN REMOVAL AND CARE OF Apply decent amount of liquid dish soap to the stain TEXTILE and work it in using a soft toothbrush. Gently scrub STAIN the area in circular motions for a few minutes. - Stains are likely to spoil or damage the appearance Rinse off the soap thoroughly under running water of any attractive and clean articles, and something (avoid scrubbing here). must be done to remove them. COMMON TYPE OF STAINS  ‘ If the stain has not vanished completely, treat it with 8. Tea/Coffee an enzymatic stain remover and allow it to sit for 15 Steps: minutes. Sprinkle baking soda over wet stains to absorb Wash the clothing item on a hot cycle without colour left by the beverage. Give the powder at rinsing off the stain remover beforehand. least 5 minutes to work. 5. Sweat and other Bodily Fluids Hold the stain face down and run cold water Steps through the back of the fabric to push out as much Dampen the stain with water and blot the are with colour (from the stain) as possible. paper towels; some parts of the stain will get lifted After the baking soda has been rinsed out, use (especially if it is fresh). liquid dish detergent and a soft-bristled toothbrush Spot clean the stain with oxygenated bleach (if it is to scrub the stain (in a circular motion). suitable for the fabric in question). As an Rinse off and observe whether the stain has alternative, use a reliable enzymatic stain remover. disappeared; if not , treat it with an enzymatic stain Pour the product directly over the area and spread remover and toss in the wash for a regular cycle. it evenly to cover the entire stain. 9. Mud/Grass Allow the cleaner to saturate the stain for 15 Steps: minutes before gently scrubbing with a damp (soft- Place the stained item on a flat surface, preferably bristled) toothbrush. under a running fan to allow the mud/grass to dry Without rinsing the cleaner off, run the item through completely. a hot water cycle. Once dry, carefully scrape off debris using a plastic 6. Blood spoon or butterknife. Steps: Place paper towels underneath the stained part of Soak the clothing item in cold water while using the fabric. your finger to scrub away as much of the stain as Mix equal parts water and white vinegar; use this possible (replace the water immediately if it turns solution to saturate the stain and leave aside for 5 pink). minutes. Rinse the entire piece of clothing and gently Apply an enzymatic stain remover to the stain and squeeze out some of the water (avoid squeezing or wash the item on a regular cycle. wringing delicate fabrics as they may lose shape). If the stain persists, use diluted hydrogen peroxide Pour liquid laundry detergent over the stain and to pretreat the stain before machine washing it. surrounding area; allow it to saturate the stain for a Note: Always conduct a colour fastness test when minute. using vinegar or hydrogen peroxide on clothing. Rub the fabric together to remove whatever is left 10. Collar Dirt of the stain. Steps: Machine wash the clothing item on a regular cycle. Choose a shampoo that is formulated to combat Tip: Hydrogen peroxide is effective in removing oily hair; pour it over the stained area and rub the dried blood stains from clothes, however, it can fabric together. also fade some types of dyed fabrics; therefore, it Rinse the collar and repeat the process to really is advisable to test the product on an work the shampoo on the fabric. inconspicuous area before using it on the stain. After the second scrub, leave the item aside for 15 7. Lipstick minutes. Steps: Next, soak the collar in warm water for another 15 Use a plastic spoon to gently scrape off the top minutes. layer of the lipstick stain (while it is fresh). Machine wash on a regular cycle using a non- Lay down a bunch of paper towels and place the chlorine bleach detergent. stained area face down over them. STAIN REMOVAL TECHNIQUES Apply a powerful, grease-fighting dish soap product to the back of the fabric regardless of BRUSHING whether the stain has penetrated the material. - Used to remove dried stains and spots. Pour a small amount of water over the cleaner to - use a small, stiff-bristled brush for this dampen the material so that it saturates the stain. technique. Gently brush the back of the stain to work the - a toothbrush works well on small stains. cleaning agent into the fabric. Flip the item over and use a soft-bristled toothbrush FLUSHING to scrub the stain. - used to remove loosened staining materials and any residue from the stain-removed Give it a final rinse and apply a non-chlorine bleach detergent over whatever is left of the stain. agent. After 15 minutes, wash the clothing item on a - when flushing a stain, especially one on a regular cycle. Observe the affected are after the non-washable fabric, you need to control the garment has dried, if the stain persists, repeat the flow of water carefully. entire process. PRE-TREATING - used to ease the removal of small stains, especially those that are oily or greasy. - when you are pretreating a stain, you apply the stain-removing agent directly to the stained area. MORE STAIN REMOVAL TECHNIQUES PRE-SOAKING - useful and effective treatment for washable articles that are grayed, yellowed, or heavily stained. - You can presoak laundry in the washer or in a sink or tub. - Use warm water. - Sort the soiled items before presoaking; noncolor fast items should be soaked separately or with similar colors and for only a short time. SCRAPPING - can be used to lift off excess semisolid staining material and to loosen caked-on stains. - For your scraping tool use a dull knife, spoon, or spatula. - Don't press hard but move the edge of your scraping tool back and forth across the stain in short strokes. FREEZING - Some staining substances, such as candle wax and gum, can be hardened by the application of cold so that they are easier to remove. - To freeze a stain, hold one or more ice cubes against it SPONGING - One of the most frequently used methods of applying many stain-removing agents, including water.