Introduction to Enterprise Architecture PDF

Chapter 1: Introduction to Enterprise Architecture CIS 3203  Understand the Understand the Understand the purpose of elements of an EA elements of an EA Chapter EA. management pro...

Chapter 1: Introduction to Enterprise Architecture CIS 3203  Understand the Understand the Understand the purpose of elements of an EA elements of an EA Chapter EA. management program. documentation method. Objective s Understand differences to other analysis / planning approaches. Enterprise Definition An enterprise is a complex, socio-technical system that comprises interdependent resources of people, information, and technology that must interact with each other and their environment in support of a common mission. An organization or sub-activity whose boundary is defined by commonly held goals, processes, and resources. This includes whole organizations in the public, private, or non-profit sectors, part(s) of an organization such as business units, programs, and systems, or part(s) of multiple organizations such as consortia and supply chains Enterprise Definition  Interactions important to behavior - include such activities as coordination of functions, sharing of information, and allocation of resources.  socio-technical system - it involves people and technology.  open system - it interacts with its environment.  purposeful - it has goals that it works towards accomplishing. Organizations and Enterprises  Organizations and enterprises are similar in that they are both types of social entities that have a culture, a formal and informal structure, goals, activities, and resources.  The difference is that an enterprise(a more versatile concept ) can be defined as a subset of an organization or can involve multiple organizations. An Introduction to Enterprise Architecture – 3rd Edition-Scott A. Bernard Enterprise Definition  We use the term ‘enterprise’ because is encompasses all types of enterprises; Common Characteristics  All enterprises are systems, where a system is an integrated collection of components (people and technology).  All enterprises use resources, an important resource class is the people employed by the enterprise.  All enterprises produce a product, provide a service, or do both.  All enterprises have customers who receive the benefits of the product or service. What is architecture Activity: Read and watch the videos about Winchester Mansion owned by Sara Winchester.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Padm4JIt  ZPw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgFyPqK H6p0 What is architecture  Building Architecture  Suppose you talk to an architect to design a house  You tell them how many rooms and what rooms you like, windows, bathrooms, garden, etc...  You agree on a master plan, architect produce detailed specifications  The specification is used by engineers and builders.  You can communicate with the architect because you have a common language (e.g. room, staircase, etc..)  You know the function of those elements.  You and the architect use, mentally, an architectural model of a house.  The model is abstract, it purposely ignores many details. What is architecture Architecture is the fundamental organization of a system embodied in:  its components.  their relationships to each other and to the environment.  and the principle guiding its design and evolution. What is Architecture  Architecture gives physical form to the functions needed by the system. The collection of elements in the system. Form The configuration of those elements. The arrangement of the elements and how they are related to each other. What is Enterprise Architecture? Is this the enterprise Architecture? Include the checkout registers in the enterprise architecture? Include the supply chain process and distribution? What is Enterprise Architecture? Not just the computer software, hardware, and network. Need to analyze and design an enterprise in the context of its operations: The business processes. The organization. This B R O A D E R view leads to a better overall design. Enterprise Architecture  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDI2oF1 bASk Enterprise Architecture  Home Architecture Analogy: the  Building a house one room at a time without the blueprints for ability to the whole house can lead to a poor result. adapt easily to  It is analogous to developing organizations, business units, change. programs, and systems without an enterprise-wide architecture for reference, as duplication and inefficiency in resources, and a lack of overall agility can result.  Enterprise Architecture Is an overall, high-level design of the enterprise Through the analysis and documentation of an enterprise in its current and future states from an integrated strategy, business, and technology perspective. EA = S + B + T Enterprise Architecture = Strategy + Business + Technology. Why Enterprise Architecture? You cannot build this. in the same way you build this. Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain Why Enterprise Architecture?  An architecture provides a holistic design of the enterprise with which all enterprise projects must conform.  Guarantee’s design consistency towards the enterprise goals. Why Enterprise Architecture?  to get the most from business, technology, and human resources requires an enterprise to think in terms of enterprise-wide solutions, rather than individual systems and programs (Figure 1-1). Why Enterprise Architecture? commercial or  professional procedures that EA provides a strategy and business driven approach to policy, are accepted or decision-making, planning, and resource development that is useful to effective managers, p re sc and r ibsupport e d a s being correct or most ex e cu t iv e s, l in e.  staff. An enterprise-wide architecture should serve as an authoritative reference, source of standards for processes / resources, and provider of designs for future operating states.  Avoid waste and duplication in large, complex organizations.  It also resolves the “battle of best practices” and competition between sub- architectural domains which can be problematic for organizations that are trying to become for efficient.  Enables IT planning and development to create and deliver those products and services that accomplish the strategic goals of the enterprise. Does an EA refers to the successful changes? selling of a product or service in a specific market. It is measured by the amount of sales  We adjust EA because: volume of an existing good or service compared to the  Growth of the enterprise (organic, acquisition, total target market for that etc...) product or service  Changes in the in Advancements corporate strategies/goals (market technology. penetration rather than skimming).  We learnt how to do things better. The Enterprise Architecture Approach. https://www.youtube.c o m/watch?v=xotSIk6FoJ 4  The first core element is “Governance” which identifies the planning, decision-making, and Governance oversight processes and groups that will determine how the EA is developed and maintained, accomplished as part of an organization’s overall governance. Methodology The second core element is “Methodology” which are specific steps to establish and maintain an EA program, via the selected approach. The third core element is “Framework” which identifies the scope of the overall Framework architecture and the type and relationship of the various sub-architecture levels and threads. Not all frameworks allow for sub-domains or are able to integrate strategy, business, and technology planning.  The fourth core element is “Artifacts” which identifies the types and methods of Artifacts documentation to be used in each sub-architecture area, including strategic analyses, business plans, internal controls, security controls, and models of workflow, databases, systems, and networks. This core element also includes the online repository where artifacts are stored. The fifth core element is “Standards” which identify business and technology standards for Standards the enterprise in each domain, segment, and component of the EA. This includes recognized international, national, local, and industry standards as well as enterprise- specific standards. Best Practices The sixth core element is “Associated Best Practices” which are proven ways to implement parts of the overall architecture or sub-architectures, in context of the over-arching EA. Enterprise Architecture Activities:  EA is accomplished through a management program and an analysis and design method that is repeatable at various levels  of scope.  As a management program, EA provides:  Strategic Alignment: Connects goals, activities, and resources.  Standardized Policy: Resource governance and  implementation. Decision Support: Financial control and configuration management. Resource Oversight: Lifecycle approach to development/management.  As an analysis and design method, EA provides:  EA Approach: The framework, analysis/design method, and  artifact set. Current Views: Views of as-is strategies, processes,  and resources. Future Views: Views of to-be strategies,  processes, and resources. EA Management Plan: A plan to move from the current to the future EA. Basic elements of EA analysis and design method: The EA framework:  The framework creates an abstracted set of “views” of an enterprise through the way that it collects and organizes architecture information.  the EA3 Cube Framework™ the levels. The EA framework: the EA3 Cube Framework™ the levels of this example framework.  are hierarchical so that the different sub- architectures (that describe distinct functional areas) can be logically related to each other.  strategic goals/initiatives,  business products/services data/information flows.  supporting systems/applications.  technology/infrastructure. EA components:  EA components are changeable goals, processes, standards, and resources that may extend enterprise-wide or be contained within a specific line of business or segment. EA components: Vertical Component: A vertical component is a changeable goal, process, program, or resource (equipment, systems, data, etc.) that serves one line of business. Horizontal (Crosscutting) Component: A horizontal (or crosscutting) component is a changeable goal, process, program, or resource that serves several lines of business. Examples include email and administrative support systems that serve the whole enterprise. EA Management Plan:  provides descriptions of current and future views of the architecture, and a sequencing plan for managing the transition to the future business/technology operating environment.  The EA Management Plan is a living document that is essential to realizing the benefits of the EA as a management program. Threads:  EA documentation includes ‘threads’ of common activity that are present in all levels of the framework. These threads include IT- related security, standards, and skill considerations. The EA Repository:  is essentially a website and database that stores information and provides links to EA tools and other EA program resources. Summary:  EA is the one discipline that looks at systems holistically as well as provides a strategy and business context.  EA was described as being as both a management process and an analysis and design method.  EA helps enterprises with business and technology planning, resource management, and decision-making. Class Exercise:  Imagine that you want to start a business.  You will need to set up how the business will do various  tasks. For example I want to set up a private school.  There are a number of tasks that my employees will have to do in order for the school to run efficiently and profitably.  One of the tasks is how the teachers will record the quiz mark. Class Exercise: Imagine that you want to start a business. You will need to set up how the business will do various tasks. For example I want to set up a private school. There are a number of tasks that my employees will have to do in order for the school to run efficiently and profitably. One of the tasks is how the teachers will record the quiz mark. Bakery – ordering flour from suppliers. Hospital – Creating an account for a new patient. Taxi Company – booking a taxi for a customer. Cleaning Company – Sending a maid to a customer’s 3 8