Clinical Immunology - Lec 9 PDF

@hu5ks CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Medical laboratory Channel ID : @hu5ks To order and inquiry : @Hu_5ks 50% OFF HU_5KS https://t.me/hu5ks Clinical Immunol...

@hu5ks CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Medical laboratory Channel ID : @hu5ks To order and inquiry : @Hu_5ks 50% OFF HU_5KS https://t.me/hu5ks Clinical Immunology/ Lec 9 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease of the liver that results in chronic injury to the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. The gradual inflammatory destruction of the bile ducts causes cholestasis with the subsequent retention of toxins, inciting further hepatic injury and resulting in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventual liver failure.. ‫ ﯾﺘﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺪﻣﯿﺮ اﻻﻟﺘﮭﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮات‬.‫( ھﻮ ﻣﺮض ﻣﻨﺎﻋﻲ ذاﺗﻲ ﯾﺼﯿﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ وﯾﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﮫ إﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺰﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﻈﮭﺎرة اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﯾﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ‬PBC) ‫ﺗﻠﯿﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوي اﻷوﻟﻲ‬.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﺪﯾﺔ وﯾﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﻠﯿﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ وﺗﻠﯿﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ وﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف‬،ً‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪوث رﻛﻮد ﺻﻔﺮاوي ﻣﻊ اﺣﺘﺒﺎس اﻟﺴﻤﻮم ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‬ It is most common in women over the age of 50. The ratio of affected women to men has been reported to be as high as 9:1.‫إﻧﮫ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﯿﻮﻋﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻓﻮق ﺳﻦ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﯿﻦ‬.9:1 ‫ﺗﻢ اﻹﺑﻼغ ﻋﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ‬. ١ Causes : The cause of the disease is unknown, but research indicates that there is immunological basis for the disease, making it an autoimmune disorder..‫ ﻣـﻤﺎ ﯾـﺠﻌﻠﮫ اﺿـﻄﺮاﺑـﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻟـﻤﻨﺎﻋـﺔ اﻟـﺬاﺗـﯿﺔ‬،‫ وﻟـﻜﻦ اﻷﺑــﺤﺎث ﺗﺸـﯿﺮ إﻟـﻰ وﺟـﻮد أﺳـﺎس ﻣـﻨﺎﻋـﻲ ﻟـﻠﻤﺮض‬،‫ﺳـﺒﺐ اﻟـﻤﺮض ﻏـﯿﺮ ﻣـﻌﺮوف‬ Most of the patients (>90%)seem to have anti-mitochondria antibodies (AMAs) against pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2), an enzyme complex that is found in the inner mitochondria membrane. Molecular mimicry is the most widely proposed explanation as to the induction of autoimmunity in PBC. Briefly, a host is infected with a microorganism that contains antigens similar to antigens present in the host. These microbial antigens induce an immunologic response when presented to the immune system of the host. As a result, what began as a pathogen-specific response then cross-reacts with the host antigens and results in tissue injury and disease. PDC-) ‫( ﺿـﺪ ﻣـﺮﻛـﺐ ﻧـﺎزﻋـﺔ ھـﯿﺪروﺟـﯿﻦ اﻟـﺒﯿﺮوﻓـﺎت‬AMAs) ‫( ﻟـﺪﯾـﮭﻢ أﺟـﺴﺎم ﻣـﻀﺎدة ﻣـﻀﺎدة ﻟـﻠﻤﯿﺘﻮﻛـﻮﻧـﺪرﯾـﺎ‬٪90