CLIN MIC PDF

- Strasinger Hubbard...

- Strasinger Hubbard ·. Shuld Brunzel Polansky · Turgeon Henry's Graff's · Boa LAB DIRECTOR ANNUALLY nfections Agent eservoir (Source) source originteazin [ Xit portal Mode of Transmission ode of Transmission Susceptible Host utry portal symbol usceptible Host * BREAK THE CHAIN = Prevention Measure BEST WAY to break the chain of infection * Infection Agent ↳ = No prevention Measure * Hand Hygiene = present in all SWEAT (regardless of the presence/absence of blood) NOT REQUIRED HAND WASHING (Hospital) Standard Precautions transmission Based precations J way infection - t UNIVERAL = no tisue specimen HAND CONTACT ALCOHOL-BASED CLEANSERS 20 seconds DOWNWARD HAND WASHING FRICTION Turn off Faucets 2 HAPPY BIRTHDAY JONGS #A , HeHANDWASHSe ELEMENTS OF HANDWASHING 1st Step of Handwashing Temm = Wet hands wi Warm Water : tapid (Not to Cold (1+0 ) +  URINE RED/ YELLOW CODING INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCE FLOURESCENT ORANGE DAILY ⑭ concentrate NON-BIOLOGICALLY HAZARDOUS WASTE (AB JINk = disinfect PAL CAB COUNTER-top = after every workshift in a · islab RED , PUNCTURE-RESISTANT LEAKPROOF CONTAINER WI BIOHAZARD SYMBOL , , NOT EXCEED 3/4 full POST- EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS = 3-6 months line across it Syringe w) = Skull w/Crossbone. At least 15 min. NEUTRALIZE CHEMICALS Q: Immediate 1st Aid for Acid-burns on skin ? Sodium Bicarbonate = Running Water Q: Best-solution for Gramstain ingyas = CRYING * BORIC ACID of = component eyedrops solution O * * ACID H2O TO to WATER = AUD = EXPLOSION BLUSATABThing Toweet similar [ Acute Health Hazards (can't be applicable for benzene)  Concentration >1 % Every 3 YEARS > - · 1 = most sever · y = less severe Act & Chronic Hazards Disposal Consideration Exposure Control/Personal Protection Harmful Fatal / Toxic 10 Half-lives for= adioiodine 125 - I PHILIPPINE NUCLEAR RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ONRI) grounded w/ 3-pronged Plugs  explosion - proof refrigerators at least annually NO/MINIMAL HAZARD SLIGHT HAZARD MODERATE HAZARD " " SERIOUS EXTREME/SEVERE" HALOGENS "NO SMS EXES" -not put them together Oxidizers - 8 Bomb molotor Weapons - , , of Fire Combination most common ↑ ↓ ② Liquid Nitrogen Destroyencture (cancer) Hardest to implement/most Effective usether. - Implement/least Effectin ( Easiest to HAND WASH-sign change  BLACK GREEN YELLOW RED YELLOW W/ BLACK BAND ORANGE QUALITY MANAGEMENT (QM) QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (QMS) ~ S ↓ · Test order = release CYTOCENMIFUGE pethomStrobe little BIOSAFEM airflow QC Ang = DAILY WEEKLY BIWELLY TACHOMETER STOPWATCH STROBE LIGHT MONTHLY EVERY 3 MONIS ANNUALLY NaCI 7 % Sucrose 9 % NaCl 5%  Ab found in HumurBa Callibration & testing laboratories PATIENT CARE Quality Laboratory Practices Assess own competence protective clothing Post instruments (Glucometer) BIOSAFE · e ct People from Bad Biorisk Management Standard (Biosafety & Biosecurity) pathogen · BIOSECRITY = Protect Pathogen from Bad People for SAFETY Requirements toeneral screening Edwin Smith Papyrs EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS Albuminuria pisse prophets THOMAS BRYANT CADDIS COUNT) RICHARD BRIGHT IVAN FOLLING Fluid Cerebrospinal -I incomema m ARCHIBALD GARROD Cystine Calculi COMPONENT found in CHILDREN Q : URINE A : Fuscin (found in candies) A) Hematic Fun of solids 60g organicuni O ② < 400mc/ day in adults advits < 500m//a4 his in Grs. 1100m2/al NOCTURIA S6(1 018. Sot Glucose T ADHV = rine volume SON from light andCOLORA protect 31 to wide mouthI wide bottom 4 cm to 5cm 50 mL to 100 mL 10-15 mL DO NOT ATTACH LABEL ON LID  ideally w/in 30 minutes 120 min= if no "ideally" word AS SOON AS THE URINE IS VOIDED T MAIPURPOSEOFRENAR PH Bacteria odor Nitrite PROTEIN 4 PBaOn = most important element > Batterineas - = others to for t vrine culture SEROTONN = from Theptophan Chrproxy indole Acetic Acid) * Steroids & Homroves * And can preserve oring EXCELLENT SEDIMENT PRESERVATIVE  ↑ Best all-around Preservative (Turgeon] - Steroid Hormones ALDOSTERONE , CORTISOL IOmL CN HC With prior hydration & exercise 5 min by Skipping/jumping (baberes insipidus) · Urine created during sleeping - Must void before sleeping 31 , Wit [ For Addis count screen for microalbuminuria M 12 im TRA GreenleayVegetar = Wha 2 om = Nitrite & Nitrite (-) TIME COLLECTION to errors = prome Diabetic screening/monitoring CATHER In * PURPLEDISCORATIONIN = Avoid FECAL CONTAM.  O 10x of the 1st glass - INVALID urethritis use VB1 Cystitis use VB2 prostitis More than 10 to 20 WBC per HPF infection pyelonephritis Kidney = · ** 30 45 ML - 60ms (Random Urine Aver = 50) (24 hr Urine = 3) 32. 5. to 37 7. = also known as "Chain of Evidence" > 9 0. suggests advlteration URINE KIDNEY of plasma ultrafiltrate = Filler blood = HitDonatae Total = plasia > - 300-350 m/ smallest that functions as a unit organ a TYPES [ ↳ Removal ofH20 OUTPUT 25 % TOTAL CARDIAC (ApproachingGomesus) Plasma 1200 mL/min e 600-700 ml/min Gomemious) unkout (Exiting the - B! VASA RECTA  v GLOMMUL BLOOD ENTERS  working portion < 70 , 000 Daltons RESEMBLES A SIEVE *We SeeAluminseegativity (?) tileset Passthe a - S6 = 1 010. (Isosthetic) Albumin SPLIT DIAPHRASM USE of as a filter = acts Shield of Negativity W J 7 35 7 45 pH = -.. AMPHOTERIC NATURE 160 < 160 mg/dL 60 % # se product > - from protein breakdown break down UricAvid-Prvive breakdown creative - muscle 770k Dalton * proximal convolved tobuse (OCT) ↓ pH = At ions ACIDIC ALKALINE Original Reference Method Earliest GFR Test O C similar structure to creatinine = Prone to Error laun urine) Area Are. Body Surface ↓ final answer mu/hr · = To correct Body Surface Area  Vol I Urine KIDNEY ↓ NEPHRON HYPOTHALAMUS ↓ ADH = Normal RECEPTOR (Collecting Duct) production of ADH · in problem ↓ ADH · No * of ADH k No production & ↑ Urine Volume 20 : 1 ↓ ↓ Bicarb carbonic  Lumin = > - Q Samplefore : END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE O Al Osmolality a (motu => FACONS & # of Molecules MOSENTHAL CONCENTRATION TEST FISHBERG CONCENTRATION TEST  w temperate a called "density" varies SIZE = as os molarity =. COLATEPROPERTIES ① Free ⑧ Vapes INVERSELY INVERSELY & osmolality Smount of solute = molea side & of comeofUne norms affected by HydratedX DiNEC concentrated Reference Method ↓ Type I st & will UROCHROME UROERYTHRIN UROBILIN  T of CD Hypothalamus Receptor XADH ↑ VV ↑VV ADH = = Initial osmolality ↓ = It ↓ ismolality = ↓ So Initial DESMOPRESSIN ① External ADH = UVL Ext. ADH = ↑U ↑ ↓  O soda-colored/lola-colored Urine ⑧ * O Drummond's Syndrome/HauthapSyndrome O to Black Brown  NEWSPAPER RNINT NABEIU (AE CLEAR HAZY (slightly Cordy) COUDY TURBID MILICY Q: Cloudy Urine after Soluble w/ Heat meal soluble O A : Amorphous Phosphate ↳ I +long from crine Insoluble (ALKALINE TIDE] for acidity soluble in Ether to digest food = ma BASIC ANG URINE Q: Milky Urine from nyr. old woman A : WBC 1. 015-1 030. - 1-020 1 016-1 022.. ↓ latrogenic substances 20 % SPINNING MOTION Solution Potassium Sulfate -  (Abnormal solutes) git Y multipl the Subtht Wh.Add 7 e Dont 15 X3 = D > - So · + 0 001. (3 +) 36 : 1. 025 56 : 1 02l. ⑭ IRIS ① Light Scatter ② Impedance ③ Fluorescence IRIs Slideless Microscope hettehemometa er temp 1: 000 ① 0. 001 ↓ 31. NaCl (0 513m) · 1. 022 7% NaCl (1 198m). 1. 034 Aromatic/Faintly Proteus UVI Purgent Smell = *. Smell Diarrhea Frity = * Total Solids Meter = Refractometer Abnormal solutes · Correct Chemical Ryt Strip it G Nocorrection. · So = 1 015 :  AROMATIC Rat FISH ROTTING/ OLD Asparagus Acute Tubular Necrosis (Acte Renal Failure CHEM STRIPS daveMemstic ↳ Each pad has estimate values GOOD LIGHT SOURCE - HORIZONTALLY NOT interchangeable moisture build up prevent (control must resemble the sample (NORMAL SAMPLE) Butn a Not measuring 5o directly * We measure thH e instead ↳ from me procedure/treatment &  PHtons whisremo aa Atoms Hydrogen 1st element in in a # of protons = = Periodictaba solution the measure this neutron A affects #+ ↑ Albumin = - Polyelectrolyte C- Ht AUDIC many = 5 0-6.. 0.5 4 - 8 0. Nbuar secretion Nitrate Crystals = monohydrate form (CaOX) 12 indicator = Double Indicator system) Bacterial Infection - - *AbnormalssthSee Renal Diseases (early detection) I ISBBBOOKGROUP Casual ↳ shows mixed-field Rxn ↓ Neutralize in uring · Neutralized form in Sid Ag in orine INTERFERENCE · HISH ALKALINE URINE * 56 : False Neg. · HIGHLY BUFFERED UHINE * Phenazopyradine/Highly Pigmented Urine * Plotin : False ⑰ HIGH SPECIFIC GRAVITY = · SPX · PRESENCE OF IMPROPER PRESERVED ↑ SG Presented Urine improperly  Disease * NO Kidney cause of pre-venal > - Most common · Most Significant Cars = MULTIPLE MYROMA Signatu ht portion Bence-Jones - of protinna , 100 % 40° 60%- (turbia) # BETA-GAMMA BRIDGING - · = Hepatic Cirrhosis = Can : IgA = NON MATHOLOG (PSeudo-B-6 Listenia = ALBUMIN natde Enzyme Immunoassay Immunochromographics/Lateral Flow Immunoassay Activity of Copper-Creatinine Complexes Pseudoperoxidase O Always standing First Wid Urine ; 6-8 mrs. ① ⑪ ⑦  Hypersens It. Chmoromphritis = - >ver Fistration & Blue- > yellow (Albumin) HS = Accepts D On-somen to nephritis ↳qStarred-blood comes out = Destroyed = Albumin gold out (stras) Strs] * * Mimonze  SSA = For At protisas ①MIN & FALSE substances latrogenic ⑦ ⑪ 5. = Famoni leabsorp. Defective tubvian ↑ bid N Urine = 8th wrong w/ filtration Mostimpo unthinese 2x Enzyme Redux run - crodide) ↑ Reduction YOYO InMra THE m ⑦ ⑦ - ⑧G ↑ Pa- sin of the Detect volatile · Ketones = Highly purple O O  Oxidation Test [ & - ↓ Haptoglobin ↑ CK & Aldolase ↓ ande ⑦ -Brom wortseine · -or amount Aston O = spec. for B2 1 O Actore = Acetic-Aceto And 10 mg(dL URO Graveyard spren Young NBC Conj - Direct B2 - inice Bil. Ercowonide-water sul - ↳ if used w/ Ret Strip 4 No color ( "gray") Normal ·  (Denser) (less Dense) PORPHOBILINOGEN EHRLICH-REACTIVE UROBILI/PORPHOBILI EXCESS UROBILINOGEN e UROBILINOGEN a bilin be r T RedEntire stays yellow ⑳ but a - Coming superin mi Of extracted O found in Urine ↓ can inhibit vrobilinogen (PURPLE STAINING) - 2TOTA : Diazoni sa intermediate print ) * source of Nitric Veget = 1st