Basics of Infection Control PDF

Basics of Infection Control Dr. Nihar Dash College of Medicine University of Sharjah Nihar Dash@UOS 1  Objectives What principles Basic is infectionofcontrol andcontrol infection why it is required. Cha...

Basics of Infection Control Dr. Nihar Dash College of Medicine University of Sharjah Nihar Dash@UOS 1  Objectives What principles Basic is infectionofcontrol andcontrol infection why it is required. Chain of transmission and how to break the chain Standard precautions Hand hygiene Personal Protective Equipment Sterilization and Disinfection - will be covered in a separate session Cough etiquette Transmission based precautions Disposal of sharp and medical waste Exposure control plan Nihar Dash@UOS 2 Definition Infection control refers to policies, procedures and actions used to minimize the risk of spreading infections (disease agents), especially in health care facilities Health care workers can take steps to prevent the spread of infectious diseases Nihar Dash@UOS 3 They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients. Hand hygiene is the most effective methods to prevent transmission of pathogens associated with health care. 2 tiers of precautions to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings: Standard Precautions and Transmission-Based Precautions. Nihar Dash@UOS 4 Chain of Transmission of Infection Nihar Dash@UOS 5 Nihar Dash@UOS 6 Infection control practices Standard Precautions Hand Hygiene Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Needle stick and Sharps Injury Prevention Cleaning and Disinfection Respiratory Hygiene (Cough Etiquette) Waste Disposal Safe Injection Practices Nihar Dash@UOS 7 Standard precautions Standard precautions are guidelines that were established to break the chain of infection and reduce the risk of pathogen transmission Standard precautions apply to blood and body fluids, secretions and excretions (except sweat), no intact skin, and mucous membranes Following standard precautions not only protects healthcare workers, but also patients. Nihar Dash@UOS 8 Standard Precautions Nihar Dash@UOS 9 The hands are the most Hand hygiene is a important vehicle of simple yet MOST transmission of pathogens effective way to Especially in healthcare prevent infections settings Nihar Dash@UOS 10 Hand Hygiene Rub your hand with Alcohol based Sanitizer Wash your hand with Soap and Water Hand wash is a must if your hands Hand sanitizers are NOT effective against are visibly dirty or greasy germs like norovirus, Cryptosporidium, and Clostridium difficile, as well as chemicals Nihar Dash@UOS 11 Nihar Dash@UOS 12  Put enough sanitizer on your hands to cover all surfaces Rub your hands together until they feel dry (this should take around 20 seconds). Nihar Dash@UOS 13 5 Steps and 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene On average, healthcare providers clean their hands less than half of the times they should Nihar Dash@UOS 14 When to wear PPE – Personal Protective Equipment Gloves should be worn when touching blood, body fluids, non intact skin, mucous membranes, and contaminated items, and for any activities involving vascular access A face mask and goggles should be worn if you anticipate a splash or spray of blood or body fluids that might come in contact with your nose, eyes, or mouth If you expect your skin or clothing might be exposed to body fluids or blood, wear a gown Knowing how to put on and remove PPE can help prevent cross-contamination Nihar Dash@UOS 15 Sequence for Donning PPE Gown first Mask or respirator Goggles or face shield Gloves Nihar Dash@UOS 16 Sequence for removing PPE Face shield Mask or Gloves Gown or goggles respirator Nihar Dash@UOS 17 Nihar Dash@UOS 18  Objectives What principles Basic is infectionofcontrol andcontrol infection why it is required. Chain of transmission and how to break the chain Standard precautions Hand hygiene Personal Protective Equipment Cough etiquette Transmission based precautions Disposal of sharp and medical waste Exposure control plan Nihar Dash@UOS 19 Transmission-based precautions Transmission-based precautions are used in addition to standard precautions when the standard precautions aren't enough to protect you from communicable disease transmission There are three types of transmission-based precautions: Airborne Droplet Contact Nihar Dash@UOS 20 Airborne – Particle size < 5 micron Required for Tuberculosis Measles Varicella or chicken pox Smallpox Infection control measure required: Negative pressure room HEPA filters – for incoming and discharge air Respiratory protection for HCWs – N95 mask Nihar Dash@UOS 21 Droplet -Particle size > 5 micron Nesseria meningitidis Influenza COVID-19 Required for; Plague Diphtheria H.influenzae infection Sterp pharyngitis Infection control Patient in private room HCWs use mask when within 3 feet (1 meter)of patient measures Universal standard precaution required Nihar Dash@UOS 22 Contact Precaution Required for; C. difficle Rota HBV HIV RSV HERPES Wash hand/wear gloves Cohort patient Nihar Dash@UOS 23 Proper disposal of sharps & waste Be careful when handling needles, scalpel and other sharps Do not recap, bend or break Put them in sharp disposal dispenser Nihar Dash@UOS 24 Exposure control plan Another way to reduce the risk of acquiring infection is to have a exposure control plan. Components of exposure control plan Determination of exposure – who is at risk HBV vaccination PPE Post exposure management – Ig and vaccine Compliance monitoring Record keeping Training and education Nihar Dash@UOS 25 References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC Medical Microbiology – Murray – 8th Edition Nihar Dash@UOS 27 Nihar Dash@UOS 28