Climate Change PDF

CLIMATE UNDERSTANDING, CAUSES, IMPACTS GROUP 5 LOYALTY What is Climate?  What is Climate? Think of climate as the average weather of a particular area in a long period of time A place that is normally hot and warm like in the Philippines has its fair share of the rainy season, that means the Phi...

CLIMATE UNDERSTANDING, CAUSES, IMPACTS GROUP 5 LOYALTY What is Climate?  What is Climate? Think of climate as the average weather of a particular area in a long period of time A place that is normally hot and warm like in the Philippines has its fair share of the rainy season, that means the Philippines has a tropical Climate tand has different types of climates Climate is determined by two basic factors: temperature and precipitation CONCEPT MAP CLIMATE is determined by PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE affected by affected by prevailing Mountain Presence of Ranges LATITUDE ALTITUDE winds ocean currents Precipitation any form of water—liquid or solid—that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. includes rain, snow, sleet, hail, and drizzle. For precipitation to form, cloud droplets must grow in volume by one million times, the two natural factors that affect to amount of precipitation in an area are: PREVAILING WINDS MOUNTAIN RANGES Prevailing Winds Are winds that consistently blow from a specific direction over a particular region or area. Different prevailing winds tend to carry different amounts of moisture, affecting the amount of precipitation a region receives Warm air holds more moisture than cool air when warm air rises, it cools up, making the moisture fall as precipitation as when it falls down it becomes warmer Mountain Ranges long, connected chains or clusters of mountains formed by geological processes. Acts as a barrier for prevailing winds Windward side the side of the mountain facing the wind, which recieves moist air and has more precipitation Leeward side the side of the away from the wind, which has little precipitation and a dry climate. Temperature Temperature depends on the amount of energy received from the sun based on the angle and location at which sunlight strikes Earth. Earth’s climates can be divided into general zones based on the temperature: polar, tropical, and temperate. Temperature in these zones is determined by latitude, altitude, and ocean currents. Latitude A measure of the distance north and south of the equator. Areas at the equator (0° latitude) receive direct rays of the sun. Thus, the areas near the equator have warm climates. Areas farther from the equator recieve less suns ray therefore these areas have cool climates.  Altitude The elevation or distance above the mean sea level. Sea level is the level of the sea at a particular time. Pressure also changes with altitude. As you move up the atmosphere, air pressure decreases rapidly. At lower altitudes where air density is greatest, Ocean currents A stream of current that flows in a definite path ocean currents may be warm or cold Warm oceans currents originate in the equator Cold water currents travels towards the equator  Climate types in the Philippines https://hodgepodgestuff.wordpress.com/ The Philippines only has two seasons Dry and Wet because it is in Tropical Zone 4 types of climate, based on the following factors: Presence or absence of the dry season Type of rainfall The maximum rain period.  Climate types in the Philippines Two Pronounced Seasons 1st Climate Type: There are Regions in the 2 distinct seasons–the dry western part of Luzon, and the wet. The dry Mindoro season is from November Occidental, Negros provi to April; the wet season nces, and Palawan have occurs during the rest of the this type of climate year.  Climate types in the Philippines No pronounced dry season 2nd Climate Type: There is no Eastern Mindanao, pronounced dry season. Catanduanes, Some rains fall throughout the Sorsogon, year. eastern part of Albay The parts of the Philippines province, that experience this type of eastern and northern climate include a great parts of Camarines Norte portion of and Camarines Sur.  Climate types in the Philippines Seasons are not very pronounced Southern and Central Cebu, 3rd Climate Type: Wet eastern part of Palawan, and dry seasons are not western part of Cagayan, Isabela, pronounced. It Nueva Vizcaya, is relatively dry from Eastern Mountain Province, November to April, Southern Quezon, Masbate, and relatively wet Romblon, during the rest of the year. Northern Panay, Eastern Negros.  Climate types in the Philippines Rainfall is evenly distributed most of Central, Eastern, and southern Mindanao, Western Leyte, 4th Climate Type: Rainfall is Northern Cebu, more or less evenly distributed Batanes, Northeastern Luzon, Southwestern Camarines Norte, throughout the year. western part of Camarines Sur, Albay, Marinduque, Western Leyte, Northern Cebu, Bohol. Global climate phenomenom large-scale patterns and events that affect the Earth's climate system, such as El Niño, La Niña, and the greenhouse effect. These phenomena influence global weather patterns, temperatures, and precipitation, impacting ecosystems, agriculture, and human activities worldwide. El Niño Strikes when the winds that cause upwelling fail to blow The warm air stays stationary from the warm water causing a kind of “heat wave” Happens with very little warning every 2-7 years La Niña phenomenon that is the opposite of El Niño. It occurs when sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become cooler than usual. cooler-than-normal ocean temperatures in the Pacific Greenhouse effect natural process that warms the Earth's surface. It occurs when certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, Greenhouse gases absorb and redirect heat radiated known as greenhouse by Earth, insulating it from gases, trap heat from the heat loss to space Sun. Natural Causes of Climate Change Major climate changes are caused by three natural factors  slow drifting of the continents Continental drift concept introduced by Alfred Wegener in the early 20th century all continents were once part of a supercontinent called Pangaea leads to the formation of mountain ranges, ocean basins, and the rearrangement of landmasses. also contributes to natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of oceanic trenches. gradual movement of the Earth's continents across the planet's surface, driven by the underlying forces of plate tectonics.  changes in the sun’s energy output Solar Variability fluctuations in the amount of Short term energy the Sun emits over time. the solar cycle. Increased solar activity during solar maximum can slightly raise fluctuates over short (11-year global temperatures, while periods of solar cycles) and long (millions to reduced solar activity during solar minimum billions of years) timescales. can lead to slight cooling. short-term variations in solar activity can influence Earth’s Long term The Little Ice Age (roughly 1300-1850) climate slightly coincided with a period of reduced solar Over longer timescales, activity known as the Maunder Minimum, variations in solar energy output which may have contributed to cooler can contribute to larger climate temperatures on Earth. shifts.  variations in the position of earth in relation to the sun Milankovitch cycles Eccentricity : Axial Tilt: Precession: (Orbital Shape) (Obliquity) (Wobble of Earth’s Axis) Cycle: 100,000 years Cycle: 41,000 years Cycle: 26,000 years Effect: Changes in Effect: Variations in Effect: Changes in Earth's orbit from Earth’s tilt (22.1°– the orientation of circular to elliptical, 24.5°), influencing Earth’s axis, shifting affecting the distance seasonal severity. the timing of from the Sun and the Greater tilt = more seasons and intensity of seasons. extreme seasons, affecting seasonal smaller tilt = milder contrasts. seasons.