World War II Notes PDF
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These notes cover the causes of World War II, focusing on the roles of various countries and important events. They explore the political and economic factors behind the war's beginnings.
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ame:______________________________ N Date/Hour:_________________________ Unit 8: WWII Note Packet I. auses of WWII C a. The World Becomes Unstable 1. What event...
ame:______________________________ N Date/Hour:_________________________ Unit 8: WWII Note Packet I. auses of WWII C a. The World Becomes Unstable 1. What event put countries all over the world in desperate situations? The Great Depression 2. Why did countries turn to totalitarian (dictatorships) governments? People wanted solutions for their economic problems . What effect did dictators have on world political and economic systems? 3 Destabilizing the world political and economic systems b. U SSR 4. How did Joseph Stalin (first country to become Communist) come to power? He took over Vladimir Lenin in 1924 5. What was Stalin’s goal for the USSR? Stalinaccelerated the USSR’s industrialization process 6. What did Stalin do with people who resisted his policies? Sent to political prisons in Siberia or summarily executed 7. How many Soviets did Stalin have killed during The Purge/Great Terror? Over 10 million of his own citizens 8. Why were neighbors of the USSR suspicious of them? ussia had already annexed many countries to create the borders of the R Soviet Union c. Italy 9. What is fascism (Italy)? A right-wing political ideology that put the needs of the State before the individual 10.How did Benito Mussolini come to power? He power at the request of the Italian King in 1922 11.What effects did the Great Depression have on Italy? ffects of the Great Depressioncaused the breakdownof the rule of E law, Italy’s political system had broken down andthe country seemed on the break of chaos 12.How did Mussolini change Italian society? – P ositively – Mussolinirestored order to the country by providing jobs through the nationalization of certain industries – N egatively – Mussolinilimited rights by taking over the press and eliminated all political parties except for his d. G ermany 13.What made the Great Depression worse for Germany? Germany’s economic problems during the Great Depression were compounded by the fact they had topay reparationsaccording to the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI 14.What is a coup? an attempt to take over a government 15.What ideas did Hitler write about in Mein Kampf? In the bookhe blamed Germany’s problems on the Treatyof Versailles and Jews 16.How did Hitler come to power? As leader of the Nazi Party Hitler and then he became Chancellor in 1933 17.How did Hitler increase the power of his office? He asked and received more power from the German Parliament in order to repair German pride and improve the economy 18.What were Hitler’s most popular policies? *ignored the Treaty of Versailles by building up the military *Put in place anti-Semitic, anti-Jewish laws *Put Germans back to work through public works projects e. J apan 19.What was militarism (Japan)? increased political power of the military 20.How did Hideki Tojo come to power (explain the popular military strategy to address problems of the depression)? Japanese supported military efforts to attain natural resources as a means to improve the Japanese economy 21.Where did Japan invade in 1931? Manchuria, China 22.By the end of the 1930s did it seem that Japanese expansion was finished? No, Japan looked to other places in southeast Asia to invade as well as islands in the Pacific that the US protected f. E vents Leading to the Outbreak of WWII 23.How did the League of Nations react to aggressive actions from several countries? The League of Nations was unable to confront any of the aggressive behaviors, especially with the US not a member 24.In what country did Germany and Italy support fascist rebels? Germany and Italy sent military aid to Fascist supporters in Spanish Civil War 25.What were Hitler’s territorial goals? Hitler had the goal of uniting all German speaking Europeans and regaining lost territory from the Treaty of Versailles 26.What was the Anschluss? A union between Germany and Austria, came in 1938 when Hitler sent in the German military to Austria 27.Why did Hitler annex the Sudetenland? It was a German-speaking area of Czechoslovakia 28.What policy inspired the Munich Pact? Appeasement: giving concessions in exchange for peace 29.How did Hitler first violate the Munich Pact in the spring of 1939? By annexing the rest of Czechoslovakia 30.What was the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact? Germany and the USSR promised not to attack each other and secretly agreed to attack and split Poland 31.Why did WWII begin on September 1, 1939? Germany invaded Poland 32.Fill out the initial combatants in WWII: Allied Axis Great Britain ermany G France Italy Japan II. Causes of US entry into WWII 33.What was FDR stance at the outset of the war? FDR proclaimed neutrality for the US 34.What did the Neutrality Acts increasingly do that didn’t match the title of the law? They increasingly included clauses that aided the Allied Powers 35.What was the cash-and-carry policy? Was for Allied merchants to get supplies from US on their own ships and pay with cash, rather than accumulate large war debts again 36.Why was the Lend-Lease Act necessary? GB and USSR needed our help in fighting Germany. 37.What was the Lend-Lease Act? It allowed FDR to transfer defense equipment and other forms of aid including money to Allied nations 38.How would US be an “arsenal for democracy”? US would stay out of the war but aid democratic nations who were fighting dictatorships 39.What was the Atlantic Charter? A document that endorsed national self-determination and an international system of “general security” 40.Why did Hitler order his U-Boats to attack US warships? Germany wanted to stop the US from supplying Great Britain with arms 41.What was FDR’s response? FDR responded with a “shoot on sight” policy toward German U-Boats 42.When did the US place an embargo of strategic material to Japan? In 1940,once Japan joined an alliance with Germany and Italy 43.What was the greatest threat to Japan’s plans for expansion into the Pacific? The US naval fleet stationed out of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii was the biggest threat to Japan’s naval power in the Pacific as it looked to expand to take over other Pacific islands 44.Why did Germany and Japan think they would benefit from an attack at Pearl Harbor that would bring the US into the war? Germany –US resources wouldn’t be diverted to GB and France Japan –without a navy, would be no threat to Japan 45.What were US casualties on Dec. 7, 1941? 2,500 Americans died. Damaged or sunk, 8 battleships, 3 destroyers, 388 aircraft 46.What types of ships were unharmed during the attack on Pearl Harbor? Aircraft carriers 47.How did the attack on Pearl Harbor unsuccessful for the Axis? Aircraft carriers –all four US aircraft carrierswere out that day, so none were harmed S Industrial capacity – The Axis Powers also underestimated US U industrial capacity, whichquickly more than madeup for what was lost 48.Fill out the chart of the final combatants of WWII: Allied Axis Great Britain Germany France Italy US Japan USSR III. Mobilization and the Home front 49.What demonstrated best the fact that FDR wanted the US to be ready for war when it came? September, 1940 – Selective Service Act for the first ever peacetime draft 50. How many Americans served in WWII? 16 million American participants 51.Why was it important for the WAC (Women’s Auxiliary Corps) to be a part of the army not just an auxiliary corps? so they received military benefits 52.What was created to make sure the government was getting what it needed for the war? FDR created the Office of War Mobilization (OWM) 53.What were cost-plus contracts? Cost-plus contracts became a way to convince corporations to do business with the government. The government promised to pay the production cost of a product plus a 10 % of that cost as guaranteed profit 54.What effect did the cost-plus contracts have? Production doubled. The US outproduced the Axis powers all together. 55.What was the unemployment rate by 1944? 1.2% 56.Why was there another wave in the Great Migration? Women and minorities were hired to fill in jobs that normally were not open to them 7.What role did Rosie the Riveter play in getting women to work in factories? 5 Women were often inspired by the “Rosie the Riveter” a character who was created to fight the cultural norm that women weren’t meant to do physical laborand asymbol for the campaign to hire women during the wartime labor shortage 58.How did US industrial production compare to the Axis Powers? US production rates were double that of The Axis Power put together 59.Why was propaganda used for during WWII? To help keep the war popular, make sure national resources were being properly used and to help pay for the war 60.What happened to the US debt during WWII? The national debt went from $42 billion in 1939 to $269 billion in 1945 61.How was the war funded? -Taxes were raised -Bond drives were held to encourage people to buywar bonds, certificates that promised a return on the investment plus interest which helped the government pay for the war 62.What does it mean to ration? limit the amount something is used 63.Why were rationing, coupon books and victory gardens necessary? To provide more resources for the War 64.How did each of the following organizations contributed to the war effort?: National War Labor Board –was created to make sure labor and business leaders got along to limit work stoppages during the war ffice of War Information –was created to coordinate media efforts to O keep news coverage positive nited Service Organization –worked to keep moral of the troops high U with shows near deployed areas and worked with Hollywood to help create patriotic movies 65.What was Executive Order 9066? FDR designated certain regions of the US war zones, which meant he could remove any persons from those zones for any reasons 66.What happened to Japanese-Americans during WWII? They were forced into internment camps 67.What was the ruling in Korematsu vs. US? The Supreme Court upheld the internment camps as an appropriate war measure 68.What was the Bracero Program? Recruited Mexicans to come to America and work on farms in the southwest 69.What were the Zoot Suit Riots a culmination of? Racial tension due to the Zoot Suits went against calls for rationing because of its heavy fabric 70.What was Executive Order 8802? It was passed which banned discrimination based on race for government jobs 71.What was the Double V Campaign? It was a slogan to encourage African Americans to fight against fascism abroad in order to help defeat racism at home IV. Fighting the War part 1 a. Europe 72.What countries did Hitler conquer in the spring of 1940? Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, France 73.How many British and French troops were saved at the “Miracle at Dunkirk”? Happened when the German army slowed its advance just enough for British and French citizens to use boats of every size to race to Dunkirk and rescue the soldiers – a total 380,000 troops were saved 74.What was significant about the fall of France? It took Hitler 35 days to do what Germans armies during WWI couldn’t in 5 years 75.What was Hitler trying to destroy in the Battle of Britain before he started his land invasion? The British Air Force (RAF) 76.What technology helped GB win the Battle of Britain? Radar 77. What did Hitler do in the spring of 1941? Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression pact and invaded the USSR 78. How was the Battle of Stalingrad a turning point? Soviet reinforcements rushed in and captured an entire German army b. North Africa 79. Did Americans win the Battle of Kasserine Pass? No, they lost. 0. What characteristic did American forces demonstrate that helped after 8 George Patton took command? More aggressive 81. When did the German army in North Africa surrender? May 1943 c. Japan 82. What else in the Pacific did Japan attack along with Pearl Harbor? Phillipines 83. What effect did news of the Bataan Death March have on America? Americans became anti-Japanese 84. What effect did the Doolittle Raid have? It sent a message to Japan that the US wanted revenge 85. What area was the Battle of Coral Sea fought over? Australia 86. Why was the US able to trap the Japanese at the Battle of Midway? The US had cracked the Japanese secret military code 87. Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point? Japan lacked the material to replace their battle losses and were now on the defensive in the Pacific V. ighting the War part 2 F a. Europe 88. Why was Stalin upset about the decision made at the Casablanca Conference in January of 1943? Stalin wanted reinforcements or an attack in France to pull German forces away from his front 89. How long did it take for Allied forces to capture the island of Sicily? 38 days 90. What did the Italian government do shortly after the surrender of Sicily? Italy surrendered 91. How did Hitler respond? Hitler rescued Mussolini and put him back in charge so the Allies were had to fight to take Italy 92. What made fighting along the Italian peninsula difficult? Thegeography favored the German defenders 93. What decision was made at the Tehran Conference? Western Europe –opening of a second front in Western Europe trategic bombings –of Germany to destroy the German capacity to S produce war materials 4. What was D-Day? (designated day)June 6, 1944; 47 army divisions 9 were landing along a 50 mile stretch of beaches in Normandy, France 95. What became the name of Hitler’s counter offensive in the winter of 1944- 5? Battle of the Bulge 6. What general was in charge of the reinforcements that saved the Battle of 9 the bulge for the Allies? General Patton 7. What was Germany’s strategic situation at the end of the war? 9 Hitler was getting squeezed between two massive armies 8. When is V-E Day (Victory in Europe) celebrated? 9 Germany surrendered. May 8, 1945 9. When did FDR die? 9 April of 1945 b. Japan 100. What was island-hoping? Capturing some Japanese-held islands, but leaving others alone 01. What made casualties against Japanese forces so high in the Pacific 1 (two reasons)? 1.amphibious assaults 2.Improved landing technology and strategies improvedlanding casualty rates 02. What were kamikaze pilots? 1 Pilots who deliberately flying their plane into Americans to increase American casualties 03. Why were Iwo Jima and Okinawa strategically important? 1 Iwo Jima was going to be used to bomb Tokyo from Okinawa was to be used to stage an invasion of mainland Japan from 04. What was happening to US casualties the closer the battles were to 1 Japan? They were increasing 05. Why did President Truman decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan? 1 US casualties had increased the closer the US got to Japan, so he wanted to save American lives and avoid an invasion of Japan 06. When is VJ-Day((Victory in Japan))? 1 August 15, 1945 VI. ffect of WWII E 107. How many casualties were there during WWII? 60 million worldwide 08. What was the Manhattan Project? 1 US project to create a nuclear weapon authorized by FDR in 1942 109. What US scientists and army officials were behind the project? ain contributors were Albert Einstein, J. Robert Oppenheimer and Leslie M Groves 10. What was the Holocaust? 1 German effort to exterminate the Jewish race 11. How many people did Hitler kill in his effort to “purify” Germany? 1 6 million Jews were killed & 6 million other “impure” people of Europe killed 12. What were the Nuremburg Trials? 1 Brought Nazi war criminals to justice and set the precedent of trying people who commit war crimes and atrocities by establishment of a permanent international court 13. What is the purpose to the United Nations? 1 Was created to help main stability and “general security” throughout the world 14. What did the United Nations create in 1948? 1 Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 15. How was imperialism weakened as a result of WWII? 1 France, Germany and GB were weaker due to major damage caused by the war and they gave independence to their colonies 16. Who emerged from WWII as the greatest superpower? 1 US 17. Why was the US in such a good position at the end of WWII? 1 US had little to no infrastructure damage so would lead the economic recovery from WWII
