Poultry Classification PDF

Classification of Poultry,Breeds of chicken,Broiler,Layer & Common terms Poultry :It refers to those domestic species of birds which give economic benefits to human being by producing eggs, meat feathers etc. The term is used to for the birds whether they are dressed or alive. Those...

Classification of Poultry,Breeds of chicken,Broiler,Layer & Common terms Poultry :It refers to those domestic species of birds which give economic benefits to human being by producing eggs, meat feathers etc. The term is used to for the birds whether they are dressed or alive. Those species of birds such as duck,chicken,turkey.guineafowl,peafowl,swan,phesants,quail etc. also reproduce freely under the care of humans. But it is very often used synonymously to chicken. Poultry production management: It is a branch of science that deals with the study of principles and practices involved in the production and marketing of poultry and poultry products. It includes breeding , incubation and hatching , feeding ,housing, diseases , marketing and poultry farm management. What we get from poultry ? Ans. 1. Poultry meat – Either marketed as live bird or they are converted to different poultry meat products. 2. eggs – Either consumed as whole egg or processed in egg processing industries to produce value added products. Eggs are used for production of vaccines. Egg yolk is in baking and confectioneering industries. Egg white is used in making paint and adhesives , varnish and edible food packaging material. Egg shells are used as mineral feed supplement in animal feed.  Therefore, the egg comprises of chemicals and components that have multiple uses in biotechnology (tissue culture), chemical, food, pharmaceutical and art (painting and photography) industries. 3. Feather is used to produce feather meal , pillows , shuttle cock and fertilizer. 4. Endocrine glands of birds are used for preparation of hormones and other biological preparation. 5. Slaughter house waste is used as feed for cat fish production. 6. Poultry waste is an excellent source of organic manure which can be utilized for growing crops. 7. Cock fight is an important village sport. Advantage of Poultry farming: 1.Poultry produces eggs and meat which are highly nutritive food and can be made available at low cost. 2.Poultry farming requires less investment to start the enterprise. Chickens raised for eggs are 3.Economic improvement of rural people can be known as layers ,while chickens substantially achieved with introduction of scientific raised for meat are called poultry farming. broilers. 4.Eggs from layer birds and table birds can be sold for cash as the pullet starts laying at about 5 five months of age and broiler gets ready for marketing at the age of 6 weeks. As a result quick return can be expected from the investment. Pullet: Young female chicken about 5.Mixed farming/integrated farming/ diversified to lay eggs farming considering poultry as an enterprise provides additional income opportunity during lean season of Cockerel: Young male chicken yet crop cultivation. to attain its sexual maturity 6.Poultry farming provides employment opportunity for rural ,peri urban youth. 7.Poultry farming in rural areas may be an effective tool for women empowerment. 8.Large scale industrial poultry farming and it’s associated activities may draw huge investment in rural areas. The chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), a subspecies of the red junglefowl. Incubation period, Chromosome numbers and age at sexual maturity of different species of poultry Incubation Chromosome Age at sexual maturity S.No Species period (days) number (pairs) (weeks) 1. Chicken 21 39 18-20 2. Duck 28 40 28-30 3. Muscovy duck 33-35 40 28-30 4. Goose 28-32 40 28-30 5. Guinea fowl 27-28 39 28-32 6. Turkey 28 40 28-30 7. Quail 17-18 39 6-7 8. Pigeon 18 39 10-12 9. Ostrich 42 40 52 10 Emu 52-55 40 52 + Khaki Campbell ducks lay about 280 to 300 eggs per year Class -Used to designate a group of birds - developed in certain regions or geographical areas. They are American, Asiatic, Mediterranean and English. Breed - refers to an established group of birds within a species related by breeding, possessing a distinctive shape, conformation, plumage colour, comb type, general body weight and breeds true. Ex. Aseel, Rhode Island Red, Leghorn, Cornish, etc. Variety- used to sub-classify breeds. There may be many varieties within a breed differentiated by plumage colour, pattern and comb type Ex. White Leghorn, Black Leghorn, Brown Leghorn, Barred Plymouth Rock etc. Strain - Sub classifications of a breed. Normally a strain is named after the person who has evolved them or it can also be named after the institution where it is developed. They are developed duly giving importance to certain specific traits like egg production, early maturity, better feed efficiency, egg weight etc. Ex. Meyer strain of White Leghorn, Forsgate strain of White Leghorn, Sterling strain of Rhode Island Red. Lines - Sub classes of a strain developed such that the gene(s) responsible for a particular trait is fixed so as to be utilized for production of commercial hybrids. Chicken may also classified based on their utility : 1)Egg type - Eg. White Leghorn, Minorca, Ancona (Produce 200-250 eggs in a laying year) 2) Meat type - Eg. Cornish, Plymouth rock, Brahma 3) Dual purpose - Eg. Rhode Island Red, New Hampshire (Produce 150-200) eggs in a laying year) 4) Game bird - Eg. Aseel 5) Fancy variety - Eg. Silky, frizzled, bantams 6) Desi type - Eg. Kadaknath, Naked neck, chittagong. Indigenous breeds of chicken: There are several varieties of chicken; of them are recognized by ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources,Karnal,Haryana Registered Breeds of indigenous chicken : NAME NATIVE STATE 1. Ankaleshwar Gujarat Chhattisgarh, Orissa 2. Aseel and Andhra Pradesh Gujarat and 3. Busra Maharashtra Meghalaya and 4. Chittagong Tripura 5. Danki Andhra Pradesh 6. Daothigir Assam  Andhra Pradesh 7. Ghagus and Karnataka Harringhata West 8. Black Bengal 9. Kadaknath Madhya Pradesh 10. Kalasthi Andhra Pradesh Kashmir Jammu 11. Favorolla and Kashmir 12. Miri Assam Andaman & 13. Nicobari Nicobar Punjab and 14. Punjab Brown Haryana 15. Tellichery Kerala 16. Mewari Rajasthan 17. Kaunayen Manipur 18. Hansli Odisha 19. Uttara Uttarakhand Characteristics of indigenous chicken: 1.They grow slowly and attain sexual maturity late. 2.They are poor producer of eggs (50-60 in a laying year). 3.They show broodiness. Broody - a hen that is sitting on eggs with the intent of hatching them 4.They are heat tolerant. 5.Black colour of meat in Kadaknath is due to presence of melanin. Commercial chicken Broiler Broilers are reared for meat production. It is a bird of about 6-8 weeks of age of either sex (straight-run chicks) with an average body weight of 2.0 to 2.5 kg with a flexible breast bone cartilage, soft pliable skin and tender meat. FCR : 1.8 to 2.0 Broiler strains Eg. Cobb, Hubbard, Lohman, Anak 2000, Avian -34, Starbro, Samrat , Marshall, Ross, Hybro, Arbor Acre broiler, Red Feathered Shaver Redbro,ISA 657 Red- feathered broiler Modern day broilers are produced by crossing Male Cornish with female Plymouth Rock. Layer poultry farming means raising egg laying poultry birds for the purpose of commercial egg production. Layer chickens are such a special strains of hens, which need to be raised from when they are one day old to 72 weeks of age. They start laying eggs commercially from 18-19 weeks of age and weigh around 1.5 kg at that time. Eg.BV-300 (White),BV-380(Brown),HyLine-W36,HyLine Brown,Bovans White,Lohmann. Hybrids of chicken These are crossbreds of chicken, produced by 2-way, 3- way or 4-way crossing of inbred pure lines. They are the actual commercial-type of chicken used for egg or meat production since they are high laying or fast growing. These birds possess high degree of heterosis or hybrid vigour Eg. Austra-White (RIR male x White Leghorn femal- Dual purposes crosses,Red-Rock(RIR male or New Hampshire male x Barred Plymouth Rock – Meat type crosses Breeders-Birds of both sexes which are kept for breeding purpose to obtain fertilized eggs for hatching to get chicks of broilers or layers Capon - a castrated male chicken (requires surgery since the reproductive organs are internal Cock - adult male chicken (also referred to as a rooster) Hen - adult female poultry including chicken, turkey, duck, pigeon, pheasant, etc. FCR -FCR is calculated by taking the total amount of feed consumed by the flock and dividing it by the amount of weight gained or the number of eggs produced. Common terms used in Poultry Body parts of chicken Adult Species Young Male Female Chicken Chick Cock Hen Duck Duckling Drake Duck Turkey Poult Tom Hen Quail Chick Cock Hen Guinea Keet Cock Hen fowl Goose Goosling Gander Goose Pigeon Squab Pigeon Pigeon Swan Cygnet Swan Swan Important institutions in India for poultry variety development 1.The Directorate of Poultry Research (DPR) formerly Project Directorate on Poultry (PDP) is one of the constituent research institutes of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), an autonomous multidisciplinary Research & Development Organization financially supported by Govt. of India. The Directorate was set up as a coordinating unit of All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Poultry in 1970 at Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh. Subsequently the unit was elevated as a full-fledged Project Directorate during 1988 and shifted to Hyderabad. The objectives of the Directorate are to coordinate research at AICRP centers located across the country and conduct research on the development and improvement of chicken lines for commercial and rural poultry production. 2. Central Avian Research Institute(CARI) was established on the 2nd November, 1979 at Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) to provide all-round support to the growth of poultry sector. 3.State Agriculture Universities/State Veterinary universities Assignment: 1. Learn abut following breeds : i) Leghorn ii) Australorp iii) Rhode Island Red iv) Cornish v) Plymouth Rock vi) Aseel vii) Haringhatta Black