Classification and Characteristics of Living Organisms PDF

Classification and Characteristics of Living Organisms The seven characteristics of life 1. Movement Definition: the ability of an organism to change its place or position 2. Respiration Definition: the chemical reactions that occur inside living organisms that...

Classification and Characteristics of Living Organisms The seven characteristics of life 1. Movement Definition: the ability of an organism to change its place or position 2. Respiration Definition: the chemical reactions that occur inside living organisms that break down nutrient molecules to release energy 3. Sensitivity The ability to detect changes and respond to change in the external or internal environment 4. Growth Permanent increase in size and dry mass 5. Reproduction Making more organisms of the same kind 6. Excretion The removal of waste products of metabolism 7. Nutrition The taking in of materials for growth, energy and development Classification SPECIES is a group of organisms that have similar characteristics and can breed the produce fertile offspring BINOMIAL SYSTEM OF NAMING ORGANISMS The binomial system is used for naming organisms. It contains first the genus then the species. REASONS WHY CLASSIFICATION IS USEFUL Helps identify different species can help identify evolutionary relationships DNA dna stands for deoxyribonucleic acid inside the nucleus there are long threadlike structures called chromosomes chromosomes are made of dna wrapped around proteins dna is a very long molecule formed from two parallel strands joined together at regular interval by chemicals called bases the whole structure is twisted, forming a double helix  the dna strand contains four different bases: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine the bases on each strand bonds with the bases on the other strand adenine bonds with thymine, guanine bonds with cytosine Vertebrates Fish Mammals Amphibians Reptiles Birds Scales Hair or fur Moist skin Scales Feathers Gills Breathe Breathe Breathe Breathe through lungs through through lungs through lungs lungs/skin Cold-blooded Warm-blooded Cold-blooded Cold-blooded Warm-blooded Lays eggs Give birth to Lays eggs Lays eggs Lays eggs young Fins Produce milk Can live on Live on land Live on land for offspring both land and water The 5 kingdoms 1. animals 2. plants 3. fungi 4. protists 5. prokaryotes Features of animals they are multicellular their cells contain a nucleus but no cell wall or chloroplasts they feed on organic substances made by other living things Features of plants they are multicellular their cells have a nucleus and cell walls made up of cellulose and often contain chloroplasts they feed by photosynthesis they may have roots, stems, and leaves Features of fungi usually multicellular, but some like yeast are unicellular cells have nuclei and cell walls made of chitin they feed by digesting waste organic material and absorbing it into their cells (saprophytic or parasitic nutrition) most fungi have a structure consisting of fine threads known as hyphae several hyphae together form mycelium fungi reproduce by producing spores Features of protists they can be multicellular or unicellular their cells have a nucleus and may or may not have a cell wall and chloroplasts some feed by photosynthesis and others feed on organic substances made by other organisms examples: amoeba, chlorella Features of prokaryotes they are usually unicellular they have no true nucleus they have cell walls made of peptidoglycan they have no mitochondria they have a circular loop of dna, which is free in the cytoplasm they often have plasmids Viruses viruses are not part of any classification system they do not carry out the seven life processes for themselves instead they take over a host cells metabolic pathways in order to make multiple copies of themselves virus structure is simply genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat The plant kingdom the plant kingdom contains several groups this includes mosses and liverworts, ferns, conifers and flowering plants Ferns ferns are plants with leaves called fronds  they have roots, stems and leaves (fronds) they do not reproduce with flowers they reproduce by means of spores produced on the underside of their fronds Flowering plants they have roots stems and leaves they reproduce using flowers and seeds the seeds are produced inside an ovary, in the flowers Groups within flowering plants dicotyledons monocotyledons o these refer to the structure of their seeds o cotyledons are food stores found in the seeds of flowering plants o monocotyledons have only one cotyledon, whereas dicotyledons have two Monocots Dicots One cotyledon Two cotyledons Leaves have parallel veins Leaves have reticulated(net-like) veins Fibrous root system Taproot system Flowers have petals in multiples Flowers have petls in multiples or 4 of three or 5