Class 10 English Endgame by Eduverse PDF Summary

2024-25 CLASS 10 E D U V E R S E ENGLISH ENDGAME All chapters summary India’s First Visualised Summaries @Eduverse10  ABOUT E D U V E R S E At Eduverse, we understand the power of a dream. That’s why we’ve...

2024-25 CLASS 10 E D U V E R S E ENGLISH ENDGAME All chapters summary India’s First Visualised Summaries @Eduverse10  ABOUT E D U V E R S E At Eduverse, we understand the power of a dream. That’s why we’ve made it our mission to revolutionize learning with exceptional study materials designed to inspire, empower, and innovate. By combining modern technology with unmatched quality, we help students break through limits and turn their visions into reality. With Eduverse, every learner has the tools to go further, dream bigger, and succeed beyond expectations. Click the button below to join us on telegram for more study materials. @Eduverse10  STUDY MATERIALS Eduverse is not like other books brands that comes to end once book is purchased. We are available to guide you throughout your journey with doubts, time tables and other study materials and quizzes at fre of cost on out telegram channel. @Eduverse10 scan this qr to join us on telegram - Doubt solving group Students community Formula sheets Announcements Notes and other studymaterials @Eduverse.10 @Eduverse.10 E D U V E R S E A LETTER TO GOD SUMMARY A Letter to God" is a story by G.L. Fuentes that shows the strong faith of a poor and simple-minded farmer named Lencho in God. Lencho was poor but worked hard on his farm, hoping for a good harvest. Unfortunately, a hailstorm came and destroyed all his crops, leaving him very upset. Despite this, Lencho was sure that God would help him. He was a learned man and could read and write, so he decided to write a letter to God. In the letter, he asked God to send him one hundred pesos so he could plant his crops again and save his family from starving. He then placed a stamp on the letter and put it in the mailbox. E D U V E R S E When the postman saw the letter, he laughed loudly and immediately went to show it to the postmaster. The postmaster read the letter and laughed too, especially when he saw that it was addressed to God. However, he was moved by Lencho’s strong faith and decided to help. The postmaster asked the employees at the post office to contribute some money, and he also gave part of his own salary. However, the total amount collected was less than what Lencho had asked for. The postmaster placed all the money into an envelope and addressed it to Lencho. The following Sunday, Lencho went to the post office to check if he had received a letter. The postmaster gave him the envelope. Lencho opened it with confidence, expecting to find the one hundred pesos he had requested. But when he counted the money, he found only seventy pesos. He was very upset and certain that God could not have made such a mistake. He went to the window to ask for paper and ink and wrote another letter to God. He dropped this letter in the mailbox as well. The postmaster opened Lencho’s second letter as soon as he left. In the letter, Lencho complained that he had asked for one hundred pesos but only received seventy. He was angry and thought that the post office employees must have stolen the remaining thirty pesos. Lencho asked God to send the rest of the money but requested that it not be sent through the mail, as he believed the post office workers were "a bunch of crooks" who might have stolen it again.  VIZUALISED SUMMARY E D U V E R S E R TO GOD LETTE 100 PESOS FOR ESOS P 70 POST OFFICE EMPLOYEES ARE BUNCH OF CROOKS THEY STOLE 30 PESOS MELSON MANDELA SUMMARY Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom is an excerpt from the autobiography of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, which tells the story of the struggle for freedom for black people in South Africa. On May 10, 1994, Nelson Mandela was sworn in as South Africa’s first Black President after over three centuries of White rule. His party had won 252 out of 400 seats in South Africa's first democratic elections. The inauguration ceremony took place at the Union Buildings amphitheatre in Pretoria, with dignitaries and political figures from around the world in attendance. In his speech, Mandela addressed the crowd with respect and E D U V E R S E promised that South Africa would never again experience oppression, with one group dominating another. He vowed that his government would ensure equality for all South Africans, regardless of caste, colour, creed, or race. His words symbolized the birth of democracy in South Africa. Mandela's inauguration day was significant for him, as South Africans sang two national anthems. Whites sang "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika," while blacks sang "Die Stem," the old anthem of the Republic. These events reminded Mandela of the exploitation that black people had suffered at the hands of whites. He reflected on the pain of his people, stating that the racial domination and oppression of blacks by whites created one of the harshest and most inhumane societies the world had ever seen. He believed that no person is born to hate others based on their skin colour, background, or religion, and that hate is learned. If hate can be learned, so too can love, which comes more naturally to humans. He also spoke about how courage is not the absence of fear, but the ability to conquer fear. Mandela also shared his belief that every person has two main obligations: one towards their family, including parents, spouse, and children, and the other towards their country, community, and fellow countrymen. While people can fulfill these obligations based on their personal interests, it was challenging for black people in South Africa before democracy. Mandela realized as an adult that freedom was only an illusion for blacks in South Africa. They were treated as slaves, exploited and oppressed by whites. Mandela firmly believed that freedom is indivisible; both the oppressed and the oppressor must be liberated. He argued that a person who denies freedom to others is also a prisoner of oppression, and that even the oppressor is shackled by the chains of injustice. @Eduverse10 E D U V E R S E  VIZUALISED SUMMARY NOTE: IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO EXPLAIN THIS CHAPTER VISUALLY SO ONLY BRIEF STORY IS VISUALISED BRITISHERS E D U V E R S E SOUTH AFRICA TO BLACKS TICE INJUS NELSON MANDELA FIGHT FOR FREEDOM END OF RACISM HIS FIRST FLIGHT SUMMARY The story “His First Flight” is written by Liam O’Flaherty and is based on a young seagull who was afraid to take his first flight because he feared that his wings wouldn’t support him while flying. All his siblings took the plunge to fly fearlessly in the open air despite having smaller wings than him. However, the young bird could not muster up the courage to take the plunge as he did not trust in his wings. Whenever he tried to come forward towards the brink of the ledge while attempting to fly, he became afraid and went back. His parents constantly upbraided and threatened him that unless he flew away, he would have to starve alone on the ledge, but all their efforts went in vain. He would just watch his parents teaching his siblings how to skim the waves E D U V E R S E and dive for fish. One fine day, the whole family flew to a big plateau and taunted the young seagull for his cowardice. As the sun rays blazed on his ledge, he could feel the heat and had been starving since the previous nightfall. The young bird begged his mother to bring him some food. He uttered a joyful scream when his mother quickly picked a piece of fish and flew across to him. He leaned out eagerly and jumped at the fish, exasperated by hunger. Suddenly he fell outward in the open space, and a monstrous terror seized him as he could feel that he was falling downward. The next moment, he felt his wings spread outwards, and he was able to fly fearlessly. Finally, the young seagull took his first flight and soared higher and skimmed through the waves and dived along with his siblings. VIZUALISED SUMMARY FEAR OF FLYING SIBLINGS STARTED TO FLY ST AR TOO K FLIG VI HT TO NG CATC H FIS H  THE BLACK AEROPLANE “Black Aeroplane” is a mysterious story written by Fredrik Forsyth that revolves around a pilot. The narrator of the story is a pilot who wants to be with his family and enjoy a wholesome breakfast with them in England. He had to fly from France to England to spend time with his family. Once he crossed Paris, he came across storm clouds that looked like black mountains. However, he flew through the clouds and soon realized that everything around him had turned completely black. Nothing was visible to him outside the aeroplane as he lost control of it. Suddenly, he noticed that there was another aeroplane with no lights on its E D U V E R S E wings. The pilot of that aeroplane waved his hands and signalled him to follow. He blindly followed the other pilot since the radio signals of his plane were not reachable, and even the fuel tank was low. Soon he passed through the dark clouds and landed safely on the runway with the help of the other pilot. Upon landing, he inquired at the reception about who was the other pilot who helped him in such a critical situation as he wanted to thank him for saving his life. But the woman in the control centre told him that there was no other aeroplane in the night sky other than his aeroplane. @Eduverse10  VIZUALISED SUMMARY E AEROPLAN STORM E D U V E R S E S YMOU ANON PLANE BLACK R PPEA RED FO A HELP ANDED PLAN L SAFELY BLACK PLAN’S PILOT AND PLAN BOTH DISAPPEARED @Eduverse10 FROM DIARY OF ANNE FRANK From the Diary of Anne Frank is an autobiography of a young Jewish girl who wrote her thoughts in a diary. At first, she felt it was an unusual experience for her to pen down all her thoughts. She believed that no one in the near future would be interested to read about a young girl’s past experiences from her diary. However, she still decided to write her thoughts in her diary and named it “Kitty”. She considered her diary to be her true and loyal friend as she was lonely and had no friends to talk to. Anne felt that her diary had more capacity to absorb thoughts than people with low patience levels. Further, she mentioned how much she loved her family, especially her adorable E D U V E R S E father, who gifted her the diary on her thirteenth birthday. On 20th June 1942, Anne stated how her entire class was nervous about their exam results. Although she was confident about other subjects, she wasn’t quite sure about mathematics. She and her friend, G, pleaded with the students to calm down and not make noise, but all in vain. She felt that about a quarter of the class were dummies who should be kept back in the same class as they did not participate in other activities. Besides, Anne also mentioned how the maths teacher, Mr Keesing, was annoyed by her talkative nature. He would often punish her with extra homework whenever she talked more during his class. In the first punishment, he asked her to write an essay on ‘A Chatterbox’, which in itself was a weird topic for Anne. She mentioned that she would try to improve herself, but she could not do anything about the trait that she inherited from her mother. When her teacher read the essay, he found it amusing and assigned her a second essay, ‘An Incorrigible Chatterbox’, for her unreformable talkative nature. However, during the third lesson, Mr Keesing had read enough of her justifications and assigned her another topic entitled, ‘Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox’ as a punishment for her incorrigible habit. Anne almost ran out of thoughts after writing essays on similar topics previously. This time she took the help of her friend, Sanne, who was good at poetry and wrote the essay from beginning to end in satirical verse. When her teacher read the essay he took it lightly and thoroughly enjoyed it. Since then, Anne was allowed to talk in class and was never assigned any extra homework by Mr Keesing.  VIZUALISED SUMMARY @Eduverse10 PEN HAVE MORE Y PATIENCE KITT THAN PEOPLE E D U V E R S E IN CHATTERBOX TALKS AGA SHE SHE SAYS TRAIT INHERITED MOTHER FROM HER PUNISHMENT AGAIN CK, TO WRITE ESSAY Q U AC K, QUA , RBOX QUACK S CHATTE TEACHER LAUGHS IST RE S SAID M  CLASS 10 BOARD EXAMS LAST YEAR 80% EXAMINATION QUESTIONS CAME FROM JUST "99 IMP QUESTIONS" 3,000+ STUDENTS SCORED 90+ IN LAST FEW DAYS ✔ 11 YEARS OF PAPERS ANALYZED. ✔ INCLUDES TOPPER HANDWRITTEN NOTES ✔ VERIFIED BY EXPERIENCED TEACHERS. ✔ 80% QUESTIONS REPEATED LAST YEAR. ✔ AVERAGE SCORE OF USERS - 88+ BUY NOW LIMITED TO 100 DOWNLOADS ONLY 2,000 PEOPLE BOUGHT LAST WEEK GLIMPSES OF INDIA COORG Coorg is a story written by Lokesh Abrol. He described Coorg as the smallest district of Karnataka. The author said Coorg, or Kodagu is a beautiful place that is located midway between Mangalore and Mysore. The heavenly city has evergreen forests, spices and coffee plantations and many tourists throng to this destination from September to March every year. The air of this region is filled with coffee scents. The people of this region are very independent and have some Greek or Arabic connection since the time a part of Alexander’s army had settled here permanently. They settled here and married the local people and the tradition continues to exist. The people of Coorg wear Kuppia, which is a long black coat that is quite similar to the ones worn by Arabs. E D U V E R S E Besides, the Coorgi people are very brave. One of the most significant regiments in the Indian Army is the Coorg Regiment. Notably, the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army was General Cariappa, who hailed from this beautiful place. The hilly regions and forests of Coorg are a major source of water for the Cauvery River. Visitors who are interested in high- adventure sports can have fun and frolic in this place and also explore the different types of animals particularly found in this region.  VIZUALISED SUMMARY COORG (SMALLEST DISTRICT OF KARNATKA) E D U V E R S E OPLE Y E TR RGP S O NCE CO A IAN RAB R A K O REE G BRAVERY AND COORG REGIMENT  BAKER FROM GOA "The Baker from Goa" is a humorous and nostalgic account written by Lucio Rodrigues, reflecting on the importance of bakers in Goan culture. The story is set in Portuguese-era Goa and vividly describes the daily life of a baker and the significance of bread in the lives of Goans. The narrator recalls his childhood, emphasizing how the presence of a baker, or pader, was a common and essential part of their lives. Bread was a staple in every household and was an integral part of Goan traditions, festivals, and daily meals. The baker would visit every morning, announcing his arrival with the sound of his bamboo staff. Children eagerly awaited him, not just for the E D U V E R S E bread but for the joy of receiving bangles of bread or sweet bread known as bolinhas. The baker was recognizable by his peculiar dress called kabai, a single-piece long frock, and later a shirt and trousers that were slightly shorter than usual. The bakers often carried a basket of bread on their head and were respected figures in the community. Their services were crucial for special occasions like weddings and feasts, as no celebration was complete without traditional Goan bread like pão or bol. Baking was a profitable profession, and bakers often enjoyed a good lifestyle. They had a large following and a steady income, which made their job respectable. The narrator nostalgically mentions how even today, the baker’s presence remains an essential part of Goan culture, symbolizing heritage and tradition. The story highlights the strong cultural bond between Goa and its bread- making traditions, portraying bakers as indispensable figures in the community and reminding readers of a simpler time when their profession symbolized warmth and togetherness. VIZUALISED SUMMARY E D U V E R S E PORTUGUESE COLONISED GOA BAKERY BECAME IMPORTANT PART OF TRADITION @Eduverse10  TEA FROM ASSSAM "Tea from Assam" is a story written by Arup Kumar Datta, which explores the journey of two friends, Rajvir and Pranjol, to Assam, the largest tea-producing state in India. Through their trip, the story gives interesting information about tea and its history. Rajvir and Pranjol are traveling to Pranjol’s hometown in Assam during their summer vacation. On the train, Rajvir is excited to see the beautiful scenery of tea gardens with green bushes spread across the land like a carpet. He shares his knowledge about tea with Pranjol, who is not as curious because he grew up in a tea estate and is used to it. E D U V E R S E Rajvir explains that tea was first discovered in China. According to a Chinese legend, tea was accidentally discovered by Emperor Shen Nung when tea leaves fell into his boiling water. Another Indian legend says that a Buddhist monk, Bodhidharma, cut off his eyelids to stay awake during meditation, and tea plants grew from where his eyelids fell. Rajvir also mentions that tea was introduced to Europe in the 16th century and became a popular drink. When the train reaches Assam, the two friends travel to Pranjol’s tea estate. Rajvir is amazed by the vast tea plantations and learns about the hard work involved in growing and harvesting tea. He is fascinated by how Assam produces most of the tea consumed in India and worldwide. The story highlights the beauty of Assam’s tea gardens and teaches readers about the origin and history of tea, making it an informative and enjoyable read.  VIZUALISED SUMMARY FRIENDS TRAIN TO ASSAM E D U V E R S E TEA GARDENS TEA ORIGINATION CHINESE EMPEROR THEORIES IND IAN SAD HU  MIJBIL THE OTTER The story “Mijbil the Otter” by Gavin Maxwell is about the author’s unique experience of keeping an otter as a pet. It begins with Maxwell and his friend traveling to Basra, Iraq, to collect mail from Europe at the Consulate-General. Feeling lonely after the loss of his pet dog, Maxwell expresses his desire to adopt a new pet, specifically an otter, instead of another dog. His friend suggests that he get an otter from the Tigris marshes, a place known for these creatures. A few days later, Maxwell receives a sack brought by two Arabs with a note from his friend, and inside the sack, he finds a small otter. He names the otter Mijbil, affectionately calling it Mij. E D U V E R S E At first, Mij takes time to adjust to his new surroundings, but soon it starts displaying a curious and playful nature. Maxwell notices that Mij has a special love for water and is fascinated by it. The otter enjoys splashing around and even learns how to turn on the faucet in the bathroom. Its playful behavior and intelligence amaze Maxwell, who forms a deep bond with the animal. When the time comes for Maxwell to return to England, he arranges for Mij to travel with him. However, British airlines have strict rules that prevent pets from traveling alongside their owners, so Maxwell books a flight on a different airline that permits animals. This airline requires that Mij be securely packed in a box. Just an hour before the flight, Maxwell manages to find a sturdy box and places Mij inside it. He then leaves briefly to grab a meal. When Maxwell returns, he finds that Mij has chewed holes in the box and injured itself in the process. The edges of the box are stained with blood, and Mij looks distressed. Feeling guilty, Maxwell cleans up Mij, repairs the box, and heads to the airport, reaching just in time for the flight. Onboard, he explains the situation to a kind air hostess, who sympathizes with him and advises him to keep Mij on his lap instead of locking it inside the box. As soon as Maxwell opens the box, Mij leaps out, causing chaos among the passengers. The otter’s sudden appearance surprises and entertains the other travelers. Despite the commotion, the kind air hostess quickly retrieves Mij and returns it to Maxwell. The journey ends smoothly, and Maxwell is grateful for her help. After reaching London, Mij gradually adapts to its new environment. It becomes creative in its play, using objects like marbles, ping-pong balls, and even a broken suitcase for its amusement. Maxwell enjoys observing Mij’s antics and is deeply attached to the otter. During their walks in London, Mij attracts a lot of attention from the public. People often mistake it for other animals like a baby seal, a beaver, or even a squirrel. The most amusing moment occurs when a laborer digging a hole stops Maxwell to ask, “Here, Mister—what is that supposed to be?” The story captures the joys and challenges of raising an unconventional pet. E D U V E R S E It highlights the bond of love and trust between Maxwell and Mij while also showcasing the otter’s endearing and intelligent personality. @Eduverse10  VIZUALISED SUMMARY @Eduverse10 IRAQ SMART AND PLAYFUL E D U V E R S E MIJBIL MESS IN THE FLIGHT REACHED LONDON PEOPLE CONFUSED ABOUT MIJBIL  MADAM RIDES THE BUS The story "Madam Rides the Bus" is about an adventurous and curious eight- year-old Tamil girl named Valliammai, or Valli, who dreams of exploring the world outside her small village. Since she has no friends to play with, her favorite activity is standing at her house's doorway, observing the street. She often watches people getting on and off the bus that travels between her village and the nearby town. This bus and its passengers fill her with excitement, and she dreams of taking a ride one day. E D U V E R S E Valli learns about the bus journey by listening to passengers. She finds out that the town is six miles away, and a one-way ticket costs thirty paise. Determined to experience the adventure, Valli starts saving money by resisting her usual temptations like sweets or toys. One afternoon, when her mother is asleep, Valli puts her plan into action. She waits for the bus, gets on it confidently, and buys her ticket to the town. The conductor, a cheerful man, jokingly calls her "madam" and helps her settle in. Valli notices the bus is painted in green and white, looks new, and has comfortable seats. She thoroughly enjoys the ride, admiring the natural beauty outside and watching the fields, trees, and mountains pass by. A playful moment that excites her is when a cow runs in front of the bus, making the driver honk loudly to shoo it away. This incident amuses Valli and adds to her adventure. When the bus reaches the town, the conductor asks Valli if she wants to explore the market or the stalls nearby. Valli politely declines, explaining that she only has enough money for the return trip. The conductor smiles at her maturity. She stays on the bus for her return journey. On the way back, Valli sees a dead cow lying on the road, covered in blood. She realizes it is the same cow that had run in front of the bus earlier. This sight deeply saddens her, and for the first time, she begins to understand the harsh realities of life and death. Her excitement turns into quiet reflection. When the bus drops her off near her house, Valli sneaks back home on time, ensuring her family remains unaware of her solo adventure. The story captures her innocence, curiosity, and growing understanding of the world, making it a heartfelt tale of childhood and self-discovery.  VIZUALISED SUMMARY MOM SLEEPING VALLI E D U V E R S E COW TOWN CO W SA DEA DV D ALL I @Eduverse10 REACHED HOME IN TIME  THE SERMON AT BENARES The Sermon at Benares beautifully conveys the teachings of Lord Buddha and his enlightenment about life, death, and the impermanence of human existence.Lord Buddha was born as Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince in North India. At the age of twelve, he was sent away to study sacred Hindu scriptures and returned home four years later. He married a beautiful princess, had a son, and lived a luxurious royal life. However, his royal life shielded him from the realities of human suffering. E D U V E R S E One day, while out hunting, Siddhārtha encountered four sights that profoundly impacted him: an old man, a sick man, a funeral procession, and a monk begging for alms. These encounters made him deeply aware of the suffering in the world. He decided to renounce his royal life in search of the truth and a solution to human misery. After seven years of wandering and meditation, he attained enlightenment under a tree, which he named the Bodhi Tree (Tree of Wisdom). Thereafter, Siddhārtha became known as Buddha, meaning "the Enlightened One." Buddha gave his first sermon in Benares, a holy city on the banks of the river Ganges. Among his teachings was the story of Kisa Gotami, a woman consumed by grief after the death of her only son. Overwhelmed with sorrow, she wandered from house to house, pleading for medicine to bring her son back to life. Most people dismissed her as delusional, but one kind man suggested she seek Lord Buddha's guidance. When Kisa Gotami approached Buddha, he gave her a seemingly simple task: to collect a handful of mustard seeds from a household that had never experienced the death of a family member, relative, or friend. Filled with hope, she set out on the task. However, as she went from one home to another, she realized that death had touched every family. No house was free from the loss of loved ones. Through this experience, Kisa Gotami understood the universality of death and the futility of clinging to mortal life. She recognized that grief and sorrow only worsen human suffering. This realization led her to accept that life and death are natural parts of existence, and no one can escape this cycle. Lord Buddha’s teachings emphasize that acceptance of life's impermanence is the key to overcoming sorrow. He taught that grief and attachment only magnify pain, and wisdom lies in understanding and accepting the natural order of life. By letting go of sorrow and attachment, one can attain peace, happiness, and spiritual growth. The sermon at Benares remains a timeless lesson on coping with loss and embracing the transient nature of life. E D U V E R S E  BUDDHA @Eduverse10 E D U V E R S E SON DIED GOTAMI FAILED BUDDHA ASKED TO REACH HOUSE AND REACHED WHERE NO ONE OF THEIR FAMILY DIED BUDDHA BUDDHA MADE HER UNDERSTAND A LESSON OF LIFE  THE PROPOSAL The Proposal is a one-act comedic drama by Anton Chekhov that humorously explores the themes of marital ties, property disputes, and human pettiness, often portrayed through the interactions of two wealthy families. The story revolves around Ivan Lomov, a wealthy but hypochondriac bachelor, who visits his neighbor Stephan Chubukov with the intention of proposing to his daughter, Natalya Stepanovna. E D U V E R S E The play begins with Lomov’s arrival at Chubukov’s house. Dressed meticulously, he appears nervous yet determined to seek Natalya’s hand in marriage. Initially, Chubukov misinterprets Lomov’s visit, assuming he has come to borrow money. However, upon hearing about the proposal, Chubukov is overjoyed and warmly embraces Lomov, promising to call Natalya at once. When Natalya enters, Lomov begins with polite conversation, intending to build rapport. However, the discussion soon turns to a piece of disputed property, Oxen Meadows, which Lomov claims belongs to his family. Natalya vehemently disagrees, asserting that the land has always been her family’s. This disagreement escalates into a heated argument, during which Lomov, who suffers from heart palpitations and a nervous disposition, begins to feel unwell. As the tension rises, Chubukov joins the dispute, and both father and daughter berate Lomov. Feeling insulted, Lomov storms out of the house. Soon after, Chubukov inadvertently reveals to Natalya that Lomov had come to propose to her. Shocked and regretful, Natalya insists that her father bring Lomov back immediately. Chubukov rushes after him, and Lomov reluctantly returns. Natalya, attempting to smooth things over, shifts the conversation to their respective dogs. However, this leads to another argument when Natalya claims her dog, Squeezer, is superior to Lomov’s dog, Guess. The quarrel becomes increasingly absurd as Lomov and Natalya refuse to back down, with Chubukov once again getting drawn into the fray. Amid the escalating chaos, Lomov collapses, seemingly unconscious from his palpitations. Natalya, now panicked and realizing her true feelings, implores her father to revive him. When Lomov regains consciousness, Chubukov hurriedly places Natalya’s hand in Lomov’s and declares them engaged, hoping to put an end to the madness. However, the bickering resumes almost immediately, with Natalya and Lomov continuing to argue over whose dog is better. The play concludes with the characters engaged in a comical verbal battle, emphasizing the trivial nature of their disputes and the absurdities of human behavior. The Proposal uses wit and irony to highlight how materialism, pride, and petty conflicts often overshadow meaningful relationships, making it a timeless commentary on human folly. E D U V E R S E  VIZUALISED SUMMARY E D U V E R S E ARGUE OVER LAND NATALYA REALISES LOMOV WAS THERE TO PTOPOSE HER @Eduverse10 LOMOV COMES BACK ARGUE ABOUT DOG (LOMOV COLLAPSES ) POEMS  DUST OF SNOW The way a crow This poem presents a simple moment, but it has a Shook down on me larger significance. The poet says that he was in a The dust of snow sorrowful mood and was sitting under a hemlock tree. From a hemlock tree It was the winter season, and there was snow all Has given my heart around. A crow was sitting on the same tree. The crow E D U V E R S E A change of mood was shaking down the dust of the snow on the poet. And saved some part When a small particle of snow fell on the poet, he Of a day I had rued. was awakened from his thoughts and then noticed the simple activity going around him. This changed the poet’s mood. He suddenly realized that he had wasted his time being in sorrow, and now, he should utilise his remaining day to do some useful tasks. This realization changes his mood and fills him with positive energy. His depression and sadness are washed away by the light shower of snow dust. His heart is filled with happiness, and he gets ready to use the rest of the day in a good manner and with positive vibes.  FIRE AND ICE The poem "Fire and Ice" by Robert Frost explores Some say the world profound themes through a deceptively simple will end in fire structure. The poet delves into the apocalyptic Some say in ice. question of how the world might end, presenting two From what I’ve tasted contrasting elements—fire and ice—as potential of desire agents of destruction. These elements symbolize the E D U V E R S E I hold with those who dual aspects of human emotions and behaviors. favour fire. Frost begins by acknowledging the popular belief But if it had to perish that the world will end in fire. He relates fire to desire, twice, representing greed, lust, and unbridled ambition. I think I know enough These emotions, when left unchecked, can consume of hate individuals and societies like an all-devouring blaze. To say that for The poet sides with this view, emphasizing his destruction ice awareness of the destructive power of such fiery Is also great passions. And would suffice. However, Frost does not dismiss the opposing opinion. He contemplates a second scenario where ice—symbolizing hatred, indifference, and rigidity— could equally lead to the world's demise. Ice represents the cold, unfeeling aspects of human nature, where emotional detachment and apathy freeze relationships and empathy. Frost acknowledges that ice, much like fire, has the capacity to destroy. The poem draws a stark comparison between fire and ice, portraying them as metaphors for the two extreme yet equally destructive sides of human nature. While fire consumes with its intensity, ice destroys with its chilling coldness. Together, they reflect the self-destructive tendencies within humanity.  THE TIGER IN A ZOO He stalks in his vivid Stanza 1: stripes The poet describes the tiger's appearance in the zoo. The few steps of his Its stripes are clearly visible from a distance, darker cage, than the rest of its body. The tiger moves quietly in its On pads of velvet small cage, unable to roam freely, suppressing its quiet, anger due to its helplessness. E D U V E R S E In his quiet rage. Stanza 2: He should be lurking in The poet imagines the tiger in the wild, where it shadow, would lie in the shade or tall grass, hidden from Sliding through long sight. It would then hunt deer at the waterhole, living grass freely in its natural habitat. Near the water hole Stanza 3: Where plump deer The poet envisions the tiger growling near a village at pass. the edge of the forest, showing its sharp teeth and He should be snarling claws to scare the villagers. This represents the threat around houses humans face when forests are destroyed. At the jungle’s edge, Stanza 4: Baring his white fangs, The poet returns to the present, describing the tiger his claws, locked in a strong cage. Despite its power, the tiger is Terrorising the village! confined and moves slowly, ignoring the visitors who But he’s locked in a come to see it. concrete cell, Stanza 5: His strength behind The tiger stays awake at night, disturbed by the noise bars, of the patrolling car. It stares at the stars, lost in Stalking the length of thought, wondering why it is imprisoned. his cage, Ignoring visitors. He hears the last voice at night, The patrolling cars, And stares with his brilliant eyes At the brilliant stars.  HOW TO TELL WILD ANIMALS If ever you should go The poet describes the various wild animals. In the by chance To jungles in first stanza, the poet says to the readers that if they the east; And if there go to the jungle, then how will they recognise the should to you advance various animals of the jungle? The poet then starts A large and tawny describing the Asian Lion. She says that if an animal beast, If he roars at with yellowish-brown skin colour roars at you and you E D U V E R S E you as you’re dyin’ get so afraid that you die out of fear, it then means You’ll know it is the you have met with an Asian Lion. Asian Lion.. In the second stanza, the poet describes a royal Or if some time when animal having black stripes on its yellowish skin roaming round, A roaming freely in the jungle. She says you will be noble wild beast greets certain that it is a Bengal Tiger if he starts eating you, With black stripes you. But there is no point in knowing the animal if you on a yellow ground, have to die to identify him! Just notice if he eats In the third stanza, the poet describes an animal who you. This simple rule walks in a slow, relaxed way, and his body is fully may help you learn The covered with small spots giving it a salt-and-pepper Bengal Tiger to appearance. The little spots on the animal’s body discern. seem like someone has hit his body with small If strolling forth, a objects. If that animal jumps on you, then you will get beast you view, Whose to know it is a Leopard. At that time, even if you cry, hide with spots is the leopard will not leave you. So, be careful and peppered, As soon as don’t allow him to jump on you. he has lept on you, In the next stanza, the poet says that if you are You’ll know it is the walking in a field and you see an animal who hugs Leopard. ’Twill do no you very tightly, then be sure that it is a Bear. If you good to roar with pain, still have some doubts, then you can confirm if it He’ll only lep and lep hugs you again. The poet conveys that when again. If when you’re walking round your yard You meet a creature there, Who hugs you very,  HOW TO TELL WILD ANIMALS very hard, Be sure it is someone loves you and cares for you, then they show a Bear. If you have any their feelings and emotions by giving you a tight hug. doubts, I guess He’ll However, when a bear hugs you in reality, then it will give you just one more kill you with his tight hug. caress. In the fifth stanza, the poet asks the readers if they Though to distinguish know how to recognise animals when they hunt their E D U V E R S E beasts of prey A novice prey. She further elaborates that when hyenas kill might nonplus, The their prey, they smile. Similarly, crocodiles have tears Crocodile you always in their eyes when they eat their prey. may Tell from the In the last stanza, the poet describes a small reptile Hyena thus: Hyenas that can change its skin colour. It looks like a lizard, come with merry but it does not have any ears or wings. When there is smiles; But if they weep no one on the tree, then you will spot this Chameleon they’re Crocodiles. or garden lizard. The ability of the Chameleon to The true Chameleon is change its skin colour saves him from hunters and small, A lizard sort of other animals. thing; He hasn’t any ears at all, And not a single wing. If there is nothing on the tree, ’Tis the chameleon you see.  THE BALL POEM This poem is about losing something which we love What is the boy now, and then learning to grow up. It is about a little boy, who has lost his ball, What, what is he to who in his young life, for the first time, is learning what do? I saw it go Merrily it is like to experience grief after the loss of a much- bouncing, down the beloved possession which is here his ball. Maybe for street, and then Merrily us, the loss of a ball is of minor consequence. Our over — there it is in the natural reaction may be that still there are many more water! No use to say ‘O balls. So, need not worry. But to a little boy, this is E D U V E R S E there are other balls’: something different. One can get another ball with a An ultimate shaking very less amount of money. But, money is external and grief fixes the boy As immortal here, as it cannot buy back the love and he stands rigid, hence cannot replace the things that we love. trembling, staring In this poem, the boy’s ball van is easily personifying down All his young with his young days and which were happy and days into the harbour innocent. People may take balls just as they will take where His ball went. I away our innocence and force us to grow up soon. And would not intrude on once we lose our innocence, then we cannot get it back. him; A dime, another But, despite all of these we have to learn to stand up. ball, is worthless. Now Obviously we need to be strong and get on with our He senses first life, irrespective of the sadness inside. This is the only responsibility In a world of possessions. way we will survive. Therefore, we have to learn to People will take Balls, accept and let go. balls will be lost The poet has made the use of the imagery while telling always, little boy. And how the ball personifies the spirit of the boy’s childish no one buys a ball innocence. We may visualize how the spirit of this little back. Money is boy, like the ball, is sinking into the dark waters of the external. He is harbour. And as it drifts further away, the little boy will learning, well behind learn to grow up, and that part is linked to that ball his desperate eyes, The grows up as well, until it is no longer a little boy. epistemology of loss, Thus the reader may interpret this poem literally and how to stand up metaphorically both. If literally, then it is a soulful Knowing what every picture of little boys growing up and learning to deal man must one day with the loss of the first in his possession. If know And most know metaphorically, then it is the story of mankind learning many days, how to to deal with the loss of their loved things or people. stand up.  AMANDA This poem expresses the state of a little girl’s mind who She will never allow is constantly instructed about do’s and don’ts by her anyone to come to the tower. Finally, the mother. The girl named Amanda and her mother who mother forbids her from is irritating her for her mistakes. Her mother used to being moody. Because give instructions not to hunch her shoulders and to sit she doesn’t want up straight. Her mother reminds her to finish her anyone to make her homework. The little girl Amanda keeps dreaming feel guilty that she is about freedom of life in the open. E D U V E R S E harassing her Her mother also believes that she sits in a sluggish daughter. At this time manner. To this, Amanda uses her imagination to the poet has not written escape her parents’ day-to-day commands. She any response from claims there is a serene, emerald sea with only me as a Amanda’s side. This resident. She finds tranquilly in her own made-up constant nagging has universe, where there are no boundaries. Amanda made her so upset that imagines herself as a free-spirited mermaid gliding she has even stopped across the green sea’s gentle waves. Amidst this, dreaming of herself as Amanda is also dragged out of her dreams by her someone else. She mother’s question on whether she cleans her room and always tries this only in shoes. order to escape from Amanda has another daydream in which she imagines the continuous harassment and herself as an orphan wandering freely, barefoot in dominance of her golden silence and uninterrupted freedom. She utters parents. that she would have enjoyed her freedom then, by Amanda’s parents feel making the patterns of her bare feet on the sand. She that she is not reacting would live a peaceful life. Her mother’s nagging because she is complaints break her daydream. The mother forbade annoyed. Her actions Amanda not to eat chocolates because of her acne have made her parents and pimples. She also rebukes her for not looking at look bad, and they are her while she is talking to her. concerned about their Amanda is enjoying another dream that now she image. They are fantasizes herself as Rapunzel, a character from a anxious about how fairy tale and wants to live like her in a huge tower society would judge peacefully. She dreams that she will never let down them if their youngster her hair from the tower like Rapunzel. In the tower, is constantly grumpy. she will live an alone and peaceful life.  AMANDA She will never allow anyone to come to the tower. (I am Rapunzel, I have Finally, the mother forbids her from being moody. not a care; life in a tower is tranquil and Because she doesn’t want anyone to make her feel rare; I’ll certainly never guilty that she is harassing her daughter. At this time let down my bright the poet has not written any response from Amanda’s hair!) Stop that sulking side. This constant nagging has made her so upset at once, Amanda! that she has even stopped dreaming of herself as You’re always so someone else. She always tries this only in order to E D U V E R S E moody, Amanda! escape from the continuous harassment and Anyone would think dominance of her parents. that I nagged at you, Amanda’s parents feel that she is not reacting because Amanda she is annoyed. Her actions have made her parents look bad, and they are concerned about their image. They are anxious about how society would judge them if their youngster is constantly grumpy.  THE TREES In this poem, “I” is the voice of the speaker of the poem The trees inside are Adrienne Rich. Poem The Trees is the voice with a body moving out into the forest, the forest that engaged in the activities and sensing intrusions that was empty all these are not organic to the conventions of a nature poem. days where no bird This is actually an unnatural poem that narrates the could sit no insect hide struggle of a population of trees to escape the no sun bury its feet in confined surrounding of a greenhouse. Through the shadow the forest that trees, this poem demonstrates the unsuitability of the E D U V E R S E was empty all these language itself as a greenhouse. The poetess is the nights will be full of witness for the trees exodus but making distances trees by morning. All herself from participating in the making of something night the roots work to out of the spectacle. She can sit and write too. disengage themselves Even though the speaker addresses the audience, her from the cracks in the own head is full of whispers and she is an audience as veranda floor. The well. We, however, the audience to the poem, are leaves strain toward compelled with the command. The speaker reaches the glass small twigs across the barrier between the poem and the audience. stiff with exertion A transaction that occurs on the page, and says for long-cramped boughs listening. shuffling under the Poetess articulates her consciousness of the many roof like newly discharged patients levels of inner and outer and the blurring of the half-dazed, moving to boundaries between them. In the poem, the trees are in the clinic doors. I sit the house of the poet. Their roots work all night to inside, doors open to disengage themselves from the cracks of the floor in the veranda writing the veranda. The leaves are making efforts to move long letters in which I towards the glass. An open door is for the night and scarcely mention the the whole moon and the sky is available to the departure of the forest speaker. This tree is at the same time, through this from the house. The door the smell of leaves still reaches back in. The night is fresh, the speaker’s head is another interior and implicitly whole moon shines in a entered by the whispers. sky still open the smell The poetess is especially intrigued by the image of of leaves and lichen the trees similar to newly discharged patients. The still reaches like a poet is making a comparison to the long-cramped voice into the rooms branches which are shuffling under the roof with the newly discharged patients from the hospital.  THE TREES As they are moving towards the hospital doors after My head is full of their long illnesses. The branches have cramped under whispers which tomorrow will be silent. the gaps with the roof. Therefore they want to get out Listen. The glass is into the open to spread themselves in the fresh air. breaking. The trees are stumbling forward into the night. Winds rush to meet them. The E D U V E R S E moon is broken like a mirror, its pieces flash now in the crown of the tallest oak.  FOG The fog comes on little Carl Sandburg was a well-known American editor and cat feet. It sits looking poet. He has won three Pulitzer Prizes. Most of his over harbour and city poems were about the Chicago city where he lived. on silent haunches and Among his many collections of the poem, the “Fog” is then moves on. the shortest poem. But still, this poem has strong reflections about nature. This poem does have a deeper and strong meaning. The first two lines of the poem are simply describing how fog comes in. E D U V E R S E Fogs are visible in cold areas or in mountains or forests. But in this poem, the poet describes fog which is happening in the cities and harbour. He gave a wonderful comparison between the fog and a cat. When a cat comes around us, mostly it is coming so slowly that hardly anyone is getting notice. The same is the case with the fog and its arrival. It just comes in and engulfs the entire place. It stays on for some time, creating trouble for anyone in between it, but still stays as though it is not aware of the happenings around it. Then the poet says that it just comes, sits at the harbour and looks at the city. It is at the silent haunches and then finally moves on. Here the poet described the happening, once the fog has arrived. Fogs as such do not cause any harm, because it is very silent and the onset it is slow too. But when the fog is around, especially in the city, many accidents may occur due to low visibility. Thus due to fog people cannot see properly anything in-between them while driving on the road. Hence sometimes fog may be very harmful to human life too. Therefore, a fog comes in similar to a small and silent kitten, and it sits and watches the beauty, while it covers the whole city. At last, the poet is saying that as a small child gets bored playing the same game, and hence moves on to the next. Similarly, the fog does not stay in one place for a long time. Therefore, after some time the fog also moves on. Fog does not stay longer at any one place.  THE TALE OF CUSTARD THE DRAGON Frederic Ogden Nash is an American poet, who is famous for his light verse. He was famous as the producer of humorous poetry. He wrote this poem ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon” in the style of a ballad means a song that tells a story. Ballads narrate the tales of courage or heroism. Such a humorous ballad is ending with a parody. The poem begins by introducing the poem’s main character, Belinda. Belinda lived in a little white house, with her four pets a black kitten, a grey mouse, a yellow dog, a little dragon and a red wagon too. The name of the little black kitten was Ink, the little grey mouse was Blink, and the little yellow dog was E D U V E R S E Mustard. Bu, the dragon was a coward, and Belinda called him Custard. Custard dragon was having big sharp teeth, spikes on top of him and scales underneath. His mouth was similar to a fireplace, and his nose was like a chimney. Also, he had daggers on his toes. Belinda believed herself as brave as a barrel full of bears. Ink and Blink were able to chase lions down the stairs. Mustard was as brave as an angry tiger. On the other hand, Custard always acted as the weakest one. Belinda always tickled Custard ruthlessly. Other pets sarcastically called him Percival means a knight of King Arthur’s court who sought the Holy Grail. Belinda and the other animals used to laugh at the dragon, who was a coward, while sitting in the red wagon (vehicle). Whenever Custard wanted a safe cage for him, Belinda and Blink giggled to their heart’s content. Not only this, Ink and Mustard asked him how old he was that he was scared of every little thing. Belinda and her pets were awakened one day by a nasty noise. They were all terrified at the same time. When they observed a pirate climbing through the window, Ink and Belinda both raised an eyebrow. The pirate had guns in both his hands and a knife between his teeth. He had a black beard and one of his legs was made of wood. Seeing the Pirate, Belinda started crying for help. Mustard became scared and raced away, making a lot of noise. Ink and Blink raced to their holes and hid as well. The pirate shot two bullets at Custard but they did not affect him in any cause. Only Custard fought with the pirate and ate him up in his single bite. Belinda embraced Custard, and Mustard licked him. As the dragon devoured the pirate, Ink and Blink danced around it in delight. As Custard saved everyone, all thanked him. But in the end, they realized that they used to make fun of the dragon as he was timid. So, all of them suddenly started saying that they are braver than him and hence could have handled the situation in a much better way. Custard’s timid ways persisted even after this daring incident. He was still pleading for a safe cage.  FOR ANNE GREGORY William Butler Yeats wrote many love poems. For Anne “Never shall a young Gregory’ is one of the best and beautiful poems by man, Thrown into him. This poem is in the form of a conversation despair By those great between a speaker, who may be the poet himself, or honey-coloured Anne’s lover or friend and maybe Anne Gregory Ramparts at your ear, herself. The other speakers may be in the belief that Love you for yourself the young man loves Anne for her external beauty. But alone And not your here the speaker (maybe Anne Gregory) says that yellow hair.” “But I can E D U V E R S E external beauty is not the real, and therefore young get a hair-dye And set man should love her for herself only. such colour there, In this poem, the poet is presenting the description of a Brown, or black, or lover’s love for a woman. The lover may like the yellow carrot, That young men colour of the woman’s hair. But he does not like her in despair May love me ramparts, means here the hair around the ear. So, the for myself alone And lady does not approve of his love. She wishes such a not my yellow hair.” “I lover who loves her based on her internal qualities and heard an old religious not by the external and physical look. She says that her man But yesternight yellow hair is a temporary entity. Therefore, she may declare That he had dye them into another colour like brown or black or found a text to prove carrot soon. And hence in this way, she may get her That only God, my true love due to her internal beauty. dear, Could love you Then the poet says that only God loves we all humans for yourself alone And on the bases of our soul and internal qualities and but not your yellow hair.” our body and physical features. Undoubtedly, only selfless love is true, and God only gives true love. Poet is of the view that most people love others only because they attract them by physical qualities. Thus, the complexion of the skin and the colour of the hair may be more important for us than the ‘real’ worth of the person. It means we rarely love people ‘for themselves alone’. Even the beautiful Anne Gregory does not want to be liked or loved for her external beauty or her rare qualities of her beautiful yellow hair. Shallow minded people only adore physical beauty. But rather we should look for spiritual beauty before falling in love with a lady. Physical beauty is just an illusion and momentary. Unfortunately, most of the people are merely attracted by the colour of the skin and hair.  LAST 5 DAYS LEFT CLASS 10 BOARD EXAMS LAST YEAR 80% EXAMINATION QUESTIONS CAME FROM JUST “99 IMP QUESTIONS” 3000+ STUDENTS SCORED 90+ IN LAST DAYS ✔️ 11 YEARS OF PAPER ANALYZED ✔️ INCLUDES TOPPER HANDWRITTEN NOTES ✔️ VERIFIED BY EXPERIENCED TEACHERS ✔️ 80% QUESTIONS REPEATED LAST YEAR ✔️ AVERAGE SCORE OF USERS- 88+ BUY NOW LIMITED TO 100 DOWNLOADS ONLY 2,000 PEOPLE BOUGHT LAST WEEK  THANKS FOR CHOOSING US E D U V E R S E @Eduverse.10 @Eduverse.10 Join Telegram @Eduverse.10 for more high quality study materials @Eduverse10 scan this qr to join us on telegram - Doubt solving group Students community Formula sheets Announcements Notes and other studymaterials