Introduction To Building Technology CIVIL3811 Lecture Slides - Week 10 PDF

Introduction to Building Technology CIVL3811 Engineering Design and Construction School of Civil Engineering | Faculty of Engineering THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY The University of Sydney Page 1 Design Process  The part of the building procurement process during which design professionals...

Introduction to Building Technology CIVL3811 Engineering Design and Construction School of Civil Engineering | Faculty of Engineering THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY The University of Sydney Page 1 Design Process  The part of the building procurement process during which design professionals convert an owner’s facility needs into documents that will be used by a contractor to physically realise the facility. The University of Sydney https://www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/microsites/building-futures/a-sustainable-design- Page 2 toolkit/technical-modules/design/design-process.aspx Design Process http://soluri-architecture.com/firm-profile/design-process-page/ The University of Sydney Page 3 Influences on the design process  Codes and standards  Costs  Passive and active approaches  Energy efficiency  Passive house performance  Green building design strategies http://www.mem50212.com/MDME/MEMmods/MEM30008A-EcoErgo/Design-  Carbon-neural design Factors/EngDesConcepts.htm  Design strategies for sustainability  Regenerative design strategies The University of Sydney Page 4 https://12atardesign.edublogs.org/files/2016/01/design_process_0-12a9dqc.gif A philosophy of design  Let nature do the work  Consider nature as both model and a context  Aggregate rather than isolate  Match technology to the need  Seek common solutions to disparate problems  Shape the form to guide the flow  Shape the form to manifest the process  Provide multiple pathways  Manage storage https://blog.proto.io/10-of-the-best-design-philosophies-of-all-time/ The University of Sydney Page 5 Design Intent  A statement that outlines an excepted high-level outcome of the design process.  Example design intent might include the following: The building will provide outstanding comfort for the occupants. The design will consider the latest in information technology. The building will be green, with a focus on indoor environmental quality. The building will be carbon neutral. The building will provide a high degree of flexibility for its occupants. https://www.archdaily.com/964478/how-to-communicate-your-design-intent-through-visualization-styles The University of Sydney Page 6 Conflicting Design Criteria – Design process is always a trade-off between different objectives https://blog.fentress.com/blog/6-integrated-building-design-criteria-for-evaluating-schematics The University of Sydney Page 7 Active and Passive Systems Passive System:  System that uses no purchased energy (no electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, etc.).  Example—daylighting system. System components play multiple roles in the building as a whole—a concrete floor slab that is structure, a walking surface, and solar collector/storage.  A passive system is usually tightly integrated with the overall building design and typically designed by an architect. The University of Sydney Page 8  Active and Passive Systems Active System:  System that uses primarily purchased (and non-renewable) energy.  Example: electric lighting, gas furnace.  Active systems tend to be non-architectural and are often only loosely integrated into a building design. The University of Sydney Page 9 –Hybrid System:  A composite system using active and passive approaches, typically leaning more toward the passive.  Example—ceiling fans (electricity-consuming, active devices) might be added to a natural ventilation (passive) cooling system to extend the performance range of the system and thus reduce energy usage. The University of Sydney Page 10  Net-Zero-Energy Building:  Building that produces--on an annual basis--as much energy from renewable resources (solar or wind, for example) as it consumes from non-renewable resources. https://energytracker.asia/net-zero-energy-buildings-a-stepping-stone-to-decarbonisation/ The University of Sydney Page 11  Regenerative and Restorative Buildings  Regenerative and restorative buildings not only produce all of their own energy, capture and treat all water, but they are also designed and operated to have a net-positive impact on the environment, including repairing surrounding ecosystems.  Producing more energy than the building consumes and sharing the excess so other buildings can meet their energy demands; creating opportunities for urban agriculture such as growing food on a green roof; recharging groundwater systems or creating ecosystems for local species whose niches had been missing, damaged, or destroyed, are examples of how a building can help restore the environment.. The University of Sydney Page 12 Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) Process of evaluating buildings in a systematic and rigorous manner after they have been built and occupied for some time to get feedback on how they are performing from the building users and/or operators. The University of Sydney Page 13  Design for Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort The University of Sydney Page 14  Energy Efficiency  Efficiency is the ratio of system output to system input.  The greater the output for any given input, the higher the efficiency.  Sustainability involves meeting the needs of today's generation without detracting from the ability of future generations to meet their needs.  A sustainable project will have no net negative environmental impacts.  A green project is not the same as a sustainable project.  HERS (Home Energy Rating System) Index: Scoring system developed by the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) for expressing a home's energy efficiency. HERS sets baseline performance at 100 and sets exemplary performance at 0 (which is a net-zero energy residence). The University of Sydney Page 15 HERS (Home Energy Rating System) Index The lower the HERS Index Score, the more energy efficient the home. https://www.resnet.us/hers- index-score-card The University of Sydney Page 16  Green Star Rating – Sustainability rating system for buildings in Australia – launched in 2003 by the Green Building Council of Australia – Tyree building UNSW has received a 6 Star Green Star Design rating, awarded by the Green Building Council of Australia, making it the fourth 6 Star education facility in Australia and a first for UNSW. The University of Sydney Page 17 Tyree building https://studentvip.com.au/unsw/kensington/maps/135940 The University of Sydney Page 18 Tyree building https://www.ttw.com.au/projects/unsw-tyree-energy-technologies-buildings/ The University of Sydney Page 19 Tyree building https://fjmtstudio.com/projects/tyree-energy-technologies-building/ The University of Sydney Page 20  Tyree building https://www.archdaily.com/496345/tyree-energy-technologies-building-francis- jones-morehen-thorp The University of Sydney Page 21 Tyree building The University of Sydney https://www.activemetal.com.au/projects/tyree-energy-technologies-building/ Page 22 ABS Building – The University of Sydney https://www.woodsbagot.com/projects/university-of-sydney-business-school/ The University of Sydney Page 23 ABS Building – Usyd https://www.ttw.com.au/projects/university-of-sydney-business-school- abercrombie-precinct/ The University of Sydney Page 24  BASIX – NSW Government – Calculate thermal loads using standardised behaviour by occupants for operating openings (windows and doors) and shading devices. – Analyses data relating to the design of your proposed dwelling and determines how this scores against water and energy targets. The dwelling design must meet specific targets before the proposed development can be issued with a BASIX certificate. – Based on the data you provide regarding your building design, the BASIX tool assesses the anticipated water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions levels of your proposed development. – Depending on your project, there are three BASIX online assessment tools: – new dwellings –single dwelling houses – new dwellings –multi-dwellings – alterations and additions The University of Sydney Page 25 The University of Sydney Page 26 Environmental Footprint  It plots the gross resource demands of a defined geographic area as a footprint on the planet.  It's typically measured in area of wilderness or amount of natural capital consumed each year. A common way of estimating footprint is, the area of wilderness of both land and sea needed to supply resources to a human population; This includes the area of wilderness needed to assimilate human waste (in global hectares). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprint The University of Sydney Page 27 Thermal Comfort –According to ASHRAE, that condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation. http://comfort.cbe.berkeley.edu/ The University of Sydney Page 28  Controlling Factors for Thermal Comfort: – Air temperature – Humidity – Mean radiant temperature – Air speed – Metabolic rate – Clothing level The University of Sydney Page 29  Radiation- Thermal Comfort – Mean radiant temperature is the uniform surface temperature of an imaginary black enclosure in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of radiant heat as in the actual non-uniform space. – What people feel is dependent not only the air temperature, but also on the mean radiant temperature, which is determined by the average radiant temperature of the surrounding walls, ceiling, floor and windows.  MRT allows a complex physical phenomenon to be described using a single numerical value.  MRT is measured with a globe thermometer and may be affected by ambient air temperature, heat flow, and solar radiation. The University of Sydney Page 30  Air Speed- Thermal Comfort – Wind speeds below 0.1 meter per second may lead to a feeling of stuffiness. – Wind speeds of up to 1.0 meter per second are comfortable indoors when are movement is required, but above this level discomfort and inconvenience increase. The University of Sydney Page 31  ASHRAE Standard – American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) – The level of comfort is often characterized using the ASHRAE thermal sensation scale. – The average thermal sensation response of a large number of subjects, using the ASHRAE thermal sensation scale, is called the predicted mean vote (PMV). The University of Sydney Page 32  ASHRAE – The empirical relationship between the percentage of people dissatisfied (PPD) with a thermal environment as a function of the PMV. – ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. – The purpose of this standard is to specify the combinations of indoor thermal environmental factors and personal factors that will produce thermal environmental conditions acceptable to a majority of the occupants within the space The University of Sydney Page 33  Comfort zone  The range of combinations of dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, air speed, clothing insulation, and activity that are deemed comfortable for most people.  These conditions may be outlined on a psychometric chart or embodied in computer software. The University of Sydney Page 34  Indoor Air Quality The University of Sydney Page 35 https://catalysts.basf.com/products-and-industries/indoor-air-quality Wall opening The University of Sydney Page 36  Wall Opening The University of Sydney Page 37 Where do we start ? The University of Sydney Page 38 The University of Sydney Page 39 Removing load off walls The University of Sydney Page 40 The University of Sydney Page 41 The University of Sydney Page 42 The University of Sydney Page 43  http://denonconstruction.com/propping-and-needling/ The University of Sydney Page 44  https://chestofbooks.com/architecture/Building-Construction-V2/Needling.html The University of Sydney Page 45