Building Systems and Design Unit I and II PDF

UNIT 1: BUILDING LAWS Professional Regulation Commission Codes and Regulations - first created as a national government agency by Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. - a rule of co...

UNIT 1: BUILDING LAWS Professional Regulation Commission Codes and Regulations - first created as a national government agency by Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. - a rule of conduct 223 datedJune22, 1973, signed by then - just and obligatory President Ferdinand E. Marcos, mandated - promulgated by legitimate authority to enforce the laws regulating the various (typically by the Legislature) professions Philippine Constitution - supreme law of the land REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10912 - the1987 Constitution of the Republic of the - “Continuing Professional Development Philippines adopted by the Constitutional (CPD) Act of 2016” Convention of 1986 on October 15, 1986 - requires CPD as the mandatory and ratified by the People of the Republic requirement for the renewal of Professional of the Philippines on February2,1987 Identification Card. - body of rules and principles in accordance with which the powers of sovereignty is regularly exercised NOTE: CPD is still a mandatory requirement for the Structure: renewal of the PRC ID of all registered and licensed professionals. Significant decrease in the number ❑Republic of required CPD units for the renewal of ❑Parliamentary professional license. From 45 units, it’s now down to 15 units every three years. ❑Unitary State ❑Presidential System How many years are you held liable for all the plans ❑Constitutional Republic that you sign? Executive – President Ans: 15 years Legislative – House of Representatives, Senate Judiciary – Supreme Court REPUBLIC ACT NO. 386 - an act to ordain and institute the civil code of the Philippines Presidential Decrees (PD) REPUBLIC ACT NO. 544 (amended by R.A. 1582) - an innovation made by President Ferdinand E. Marcos with the proclamation - An Act to Regulate the Practice of Civil of Martial Law Engineering in the Philippines - Only President Marcos issued Presidential - The practice of civil engineering within the Decrees meaning and intent of this Act shall embrace services in the form of Batas Pambansa (BP)– Philippine Statutes consultation, design, preparation of plans, specifications, estimates, erection, - statutes- including Acts of Congress, installation and supervision of the municipal charters, municipal legislation, construction of streets, bridges, highways, court rules, administrative rules and orders, etc. legislative rules and presidential issuances. - CIVIL ENGINEER - a person duly registered treaties and conventions- these have the with the Board for Civil Engineers in the same force of authority as statutes manner as herein after provided Republic Act (RA) - Approved, June17, 1950 (As amended by R.A. No. 1582, approved on June 16, 1956) - a piece of legislation used to create policy in order to carry out the principles of the Maestro de Obras Constitution - Master Builders - responsible for the design, construction and supervision of erection of structures REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9266 BP 220 - The Architecture Act of 2004 - An act authorizing the ministry of human - An act providing for a more responsive and settlements to establish and promulgate comprehensive registration, licensing and different levels of standards and technical practice of architecture, repealing for the requirements for economic and socialized purpose of R.A. No. 545, as amended, housing projects in urban and rural Areas otherwise known as “An act to regulate the from those provided under Presidential practice of architecture in the Philippines’, Decrees 957, 1216, 1096, and 1185 and for other purposes Green Building Code Note: “In our country, civil engineers can sign - a Referral Code of the National Building architectural drawings (for residential mostly). This Code (Presidential Decree No. 1096) was "trend" started after the Second World War, when launched on June 25 this year by the there was a lack of architects in our country. To Department of Public Works and Highways compensate for the need, civil engineers were (DPWH), with the assistance of the World allowed to sign architectural documents. Sadly, it Bank-IFC, and the technical support of the still continues long after the war, until today. Philippine Green Building Initiative (PGBI) Department of Human Settlements and Urban REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4566 Development - An act creating the Philippine Licensing - executive department of the Philippine Board for contractors, prescribing its government responsible for the powers, duties and functions, providing management of housing and related funds therefore, and for other purposes development in the Philippines - Section 1. Title of Act. This Act shall be Republic Act No. 4726 known as the "Contractors' License Law." - an act to define condominium, establish National Structural Code of the Philippines requirements for its creation, and govern its - The ‘bible’ of the civil engineering incidents profession Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines Force Majeure In 1954, the Third Congress of the Republic - a provision in a contract that frees both of the Philippines in its Second Session, approved parties from obligation if an extraordinary after the third reading House Bill No. 962. This event directly prevents one or both parties became Republic Act No. l378. On June 18, 1955, from performing R.A. 1378, otherwise known as the "PLUMBING LAW OF THE Philippines" was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay. REFERRAL CODES On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing BP 344 Code of the Philippines prepared by the NAMPAP - Accessibility Law was promulgated and approved by Malacañang. - An act to enhance the mobility of disabled NAMPAP also assisted in the passage of the law persons by requiring certain buildings, creating the National Waterworks and Sewerage institutions, establishments, and public Authority (NAWASA). utilities to install facilities and other devices PD 957 (July 12, 1976) REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1378 - Regulating the sale of subdivision lots and - An act to regulate the trade of Master condominiums, providing for penalties for Plumber. Plumbing Law violations thereof GOVERNMENT ORDER 66 Fire Classification - issued to burn the houses of the Farola district at the height of the cholera epidemic of 1902 Cubeta - first public toilet under the pail conservancy system PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 856 (December 23, 1975) - Code on Sanitation REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9514 (2008) Setback - The Fire Code of the Philippines - The horizontal distance measured 90º from - An act establishing a comprehensive Fire the outermost face of the Code of the Philippines, repealing building/structure to the property lines Presidential Decree No. 1185 and for other Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF) purposes - The maximum portion of the lot that may be occupied by the building/structure at grade level after satisfying setback, yard and court requirement Max Allowable Construction Area (MACA) - The combined total of the Maximum Allowable Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) and the Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface Area (ISA) Note: Fire protection plans are to be signed by a licensed civil engineer.  The ‘bible’ of the architecture Application Forms profession. - A preformatted prescribed application form duly accomplished and notarized by the respective design professional with validation matrices related to other building rules and regulations. Applicant/Permittee - Any person, firm, partnership, corporation, head of government or private institution, organization of any character applying for the issuance of permits and certificates. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8981 Building Official - an act modernizing the professional regulation commission, repealing for the - the Executive Officer of the OBO purpose presidential decree numbered appointed by the Secretary. two hundred and twenty-three, entitled "creating the professional regulation Building Permit commission and prescribing its powers and - A document issued by the Building Official functions," and for other purposes (BO) to an owner/applicant to proceed - with the construction, installation, addition, PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1096 alteration, renovation, conversion, repair, moving, demolition or other work activity of - The National Building Code of the a specific project/building/structure or Philippines portions thereof after the accompanying - achieved the purpose of enforcing uniform principal plans, specifications and other standards and requirements on building pertinent documents with the duly design, construction, use, occupancy and notarized application are found maintenance in line with the policy of the satisfactory and substantially conforming state to safeguard life, health, property and with the National Building Code of the public welfare. Philippines (the Code) and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR). Parts: CONSTRUCTION RULE 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS - All on-site work done in the site preparation, Addition excavation, foundation, assembly of all the - Any new construction which increases the components and installation of utilities, height and/or floor area of existing machineries and equipment of buildings/structures. buildings/structures. Agency of the Government CONVERSION–A change in the use or occupancy of buildings/structures or any - Refers to any of the various units of the portion/s thereof, which has different government including a department, requirements. bureau, office, instrumentality, or government owned or controlled DEMOLITION– The systematic dismantling or corporation. destruction of a building/structure, in whole or in part. Alteration DEPARTMENT–The Department of Public Works - Works in buildings/structures involving and Highways (DPWH). changes in the materials used, partitioning, location/size of openings, structural parts, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR – The Executive Officer or existing utilities and equipment but does Head of the NBCDO. not increase the building height and/or MOVING–The transfer of buildings/structures or floor area. portion/s thereof from original location or  position to another, either within the same lot or ii. Civil/Structural Permit to a different one. iii. Electrical Permit OFFICE OF THE BUILDING OFFICIAL (OBO) –The iv. Mechanical Permit Office authorized to enforce the provisions of the Code and its IRR in the field as well as the v. Sanitary Permit enforcement of orders and decisions made pursuant thereto. vi. Plumbing Permit REFERRAL CODES –The applicable provisions of vii. Electronics Permit the various agency and technical professional b) Accessory Permits codes that are supplementary to the Code. - issued by the Building Official for RENOVATION–Any physical change made on accessory parts of the project with very buildings/structures to increase the value, special functions or use which are quality, and/or to improve the aesthetic. indicated in the plans and specifications REPAIR–Remedial work done on any damaged that accompany the building permit or deteriorated portion/s of building/structure application to restore to its original condition. Exemption from Building permits SECRETARY–Head or Chief Executive Officer of a. Minor Constructions DPWH. b. Repair Works STAFF–The personnel of the National Building Application for Permits Code Development Office (NBCDO). 2. As used in this IRR, other words, terms and phrases Requires…. enumerated in the Glossary hereof shall have the meaning or definition correspondingly i. Certified true copy of OCT/TCT, on file provided therein. with the Registry of Deeds, ii. Tax Declaration, and iii. Current Real Property Tax Receipt. RULE II – ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT Validity of Building Permit Exemption: Public buildings and traditional - 1 year after the issuance of the permit indigenous family dwellings shall be exempt from - The construction must be resumed within payment of building permit fees. 120 days for the permit to be still valid Amount of Fines: REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8293 Light violation – 5,000 pesos - An Act Prescribing the Intellectual Property Less grave violation – 8,000 pesos Code and Establishing the Intellectual Grave violation – 10,000 pesos Property Office ✓ Excavation for foundation – 10% of the Civil Works building permit fees Site Development Plan ✓ Construction of foundation (including pile Structural Plan driving and laying of reinforcing bars) – 25% Structural Analysis of the building permit fees Boring and Load Tests ✓ Construction of superstructure up to 2.00 Seismic Analysis meters above established grade – 50% of Other related documents the building permit fees ✓ Construction of superstructure above 2.00 meters – 100% of the building permit fees RULE IV: TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION 1. Type I - shall be of wood construction. RULE III: PERMIT AND INSPECTION 2. Type II - shall be of wood construction with a)Ancillary Permits: protective fire-resistant materials and one-hour fire resistive throughout i. Architectural Permit 3. Type III - shall be of masonry and wood SECTION 808. Window Openings construction 4. Type IV - shall be steel, iron, concrete, or masonry RULE IX – SANITATION construction and walls, ceiling and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire resistive RULE X - BUILDING PROJECTION OVER PUBLIC STREET construction, except, that permanent non-bearing partitions of one-hour fire-resistive construction RULE XI - PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS DURING may use fire-retardant treated wood within the CONSTRUCTION OR DEMOLITION framing assembly. RULE XII - GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 5. Type V - shall be four-hour fire-resistive REQUIREMENTS throughout and the structural elements shall be of RULE XIII - ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction. REGULATIONS RULE XIV - PHOTOGRAPHIC AND X-RAY FILMS RULE V: REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE ZONES RULE XV - PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTIONS RULE XVI – PLASTICS RULE VI: FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN RULE XVII - SHEET METAL PAINT SPRAY BOOTHS CONSTRUCTION RULE XVIII - GLASS AND GLAZING RULE XIX - THE USE OF COMPUTERS RULE VII - CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OR RULE XX – SIGNS OCCUPANCY RULE XXI - TRANSITORY AND FINAL PROVISIONS Building height limit - Air Transportation Office (before) - Civil Aviation Authority (now) ………………………………………………………………. RULE VIII - LIGHT AND VENTILATION COMMON BUILDING CODE VIOLATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES Section 805: Ceiling heights 1. No building permit Habitable rooms – less than 2.4 meters 2. Setbacks and Means of Egress Mezzanine floors – less than 1.8 meters Means of Egress Section 806: Sizes and Dimensions of Rooms - an unobstructed path to leave buildings, structures, and spaces a. Rooms for Human Habitation - 6.00 sq. meters - comprised of exit access, exit, and exit with a least dimension of 2.00 meters; discharge. b. Kitchen - 3.00 sq. meters with a least dimension 3. Opening on firewalls of 1.50 meters; and 4. Illegal structures/obstructions on right of way c. Bath and toilet - 1.20 sq. meters with a least 5. Not PWD friendly designs dimension of 900 millimeters. 6. Substandard construction 7. Illegal parking/illegal encroachment SECTION 807. Air Space Requirements in 8. Improper construction of proper drainage Determining the Size of Rooms & sidewalks a. School Rooms – 3.00 cu. meters with 1.00 sq. 9. Sidewalk parking meter of floor area per person; b. Workshop, Factories, and Offices – 12.00 cu. meters of air space per person; and c. Habitable Rooms – 14.00 cu. meters of air space per person  COMMON FIRE CODE VIOLATIONS UNIT 2: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1. Fire hazard Aerodrome 2. Lack of fire safety features or outdoor fire - Location from which aircraft flight exit operations takes place 3. Tangled electrical cables 4. Lack of efficient fire exits Increment of Setback 5. Big buildings with no fire suppression system 6. No proper means of egress and inefficient - Horizontal distance between the outermost exit plans and locations building or structure to a lower floor and that of a higher floor Height of Building Structure a. Low Rise – 1 to 5 story, 3 to 15 meters b. Medium Rise – 6 to 15 story, 18 to 45 meters c. High Rise – 16 and up story, 48 meters and above Scope of Disaster Management a. Precaution b. Preparedness c. Response and recovery How do you start a construction company in the Philippines? For sole proprietorship….. Apply to the SEC (Security and Exchange Commission) if it is a partnership or corporation TOP CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN THE PHILIPPINES 1. Makati Development Corporation 2. Megawide Construction Corporation 3. D.M. Consunji, Inc (DMCI) 4. Engineering Equipment, Incorporated (EEI) 5. Sta. Clara International Corporation 6. Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Company of Manila 7. DDT Konstract, Inc Specifications 8. DATEM, Inc - the products, materials, and work required by a construction contract 9. MDC Buildplus, Inc Noah’s Ark 10.Monolith Construction & Development Corporation - oldest specification in history Cubit Implementing Rules and Regulations - ancient unit of length - Covet all the mandated functions and duties as stated in the code Types of Construction Specifications ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) A. Prescriptive Specs - Reciprocity (exchange services) - provide step-by-step details and instructions on how the types of materials to Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation be used and the desired installation - An intergovernmental forum dedicated to methods promoting free trade and investment in economic growth and development General Provisions - These provisions will reference national or state building codes and standards that must be complied with. Building Height Limit Required Products. - The maximum height to be allowed for - Lists the type of products and materials buildings/structures based on their required, based on the performance and proposed use or occupancy structural requirements Execution Procedures. - Details the methods of installation and how ………………………………………………………………. to measure quality or effectiveness. B. Performance Specs - provide all of the operations requirements BUILDING PERMITS to complete a project Instruments of Service/Contract Documents C. Propriety Specs Building Plans - Rarest of the breed ✓ Architectural - used when a specific type of product or ✓ Structural material is required for installation ✓ Electrical ✓ Plumbing/Sanitary ✓ Mechanical ………………………………………………………………. ✓ Fire Protection ✓ Electronics Specification& Estimates Design Analysis (Structural/ Electrical) QUANTITY SURVEYING AND COST ESTIMATES Survey Plan (Geodetic) Estimating and Quantity Surveying Soil Test Others ✓A calculation of the quantities of various items of work and expenses likely to be incurred thereon ✓Thetotalofthisprobableexpensestobeincurredink Space Planning nownasestimatedcostofthework - Architectural discipline in which it includes Two Possible Results the process of analyzing how space in Underestimate it may result to/in client setting an structures will be used unpleasant shock when tenders are opened and drastically modifying or abandoning the work at an THE BIDDING PROCESS early stage Step 1: Bid Solicitation ✓Overestimate may lose the job or the client - the project owner or general contractor Purpose of Estimating sends out the invitation for bid (IFB), request for proposal (RFP), or request to tender (RTT) ✓To give a reasonable accurate idea of the product cost Step 2: Subcontracting ✓It helps the client decide whether the work can - the subcontractors will review the project be undertaken as proposed or needs to be scope then the subcontractors will bid for curtailed or abandoned certain areas of work Step 3: Bid Submission FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN DOING - the subcontractors submit their bid ESTIMATES package to the project owner before the deadline 1. Materials ✓ Types of materials and number of Step 4: Bid Selection quantities - most important part of the entire 2. Labor construction bidding process ✓ The number & kind of workers in different - the owner or general contractor scrutinizes categories the packages and awards the bid to the 3. Plant subcontractors who offer the best value ✓ pertains to the kind of equipment & machinery needed to compute work Step 5: Contract Formation 4. Time - The owner, general contractor, and ✓ The estimate of work and the fast selected subcontractors must all come to experience enable one to estimate quite an agreement and sign the contract wisely the length of time required to before the actual project can begin. complete an item of work or the work as a whole Step 6: Project Delivery - the actual project building commences Types of Construction Estimates 1. Approximate or finger roll ………………………………………………………………. - Approximate cost in short time 2. Detailed estimates - Best and reliable form of estimates Value Engineering - a methodology that ensures the owner is not over-paying for quality when an Bill of Quantities (BOQ) equally effective, less expensive option - defined as a document used in tendering exists. in the construction industry in which materials, parts, and labour (and their costs) are itemized Bill of Materials (BOM) - a list of the raw materials, sub-assemblies, intermediate assemblies, sub-components, parts, and the quantities of each needed to manufacture an end product Invitation to Bid Consulting Services - a call by clients to contractors to provide - refer to services for Infrastructure Projects specific products or services that meet and other types of projects or activities of product specifications the Government requiring adequate external technical and professional Republic Act No. 9184 expertise that are beyond the capability - an act providing for the modernization, and/or capacity of the government to standardization and regulation of the undertake procurement activities of the government Goods and for other purposes - refer to all items, supplies, materials and Procurement general support services, except consulting - refers to the acquisition of goods, services and infrastructure projects consulting services, and the contracting for Economics infrastructure projects by the procuring entity. - Goods and services are the output of an economic system. Goods are tangible Procuring Entity items sold to customers, while services are - refers to any branch, department, office, tasks performed for the benefit of the agency, or instrumentality of the recipients government, including state universities Philippine Government Electronic Procurement and colleges, government owned and/or- System (PhilGEPS) controlled corporations, government financial institutions, and local government - the single, centralized electronic portal that units procuring Goods, Consulting Services serves as the primary and definitive source and Infrastructure Projects. of information on government procurement. Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC) Contract - refers to the budget for the contract duly approved by the Head of the Procuring - a meeting of minds, with respect to the Entity other, to give something or to render some service. BAC - Involves consent, object and cause - refers to the Bids and Awards Committee established in accordance with Article V of this Act. Bidding Documents - refers to documents issued by the procuring entity as the basis for bids, Penalty Provision furnishing all information necessary for a prospective bidder to prepare a bid for the - A contract provision setting forth the goods, infrastructure projects, and damages a party must pay in the event of consulting services to be provided. his breach Bid Statute of Frauds - refers to a signed offer or proposal - A rule that certain kinds of contracts are submitted by a supplier, manufacturer, enforceable unless signed and in writing or distributor, contractor or consultant in unless there is a written memorandum of response to the Bidding Documents. their terms signed by the party to be charged. Competitive Bidding Statute of Limitation - refers to a method of procurement which is open to participation by any interested - A statute specifying the period of time party within which legal action must be brought for alleged damage or injury.  Insurance Policy - a two-party agreement between an insurer and an insured. Surety Bond - these guarantee that suppliers can meet financial obligations when contracted performance targets are missed Parties to the Bond a. Principal - he party who requests the surety to issue the bond and whose obligations are guaranteed. b. Obligee - the party who requires the principal to obtain the bond and who receives the benefit of the guarantee. c. Surety - the party who issues the bond that Bid Bulletin guarantees the obligations of the principal. - issued to all prospective bidders to clarify, modify and/or amend items in the Bidding Documents as discussed and agreed Types of Bonds during the Prebid Conference 1. Bid Bonds Pre-bid conference - guarantee that, if a bidding contractor is awarded a contract in response to a - may be used, generally in a complex tender and then refuses to enter into the acquisition, as a means of briefing contract in accordance with the terms of prospective bidders and explaining the tender, the surety will pay the owner the complicated specifications and price difference between the dishonored requirements to them as early as possible bid and the next lowest bid up to the after the invitation has been issued and penalty limit of the bond before the bids are opened. 2. Performance Bonds Instruction to Bidders - guarantee that the contractor that has entered into a construction contract will - a list of instructions stipulating the manner perform all of its obligations under the on which bids are to be prepared. contract Written Notice 3. Labor and Material Payment Bonds - provide for payment of the bonded - information, advice or notification principal’s subcontractors and material pertinent to the project delivered in person suppliers should the principal not make or sent by registered mail to the individual, payments as required. firm or corporation at the last known 4. Construction Lien Bonds business address of such individual, firm or - guarantee (normally to a Court) that corporation. payment will be made to the lien claimants for whom the bond is posted if they prove Addendum (Addenda) their builders lien claims subject to the - Written information adding to, clarifying or provisions of existing act of the land modifying the bidding documents Construction Bond Notice to Proceed - a written agreement in which one party - marks the date when a contractor or (the surety) guarantees that a second subcontractor's work is to begin on a party (the principal) will fulfil its obligations construction project to a third party (the obligee). Project Manager - supervises the CM - has greater responsibility to the project, as he/she oversees more than the construction process Construction Manager - his/her primary responsibility is the exercise of overall cost control which relieves the owner of many of the anxieties that usually beset, particularly those concerned with forecasting cost and completion dates.