Citizenship and Social Development Revision - Tak Oi Secondary School 2022-2023 - PDF

Here is the transcription of the document in a structured Markdown format. ## Citizenship and Social Development ### Mini-revision By Mr. Teddy Chan --- ### Tak Oi Secondary School S4B Citizenship and Social Development 2022–2023 T1.1.1 Mini Revision Name: ( ) Class: Date: 1. The Three Unequ...

Here is the transcription of the document in a structured Markdown format. ## Citizenship and Social Development ### Mini-revision By Mr. Teddy Chan --- ### Tak Oi Secondary School S4B Citizenship and Social Development 2022–2023 T1.1.1 Mini Revision Name: ( ) Class: Date: 1. The Three Unequal Treaties | War | Treaty | Year | Land Loss | Way of loss | | :----------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--- | :------------------ | :---------------- | | The First Opium War | Treaty of Nanking | 1842 | Hong Kong Island | Occupied | | The Second Opium War | Convention of Peking | 1860 | Kowloon Peninsular | Occupied | | | Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory | 1898 | The New Territories | Leased(for 99 years) | 2. Characteristics of an unequal treaty 1. The signing of the treaty is the result of the use of force or threat by one party or more 2. Contracting states have unequal positions in negotiations 3. Provisions in the treaty reflect inequalities in rights and duties 4. Provisions in the treaty clearly violate the national sovereignty or interests of a contracting state 3. China's position/attitudes regarding the question of Hong Kong: 1. China does not recognise the three unequal treaties 2. Chinese government will use negotiations with the British government to solve the question of Hong Kong 4. Negotiations between the Chinese and British governments 1. Common concerns - Prosperity and stability of Hong Kong 2. Important document signed - Sino-British Joint Declaration 3. Conclusion - PRC will resume the exercise of sovereignty over HK with effect from 1 July 1997 --- 5. Promulgation of the Basic Law | | | | :--- | :------------------------------ | | 1 | Drafting of the Basic Law Basic Law Drafting Committee | | 2 | Opinion collection of the Basic Law Basic Law Consultative Committee | | 3 | Promulgation of the Basic LawThe National People's Congress | 6. Characteristics of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1. Legal basis of setting up a Special Administrative Region for Hong Kong - Article 31 of the Constitution 2. Three main features 1. One country, two systems 2. Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong 3. High degree of autonomy 7. One country, two systems | One country | The People's Republic of China | | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Two systems | Mainland China: Socialist system HKSAR: Capitalist system | 8. High degree of autonomy Executive power Legislative power Independent judicial power and the power of final adjudication 9. Date of Hong Kong's return 1 July, 1997 --- ### Tak Oi Secondary School S4B Citizenship and Social Development 2022–2023 T1.1.2 Mini Revision Name: ( ) Class: Date: 1. Full name of China - People's Republic of China 2. Constitution of PRC | | | | :--- | :-------------------------------------------------- | | 1. Status: Supreme legal status with the highest legal effect | | 2. How many constitutions(s)? Only one constitution | 3. Central administration of the PRC | | | | :--- | :---------------------------------------- | | 1. What is the name of the central body of China? Central Authorities | | 2. What is the name of the government of the central administrative system in China? Central People's Government | | 3. What kind of leadership does the Central People's Government adopt? Unified leadership | | 4. Who is the highest state organ of power? The National People's Congress | | 5. Who is the usual working group of the NPC? The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress | | 6. Why does the NPC have the highest power as a state organ? It is because the highest power of NPC is authorized by the Constitution | --- 4. Regional governance in China | | | | :--- | :------------------------------------------ | | 1. What is the name of the regional bodies in China? Local authorities | | 2. What do the regional bodies include? And how many do they have? - 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, 2 special administrative regions | | 3. Why does the Central Authorities set up regional bodies? To better administer different regions because local authorities are more familiar with the needs and situations of the regional places. | | 4. Which type of regional body does Hong Kong belong to? Special administrative region | | 5. What is the relationship between Central Authorities and the HKSAR? The HKSAR is subordinate to the Central Authorities | | 6. What is so 'special' about a special administrative region than the other types of regional bodies? A special administrative region can adopt different systems than the Mainland China (one country, two systems) | | 7. What system do Hong Kong and the Mainland China adopt respectively? Hong Kong: Capitalist system Mainland China: Socialist system | 5. How is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) formed? ----------------------------------------------------- | | | | :--- | :---------------------------------------------------------- | | 1. Who decided the formation of the HKSAR? The National People's Congress | | 2. Why does the NPC have the power to decide the formation of the H KSAR? Because the Constitution authorises the power to NPC (Article 62) | | 3. What is the principle used in the HKSAR? One country, two systems | | 4. Why does the NPC have the power to decide on the principle be used in the HKSAR? Because the Constitution authorises the power to NPC (Article 62) | | 5. What is so special about the HKSAR? It adopts a different system than the Mainland China (capitalist vs socialist) It comes directly under the Central People's Government | | 6. How does the Central Authorities administer HKSAR? Direct jurisdiction + authorizing powers to Hong Kong (indirect jurisdiction) | --- | | | | :--- | :--- | | 7. When direct jurisdiction and indirect jurisdiction add together, what kind of jurisdiction does China have over HKSAR? Overall jurisdiction | | 8. How does the Central Authorities authorise powers to Hong Kong? (Indirect jurisdiction) Through the Basic Law | | 9. What is the use of the Basic Law? To legalise and institutionalise 'one country, two systems'. To give instructions to HKSAR to administer herself with the power authorised by the Central Authorities. | 6. Content of the Basic Law 1. Full text - 160 articles 2. Annex I - Method for the election of the Chief Executive 3. Annex II - Method for the election of the Legislative Council and its voting procedures 4. Annex III - National laws to be applied in Hong Kong 7. Examples of direct jurisdiction: | Hints | Power to | | :------------------------ | :-------------------------------------------------- | | 1. Form HKSAR Prescribe the establishment | | 2. Adjust the Basic Law Amend the Basic Law | | 3. Explain the Basic Law Interpret the Basic Law | | 4. Appoint the leaders of HKSAR Appointing the Chief Executive and principal officials of the HKSAR | | 5. Protect HKSAR from war and invasion Responsible for the defense | | 6. Help HK communicate with other countries Responsible for the foreign affairs | | 7. Announce that Hong Kong is in a very urgent situation Decide on the declaration of a state of war or emergency | 8. Examples of powers authorised by the Central Authorities (indirect jurisdiction): --- 1. High degree of autonomy * Executive power * Legislative power * Independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication #### Words you need to know | | | | :--------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------- | | Peaceful reunification | Central authorities | | Socialist system | Subordination | | Capitalist System | - one to authorize, the other to be authorized | | The Constitution | Provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, special administrative regions | | Special administrative region | The power of direct jurisdiction | | Institutionalisation | A high degree of autonomy | | Legalisation | Supervision | | Unified leadership | Interpretation of the Basic Law | | | Sovereignty | --- Description of the diagram: The diagram is a flowchart that represents the organisation structure of the People's Republic of China: 1. The People's Republic of China is at the top. 2. The Constitution is below it, indicating that all power flows from it. The Constitution grants power to the highest state organ. 3. The National People's Congress is below the Constitution. 4. The Standing Committee of the NPC is below the National People's Congress. 5. The Central People's Government (Central Authorities) is below the Standing Committee of the NPC. 6. Local Authorities are below the Central People's Government. 7. There are 23 Provinces, 5 Autonomous Regions, and 4 Municipalities that are Local Authorities. 8. Below the local authorites there are 2 Special Administrative Regions listed, leading to HKSAR. --- Description of the diagram: The diagram is a flowchart that represents the the authority structure from The People's Republic of China, all the way to the HKSAR: 1. The People's Republic of China is at the top. 2. The Constitution is below it 3. The National People's Congress is below the Constitution. 4. The Central People's Government (Central Authorities) is below the National People's Congress. 5. The Overal Jurisdiction is below the Central People's Government 6. The structure then separates into Direct Jurisdiction and Authorises Power (Indirect Jursidiction) 7. Authorises Power (Indirect Jursidiction) then leads to the Basic Law 8. Finally, Direct Juridiction and Basic Law both lead to HKSAR --- #### Tak Oi Secondary School #### S4B Citizenship and Social Development 2022 – 2023 #### T1.1.3 Mini Revision Name: ( ) Class: Date: **1. Four different parameters of national security** | | | | :----------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------ | | 1. Secure the major interests of the state | | 2. Without external and internal threats | | 3. There is no absolute national security. Risk factors always exist. | | 4. The capability to guarantee a sustained safe condition and to safeguard national security | **2. Holistic view of national security** | | | | :------------------------------------------------ | :--------------------------------- | | 1. Chinese characteristics (PRC's national; interests as priority) | | 2. 1-5-5 | A. One overall goal | 1. Safeguarding national security of the People's Republic of China | | B. Five pairs of relationships 1. Development and security 2. External security and internal security 3. Homeland security and the people's security 4. Traditional security and non-traditional security 5. Our own security and common security | | C. Five essential elements 1. Taking the people's security as the ultimate goal 2. Achieving political security as the fundamental task 3. Regarding economic security as the foundation 4. With military, science and technology, cultural, and political security 5. Promoting international security | **3. Major fields of the holistic view of national security:** | Areas / Levels | Examples of the fields of national security (give three each) | | :------------ | :----------------------------- | | 1 Political, | Homeland, Military | | 2 Economic, | Public, Cyber | | 3 Biosecurity, | Outer space, Deepsea, Polar| #### Tak Oi Secondary School #### S4B Citizenship and Social Development 2022 – 2023 #### T1.1.4 Mini Revision Name: ( ) Class: Date: **4. National Security Education Day** Purposes | | | | :------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | 1. Raise public awareness of national security | | 2. Create a positive atmosphere of safeguarding national security | | 3. Foster a sense of national identity | 4. Deepen public understanding of the Constitution and the Basic Law | **5. National Security Law in Hong Kong** | | | | :------------------------------------------------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | 1. What is Article 23 of the Basic Law? Stipulates that the HKSAR shall enact laws on its own to safeguard national security | | 2. Is there any legislation based on Article 23 of the Basic Law? What is the impact? No. It leaves HK defenseless to the threats of national security | | 3. Besides Article 23, what is another way to safeguard national security in Hong Kong at local level? Relevant provisions on safeguarding national security in the existing laws of Hong Kong | | 4. Is it effective? No | | 5. What is the loophole of national security in Hong Kong? Hong Kong is defenseless to the threat of national security because of The inability to the legislation of Article 23 of the Basic Law andThe ineffective existing laws in Hong Kong to s afeguard national security | | 6. How does China plug the loophole? The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress enacted the National Security Law in Hong Kong | | 7. The loophole is plugged in what level? Constitutional level | | 8. Where has the National Security Law been added? Annex III of the Basic Law | | 9. When did the National Security Law came into effect? 30 June 2020 | | 10. Which three institutions are required to be set up under National Security Law? Committee for Safeguarding National Security - Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People's Government - National Security Department of the Hong Kong Police Force | | 11. Four types of crimes/offenses Secession /Subversion/ Terrorist activities/ Collusion | --- 6. The positive impact of the National Security Law in Hong Kong | | | | :------ | :----------------------------------- | | 1 - Maintain Stability - Have the law to provide legal consequences of threatening national security, such as being arrested and sentenced to jail /Stop social unrests and threats to national security/Resume normal living | | 2 - Maintain Prosperity - With stability, economic activity can be resumed without social unrests/ Local productivity continues to grow/Gives confidence to foreign businesses to invest in Hong Kong | --- #### Tak Oi Secondary School #### S4B Citizenship and Social Development 2022 – 2023 #### T1.1.4 Mini Revision Name: ( ) Class: Date: **1. Political structure of Hong Kong** | | | | :----------------------- | :----------------- | | 1. What is the division of work in the political structure in Hong Kong? Executive authorities, legislature, judiciary (3 branches) | | | 2. Which branch leads the political system in Hong Kong? And what is it called Hong Kong is executive led | | | 3. What are the relationships between the three branches? Complementing each other, check and balance | | | 4. Who decide the political system of HKSAR? NPC | **2. Executive Authorities** | | | | :----------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1. Who is the No.1 person of executive authorities? Chief Executive | | | 2. Since Hong Kong is executive led, what are some of the examples of the powers of the Chief Executive? Dominant position in the operation of the HKSAR (e.g., sign bills, sign budgets, nominate principal officials, appoint or remove judges of courts) | | | 3. Which two roles does the Chief Executive play?Dual head 1. Head of the HKSAR (external) 2. Head of the government of the HKSAR (internal) | | 4. What are the functions of the Executive Council? Give opinions and assist the Chief Executive in policymaking | | 5. How many Secretaries and Bureaus are available under the Chief Executive? Three Secretaries, fifteen Bureaus | | | 6. What are the functions of the Secretaries and Bureaus? Helps the CE in implementing policies | --- * Improved electoral system in Hong Kong **Which two aspects are improved in A new candidate eligibility review mechanism + a new sector (5th) in the Election Committee the electoral system in Hong Kong?** **What is the goal for such To ensure the principle of 'patriots administering Hong Kong'. improvements?** **What is the importance of 'patriots • Maintain stability and prosperity administering Hong Kong'?** **Past**: Non-patriots entered the political system causing social unrest (e.g., serious violence in 2019-2020, advocating HK independence) **Now**: 'Patriots administering Hong Kong' prevents non-patriots from entering the political system and Hong Kong to challenge the overall jurisdiction of the Central Authorities. Gives confidence to the Central Authorities to continue uphold 'one country, two system' firmly Local productivity will also be being preserved school will stay stable and be free * Candidate eligibility review mechanism **Who decides the eligibility of Candidate eligibility review committee candidates who want to join Hong Kong's political system?** **What are criteria of the eligibility?** Firmly uphold Basic Law, NSL, and other laws in HK + bear allegiance to HKSAR and PRC | Which target group will the eligibility review committee review | Potential candidates of Chief Executive and Legislative Council | | | --- What are the characteristics of the Broadly representative more voters/ supporters