Circulatory System SAQs.docx

The Circulatory System SAQs - List the advantages of a closed circulatory system  1. Blood can be pumped faster, blood flow to organs is controlled  - List 2 differences between arteries and veins.  1. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood towards the heart/ bloo...

The Circulatory System SAQs - List the advantages of a closed circulatory system  1. Blood can be pumped faster, blood flow to organs is controlled  - List 2 differences between arteries and veins.  1. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood towards the heart/ blood in the arteries is under high pressure, blood in the veins is under low pressure/ arteries have thick walls, veins have thin walls/ Arteries have small lumens, veins have large lumens/ in an artery blood flows in pulses, in a vein blood flows smoothly, valves are absent in arteries, valves are present veins/ in arteries blood is high in oxygen, in veins blood is low in oxygen.  - What is the function of valves?  1. Valves prevent the backflow of blood in veins and in the heart to ensure blood flows in one direction only.  - What are the advantages of a double circulatory system?  1. It allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to be kept separate, it ensures that the blood pressure is high enough to reach all parts of the body.  - Name the blood vessel that is the exception to the general flow of blood 1. The hepatic portal vein - What are the functions of the blood? 1. Transport, homeostasis, immunity - What is the tough protective sack that surrounds the heart called?  1. Pericardium  - Differentiate between systole and diastole in regard to heartbeat  1. Systole is when the chambers are contracted  Diastole is when the chambers are relaxed  - What does someone's 'pulse' refer to?  1. the rhythmic expansion and relaxation of artery walls as blood passes  - What effect does smoking have on our heart?  A. Smoking causes increased blood pressure and heart rate, reduces the amount of oxygen carried in the blood. - What effect does diet have on our heart? A. A poor diet can lead to the blockage of blood vessels, too much salt can result in high blood pressure/heart rate. - What effect does exercise have on our heart? A. Exercise increases the strength of the heart and makes it more efficient.  - Give 2 examples of dissolved substances found in Plasma  1. Gases/ nutrients/ ions/ salts/ urea  - Give 2 examples of suspended substances found in Plasma  1. Blood cells/ plasma proteins/ platelets/ hormones  - Which blood cells contain nuclei?  1. White blood cells  - Which blood cells are also known as erythrocytes?  1. Red blood cells  - Where are blood cells produced? 1. The bone marrow  - What are the two types of white blood cell?  1. Monocytes (or macrophages/phagocytes) and Lymphocytes  - What are platelets?  1. Tiny bags of clotting chemicals  - What are the 4 blood groups? 1. A, B, AB, O  - What type of blood cell are monocytes and lymphocytes? A. White blood cell - If Factor D is present in someone's blood they are said to be what? 1. Rhesus positive/ Rh+