Heme Class Review PDF - Nursing Practice Questions

Here is a set of 20 multiple-choice Next-Gen NCLEX-style exam questions based on the Week 2 - Heme Class Review PDF. This includes "Select All That Apply" (SATA) and True/False questions. The correct answers and rationales are provided at the end. 1. A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and tac...

Here is a set of 20 multiple-choice Next-Gen NCLEX-style exam questions based on the Week 2 - Heme Class Review PDF. This includes "Select All That Apply" (SATA) and True/False questions. The correct answers and rationales are provided at the end. 1. A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and tachycardia. Lab results show Hgb of 6.7 g/dL, Hct of 23%, and low ferritin levels. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply) A) Spinach and kale B) Lean red meats C) Dairy products D) Legumes and beans E) Whole grains 2. A 72-year-old male with a history of BPH presents with increasing urinary hesitancy, weak urinary stream, and nocturia. What diagnostic test is the most appropriate for confirming BPH? A) PSA level B) Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) C) Urinalysis D) MRI of the prostate 3. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is diagnosed with anemia of chronic disease. What is the most likely cause of anemia in this patient? A) Decreased folic acid absorption B) Decreased production of erythropoietin C) Increased destruction of red blood cells D) Iron overload due to frequent blood transfusions 4. Which of the following are risk factors for prostate cancer? (Select all that apply) A) Family history of prostate cancer B) Diet low in fruits and vegetables C) Age over 80 D) Caucasian ethnicity E) African American ethnicity 5. Which patient is at highest risk for developing iron deficiency anemia? A) A 65-year-old male with chronic kidney disease B) A 25-year-old pregnant woman C) A 40-year-old male with diabetes D) A 55-year-old postmenopausal woman 6. A nurse is assessing a patient with suspected sickle cell crisis. Which of the following clinical manifestations are consistent with this diagnosis? (Select all that apply) A) Severe joint and bone pain B) Pallor and jaundice C) Bradycardia D) Splenomegaly E) Decreased hemoglobin levels 7. Which of the following are priority interventions for a patient admitted in sickle cell crisis? (Select all that apply) A) Administer IV fluids B) Encourage cold compresses for pain relief C) Provide oxygen therapy D) Administer opioids as prescribed E) Encourage the patient to ambulate frequently 8. Which medication is associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia? A) Warfarin B) Metformin C) Furosemide D) Digoxin 9. A patient receiving a blood transfusion develops chills, fever, and tachycardia. What is the nurse’s first action? A) Notify the healthcare provider B) Increase IV fluids C) Stop the transfusion immediately D) Administer acetaminophen 10. True or False: PSA levels are the gold standard for diagnosing prostate cancer. A) True B) False 11. Which of the following lab findings would be expected in a patient with iron deficiency anemia? (Select all that apply) A) Decreased ferritin levels B) Decreased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) C) Decreased hemoglobin levels D) Increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) E) Increased red blood cell (RBC) count 12. A 17-year-old African American male presents with a sickle cell crisis. His O2 saturation is 90% on room air, and he reports severe pain. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? A) Administer high-flow oxygen B) Encourage deep breathing exercises C) Offer NSAIDs for pain relief D) Start an IV and administer fluids 13. Which condition is most commonly associated with thrombocytopenia? A) Vitamin B12 deficiency B) Folic acid deficiency C) Chronic kidney disease D) Metabolic acidosis 14. What are common clinical manifestations of anemia? (Select all that apply) A) Fatigue B) Bradycardia C) Pallor D) Tachypnea E) Spoon-shaped fingernails 15. Which of the following assessments indicate possible internal bleeding in a patient with thrombocytopenia? (Select all that apply) A) Black, tarry stools B) Petechiae and bruising C) Hypertension D) Hematuria E) Hypotension 16. True or False: Anemia of chronic disease is the most common type of anemia in patients with COPD. A) True B) False 17. Which of the following statements about sickle cell anemia are true? (Select all that apply) A) Sickle cell disease affects only African American individuals B) Sickled red blood cells can clump together and block blood flow C) Patients with sickle cell disease should avoid high altitudes D) Patients with sickle cell disease are at increased risk for infections E) Hydroxyurea is a medication used to reduce sickling episodes 18. A patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) reports pain in his legs when walking, which resolves with rest. This is known as: A) Ischemic rest pain B) Claudication C) Neuropathic pain D) Phantom limb pain 19. What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with hemoglobin of 6.7 g/dL? A) Encourage increased dietary intake of iron-rich foods B) Prepare for a blood transfusion C) Administer erythropoietin injections D) Place the patient on fall precautions 20. A nurse is educating a patient with thrombocytopenia. Which statements should be included in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A) "Avoid activities that could cause bruising or bleeding." B) "Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid gum bleeding." C) "Monitor for signs of internal bleeding, such as black stools." D) "Take aspirin to relieve minor aches and pains." E) "Use an electric razor instead of a traditional razor." Answer Key & Rationales 1. A, B, D, E - These foods are high in iron, unlike dairy, which can inhibit iron absorption. 2. B - DRE is the initial diagnostic tool for BPH. 3. B - CKD leads to decreased erythropoietin production. 4. A, B, E - Family history, diet, and African American ethnicity increase risk. 5. B - Pregnancy increases iron needs. 6. A, B, D, E - Common sickle cell crisis symptoms. 7. A, C, D - IV fluids, oxygen, and opioids help relieve symptoms. 8. B - Metformin is associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency. 9. C - The transfusion should be stopped immediately. 10. B - PSA is no longer the gold standard for prostate cancer diagnosis. 11. A, C - Decreased ferritin and hemoglobin are hallmark findings. 12. D - IV fluids improve circulation in sickle cell crisis. 13. C - CKD is associated with thrombocytopenia. 14. A, C, D, E - Common anemia symptoms. 15. A, B, D, E - Signs of internal bleeding. 16. A - Anemia of chronic disease is common in COPD. 17. B, C, D, E - SCD affects multiple ethnicities, and these are correct management points. 18. B - Claudication is pain with exertion that resolves with rest. 19. B - A transfusion is required for severe anemia. 20. A, B, C, E - Safe practices for thrombocytopenia management. This exam-style practice should help solidify key hematologic concepts in preparation for your Next-Gen NCLEX or Med-Surg exams!